Bridge Layout Research Articles

A process model for knowledge-based concrete bridge design

Modeling the design process is an important step in knowledge-based system (KBS) development. This involves a thorough examination of the application domain, and an identification of the required artificial intelligence techniques for the development of KBS. This paper presents one such research programme, carried out in the domain of concrete road bridge design. KBSs for bridge design have been traditionally implemented as production rule systems. This paper argues that an integration of AI-based problem-solving techniques is necessary to address the various tasks of bridge design. It has been demonstrated that a design process model based on rule-based inference, synthesis and critical evaluation techniques is required to address the knowledge-intensive tasks of site selection, bridge layout planning, conceptual design and preliminary design of concrete road bridges, in an efficient manner.

Planning and design of bridges

This book addresses the problems of planning and designing steel and concrete bridge superstructures and substructures. Following a review of historic bridges and periods of intense bridge construction, chapters examine bridge location and layout, design methods for spanning rivers, structural systems, superstructures and substructures, aesthetics, design codes and specifications, design trends, techniques for comparing among alternative bridge schemes, and computerized planning and design.

Redesign of Bridge Layout and Equipment for Fishing Vessels

SummaryThe safety on board medium-sized fishing vessels in relation to working conditions on the bridge is analysed by means of a problem-solving method developed by the Safety Science Group of the Delft University of Technology. The potential of the method is illustrated by a number of case studies on selected aspects of the bridge design, since a complete application of the method is not yet available.

Low-distortion detection system for frequency-swept ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry

A high-performance frequency-swept capacitance bridge detector for ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) spectrometry has been constructed in our laboratory. Although the basic design of the system is similar to that of previously reported bridge circuits, careful design, layout, construction, and component selection have resulted in excellent frequency-swept performance over a bandwidth of 15 kHz to 1 MHz. At a magnetic field strength of 1.0 T, this corresponds to a mass range of 15–1000 Daltons. Problems with base-line drift and frequency-dependent signal distortion common to many other designs have been significantly reduced. Circuit diagrams are included for all parts of the detector and frequency response curves have been included where appropriate. In addition, several simple circuit diagrams for support devices have also been included.

An Automated Integrated Ship's Bridge Layout

The rapid developments of mini-computer technology and the introduction of integrated navigational electronic equipment in ships calls for a reappraisal of bridge design as a matter of urgency. Several research projects have been carried out in recent years and all have concluded that ‘a completely fresh outlook is required rather than work on existing designs and on methods which are regarded as both accepted and acceptable’. Shipowners and shipbuilders need to understand the requirements of the men who will be responsible for the safe handling and navigation of the ship and to choose between stagnant inefficiency and economical gain through proficiency. The standard central command-post layout design should comprise flexible units adaptable to every type of merchant ship, except of course such specialized vessels as oil rigs.

JUSTIFICATION OF BRIDGE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS BASED ON MULTI-SUPPORT SPRINKLER MACHINES

The article notes the importance of developments aimed at expanding the functionality of multi-support sprinkler machines, based on the bridge design and layout scheme of their spans. The main features of bridge units are similar in many ways to those of wide-reach sprinkler machines of the Kuban-LK1 type, a basic element that (a truss span with a support cart) can be taken as a separate module. At the same time, it is proved that the effectiveness of the design and application of a single-span circular bridge module is determined, to a large extent, based on its main purpose (sprinkling), the types and schemes of placement of rain-forming devices, as well as the design of running systems. Justified and recommended for use on the Kuban-LK1 DM irrigation of soil-seeing schemes of placement of sprinklers with the results of a positive assessment as an example of one of the methods (scheme 1) in the field are given. Based on the above, the driving systems for the self-propelled DM bridge trolley of circular action on moderate rigid wheels, pneumatic tires (figures 6,7,8 and 9), and crawler and walking engines were proved and tested positively. The analysis of technical solutions for running systems of sprinkler machines "Kuban-LK1" and the development of technical proposals on the basis of it to reduce their compacting effects on the soil allowed us to tentatively determine, based on the strength characteristics of the surface of the soil, the zones of their application. The experience of creating, on the basis of the above studies, an experimental section with a module based on the DM "Kuban-LK1", a bridge type with a preliminary expert assessment of its work is given. Analysis of search studies has shown that electrified multi-support sprinkler machines of the Kuban-LK1 type, when optimizing their rain-forming and running systems, can serve as a base and be fully used when creating multi-support bridge units with minor design modifications. In addition, the machine can be used as a power supply system to power other means of mechanization that work in the same process with it.