Tissue Bridge Research Articles

Bone formation induced by epithelium of urinary bladder

The existence of an osteogenetic substance capable of eliciting formation in undifferentiated connective tissue has been postulated by many investigators and has been sought for over 100 years. When a nonosseous tissue is induced to change its cellular structure to bone, the process is called bone induction. It is the result of contact of the inductor substance or cell with the nonosseous tissue. Ossification has been found in soft tissues after the introduction of necrotic tissue (Bridges and Pritchard, 1958) or irritants (Hartely and Tanz, 1951). Bone has also been found after the injection of tissue extracts (Levander, 1938; Annersten, 1940; Bertelsen, 1944; LaCroix, 1945, 1951; Levander and Willstaedt, 1946), but results were not consistent, and Heinen (1949) proved that alcohol, which was the solvent used to extract the tissues, alone induced ossification. Bone induction by transplanted urinary bladder mucosa presents an ideal field for investigation because of consistent

CORRECTION OF DIGITAL ISCHEMIA BY ARTERIAL TRANSFER. A NEW INDICATION FOR THE NEUROVASCULAR ISLAND TRANSFER.

IN 1764, TISSOT published his translation of Bilguer's Dissertation sur l'inutilite de l'amputation des membres (Fig 1) in which Bilguer condemned the indiscriminate amputation of limbs on the battlefield for gunshot wounds, arterial injuries, open fractures, and loss of soft tissues. He believed that the limbs of many of the soldiers would survive and spare these individuals the socioeconomic stigmata of the amputee. This presentation represents an extension of Bilguer's conservative thinking, since a viable major index finger has been salvaged and improved to a significant degree after the traumatic division of both neurovascular bundles, the flexor tendons, and comminution of the proximal phalanx. A digit may survive after the division of both digital arteries as in a near amputation if the remaining bridge of tissue contains sufficient radicles of the dorsal metacarpal arteries. Rarely, finger survival has been reported after replacement following complete severance. In either case blood flow

Bone Formation Induced by Epithelium Of Urinary Bladder

The existence of an osteogenetic substance capable of eliciting formation in undifferentiated connective tissue has been postulated by many investigators and has been sought for over 100 years. When a nonosseous tissue is induced to change its cellular structure to bone, the process is called bone induction. It is the result of contact of the inductor substance or cell with the nonosseous tissue. Ossification has been found in soft tissues after the introduction of necrotic tissue (Bridges and Pritchard, 1958) or irritants (Hartely and Tanz, 1951). Bone has also been found after the injection of tissue extracts (Levander, 1938; Annersten, 1940; Bertelsen, 1944; LaCroix, 1945, 1951; Levander and Willstaedt, 1946), but results were not consistent, and Heinen (1949) proved that alcohol, which was the solvent used to extract the tissues, alone induced ossification. Bone induction by transplanted urinary bladder mucosa presents an ideal field for investigation because of consistent

The stump-stitch technique for vaginal hysterectomy

The damage which is caused by the action of crushing clamps, and the danger of placing the ligatures in the line of the separating cut, in dissecting a bridge of tissue, are briefly mentioned. The stump-stitch technique is recommended for achieving perfect hemostasis of the parametrium and the adnexa in vaginal hysterectomy. The stitch must be applied through the entire thickness of the stump and as close to the ligature as possible. The importance of making flat square knots is stressed. A new technique of tying square knots with the ligatures of the parametrium is presented. New features are: (1) The elimination of unligated areas in dissecting a bridge of tissue by stitches through the previous stump, (2) the use of the stump-stitch technique in vaginal hysterectomy, (3) the performance of only partial dissection of ligated tissue as a means of facilitating the exposure of the previous ligature, (4) the regular placing of the stump stitch close to the ligature, (5) the technique of tying a flat square knot in the sagittal plane, and (6) the technique of the passing maneuver.

A contribution to keratoplasty.

FLAWLESS excision of the cornea in the donor's and in the recipient's eye is of utmost importance to the final outcome of a partial penetrating corneal transplantation. Accurate performance of this part of the operation presents the main difficulty in an otherwise simple surgical procedure. Exact trephining of the donor's cornea can be achieved more easily because no special caution must be observed with respect to deeper structures of the eye. This is in contrast to the procedure on the patient's eye in which the technic of trephining must be carefully guarded because of the danger of injuring the iris, and particularly the lens. Generally it is advisable to discontinue the use of the trephine as soon as aqueous humor starts to escape and to complete excision by severing the remaining bridges of tissue with a pair of fine scissors. Most surgeons now prefer the hand trephine and believe that

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRUS DISEASES IN PLANTS

Summary.In this paper the movement in the plant of the causative agent of virus disease is discussed. The relevant data in the literature are summarised.A method is described whereby a portion of the stem in the middle of a tomato plant was killed either by chloroform or by steam. In this way the living upper and lower portions of the plant were connected by a bridge of dead tissue. It is shown that the symptoms appeared in that part of the plant in which the inoculation was made. The virus agent did not travel across the dead region.The xylem tracts were not materially affected by this treatment, and water travelled across the region. Evidence of this is the fact that the distal portion remained turgid and sometimes continued growth for a considerable time. If the stem were removed above the ground level and put into eosin solution, this travelled readily over the dead tissue. That the vessels were not occluded by protein plugs is shown by the fact that particulate substances were carried up the xylem tracts past the dead region.No evidence of adsorption of the virus agent to the cell remains could be adduced, so it is assumed that it was not travelling in the xylem stream.

RIEDEL'S LOBE SIMULATING NEPHROPTOSIS

When scanning the literature for cases of Riedel's lobe of the liver, one finds amazingly few reported. I garnered from those cases that had been reported that the majority showed an error in diagnosis preoperatively; therefore I think it advisable to report these conditions when they do occur, so as to enable the operator to have them in mind when rendering a diagnosis. The lobe was originally described in 1888, by Riedel,1as a linguiform lobulation, or tonguelike prolongation of the anterior margin of the right lobe of the liver. This tonguelike process is attached to the liver proper either by a small bridge of hepatic tissue, or occasionally by merely fibrous tissue. One anatomist, writing in the early eighties, said that it occurred in as high as 30 per cent. of women over 40, but in only 15 per cent. of men. At this time he ascribed the

Safety Procedures in the Operation of Senile Cataract

<h2>Abstract</h2> This paper gives certain practical measures for avoiding dangers that beset cataract extraction. It especially emphasizes the value of complete anesthesia; and of leaving a bridge of tissue in the corneal incision until the speculum is withdrawn, when it may be divided with the scissors.

TWINE IN LIEU OF THE ELASTIC LIGATURE FOR PERFORMING GASTROENTEROSTOMY.

During the past winter two innovations have been practiced at the surgical laboratory of Columbia University. They consisted in the carrying out of suggestions1made in a previous communication from the laboratory, to-wit: First, that gastroenterostomy might be successfully practiced with the use of a triangular instead of a quadrangular stitch; and second, that the material for inserting the stitch might be twine instead of the elastic ligature. Weir objected to the technic as originally devised by McGraw, because he feared that the patency of the opening might be affected by bridges of tissue establishing themselves between the margins of the siit. He said that if a method could be found by which the elastic could be made to punch out, it would stem to be ideal. Two students of the Columbia Medical School finally perfected the stitch. They were Messrs. Kussler and Thomas, and they should receive full credit