Bridge Aesthetics Research Articles

Minimally invasive and aesthetic rehabilitation of missing maxillary anterior teeth with indirect fiber reinforced composite bridge: A case report

Missing anterior teeth is still a common problem affecting the patient's psychological and social life. Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRC) bridge is a promising alternative treatment to replace missing anterior teeth. The indirect FRC method can be a solution to reduce chairside time and optimize bridge aesthetics. Patients with missing maxillary central incisors were planned for indirect FRC bridge treatment. Reduction of palatal abutment area (maxillary central incisors and canines) using a diamond bur and taking impressions using a two-step putty wash technique. Fabrication of FRC bridges by an indirect method in the laboratory with polyethylene fiber and composite resin. The insertion procedure starts with surface treatment with etching (37% Phosphoric Acid) on the reduced abutment area. The FRC bridge was cemented using self-adhesive resin cement. Indirect FRC bridge provides treatment results with high esthetics and maximally preserves tooth tissue. It is minimally invasive to tooth tissue, so it can be an alternative treatment for missing anterior teeth. Patients showed high satisfaction with this treatment.

Teaching Design Model of Bridge Aesthetics Course Facing Ecological Landscape Sustainable Development

In recent years, ecological building of bridges has gradually begun to appear in cities, and this trend is conducive to the sustainable development of urban bridges and an ecological environment, promoting the development of emerging industries around cities and driving the development of the urban economy. Bridges’ ecological aesthetic design cannot be separated from ecological aesthetics, and the relationship between these two factors is complementary and inseparable. This paper focuses on the relationship between the teaching of a bridge aesthetic design course and ecological landscape sustainable development. Based on a visual impression hierarchy deep learning model and a statistical analysis of a questionnaire, including reliability and validity analyses, a teaching model for the design of landscape bridge structure systems was constructed. Landscape bridge structure systems combine the dimensions of function, form, mechanics, and culture, and the teaching design model of landscape bridges must include non-professional students, undergraduate students, graduate students, and graduates working in enterprises. Investigations were performed of the urban block landscape, water environment landscape, urban garden landscape, and landscape bridges within natural mountain landscapes. The results showed that: (1) the influence and role of landscape aesthetics related to the water environment and urban garden landscapes are the most important; (2) in the teaching of a bridge aesthetics course, sustainable ecological development must consider the aesthetic value of landscape bridges while ensuring function and safety; and (3) for students at different learning stages, the focus in terms of bridge aesthetic system elements is different. Both the bridge structural landscape configuration and the ecological aesthetics must be considered together during the teaching of bridge aesthetics design courses. To achieve such a goal, students at different levels must have a good understanding of ecologically sustainable development and bridge aesthetics.

Comparative Study of Wide Deck Box Girder Bridge Superstructures

Abstract: Box Girder superstructures are most popular type amongst all other type bridge superstructures and are extensively used. Nowadays to provide better riding quality and in order to reduce number of substructures and foundations for more clear space underneath, long span continuous or integral type bridge superstructures are preferred. For longer span bridges to reduce dead load and to utilize material to its capacity cellular sections are the most efficient sections in this regard. Box girder is one of the cellular sections. In metropolitan cities one of the restrictions is the availability of land to widen the existing roads. Present trend is to use wide deck bridge superstructure to utilize surface level and elevated level space more efficiently. Bridge aesthetics are also important as bridges are located in metro cities, tourist’s places. In wide deck bridges, ribbed cantilever slab or cantilever with supporting struts are used to impart transverse stiffness while further reducing dead load of the superstructure deck. Three different types of box girder superstructures are studied to inspect their behaviour in longitudinal and in transverse direction. Analysis of three different types of box girder superstructures has been carried out using software CSI SAP2000 and analysis results are presented and compared. In this parametric study various parameters of mechanical behaviour such as deflection, shear lag, effects, bending stresses in transverse direction are compared. Keywords: Box girder, Cellular sections, mechanical behaviour, shear lag, Bridge aesthetics

Design of By-Pass Excitation Cable Force Sensor

With the continuous progress of bridge technology and the requirements for bridge aesthetics, cable technology is increasingly widely used in long-span bridges. Due to the long-term environment of alternating stress, corrosion and wind-induced vibration, it is easy to cause local fatigue and damage of the cables, which endangers the safety of the entire bridge structure. The sleeve cable force sensor based on magnetic flux method is widely used in practical engineering among many measurement methods. Existing sleeve cable force sensors need to be installed at the beginning of construction, so it is difficult to reinstall them in the follow-up, and its long-term performance is also difficult to evaluate and measure online. To solve this problem, this paper introduces the design of a kind of magnetic flux cable force sensor with by-pass excitation, and presents its measuring principle and design structure. The designed by-pass excitation cable force sensor is expected to solve the problem of the existing sleeve sensor.

The influence of innovation on the aesthetics of bridges

The influence of innovative solutions in bridge engineering on the aesthetic appearance of the created bridge structures is considered. It is noted that Robert Maillart paid great attention to the aesthetic possibilities of reinforced concrete when creating bridges. At the same time, he chose from all the options the most aesthetically appealing, but inexpensive design solutions for bridges. As an example, Salginatobel Bridge is considered in which rational power flows, low construction costs, and rich aesthetic value are embodied in a single structure. In the bridges of R. Maillart, innovation is the link that provides the link between an effective economic solution and an expressive aesthetic look. A group of engineers implementing an effective technology for the structural design of bridges and including Thomas Telford, Gustav Eiffel, Othmar H. Ammann is briefly discussed. It is noted that in recently built bridges, instead of an efficient economy, we find rather extravagance and inefficient use of resources. An example of a bridge structure with such weakness is the Esplanade Riel Pedestrian Bridge pedestrian bridge. Analyzed 5 factors necessary for the successful implementation of innovations that create aesthetic bridges: (1) the possibility of introducing innovations; (2) the presence of designers who are willing and able to introduce innovations; (3) the presence of designers who could create aesthetic bridges; (4) the presence of customers (owners) of bridges who would accept innovations; (5) the presence of customers who would not reject aesthetically expressive designs.

Forms and Aesthetics of Bridges

Abstract The objective of a bridge design is to produce a safe bridge that is elegant and satisfies all functionality requirements, at a cost that is acceptable to the owner. A successful bridge design must be natural, simple, original, and harmonious with its surroundings. Aesthetics is not an additional consideration in the design of a bridge, but is rather an integral part of bridge design. Both the structural configuration and the aesthetics of a bridge must be considered together during the conceptual design stage. To achieve such a task, the bridge design engineer must have a good understanding of structural theory and bridge aesthetics.

Analysis of applicability of bridge aesthetics postulates to the problem of bridge designing

Analysis of applicability of bridge aesthetics postulates to the problem of bridge designing

Criteria for assessment of bridge aesthetic and visual quality

The bridge designers should find an ideal balance between structure, economy, buildability, aesthetics, durability and harmony with industrial or natural landscape. During the last years, the society has adopted documents providing procedures for evaluation of the impact of the structural appearance on surrounding landscape. The European Landscape Convention defines the landscape as an area perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. The Convention indicates the methods for clear and objective assessment of the landscape’s visual qualities. The esthetical qualities of bridge structures, appearance and attraction should satisfy not only the technicians - engineers and architects, but mostly the surrounding population. Each of these groups has a different perception of esthetical qualities of structure. Many authors have used different methods and criteria for assessment of bridge aesthetics. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the bridge aesthetic and visual quality assessment methods and criteria.

A Research of the Bridge Structure Form Selection Based on the Mountains City Bridge Aaesthetics

Along with the rapid development of science and technology since the 19th century, the traditional design concept gradually replace the application of new materials, new structure and new skills by bridge engineers study. In people's living standards continue to improve conditions need to be the engineer devised a more perfect, more harmonious bridge to meet the spiritual needs of people. Modern bridge design should not only is a simple mechanical design, structure, construction, but also should be with the perfect combination of philosophy and aesthetics. How to make the bridge satisfy engineering specification, appearance and perfect coordination with the surrounding landscape, is an important topic of the current bridge construction. This paper probes into the basic principles of the mountains bridge aesthetics, with Two- river bridge as the example shows that the bridge aesthetics take the important role in bridge design,and reference for the related projects.

A Bridge is More Than a Bridge: Aesthetics, Cost and Ethics in Bridge Design

A utilitarian economic approach dominates most engineering decisions, often confusing between cost and value. The consequences of this approach in bridge design have led to extremes of deficiency and excess: standardization of short- and medium-span bridges that underestimate appearance and context on the one hand and construction of iconic bridges on the other. Such bridges, even if they are not often built, have a great impact on the perception of bridge engineering. The general notion is that bridge aesthetics will result in a greater economic burden. This is not true. This increase only happens if we understand aesthetics as superfluous and not as something that is intrinsic to the work itself.

수로교 경관 개선을 위한 미학적 설계법

Many of old aqueduct bridges located in rural areas are in need of repair and redesign. They still occupy some portion of countryside landscaping. However, most of them were designed to fulfill their basic functions of carrying waters, which has not contributed to the landscape positively. Moreover, it is not rational to treat each design case of aqueduct bridges individually because they are relatively small in size and arranged continuously over a long path. Therefore, it is better to provide a design guideline to repair or to redesign old aqueduct bridges as a whole considering both structural safety and landscape. The main objective is to develop a framework to repair and redesign of old aqueduct bridges for safety improvement and better landscape. Specifically this paper will address the development of possible design alternatives for repair and redesign The development of design alternatives for redesign will follow general principle of bridge aesthetics and be represented according to structural system, flume shape, pier height, pier shape in terms of design parameters while minor repair includes paintings and other ornamentations. And the developed design alternatives will be reviewed with its landscape as a background to check the visual compatibility within the community context. It is expected that the proposed guideline will be utilized to develop a maintenance plan to revitalize old aqueduct bridges to improve overall landscape of rural areas.

Bridge Technology and Aesthetics of Chinese Poetey in Bridge Design

With the human environment requirements gradually increase, besides the bridge construction in engineering structure function, the aesthetic requirements are also caused the wide attention, which hide different history and culture related with the current existing social reality. The history and culture are presented by many styles; the Chinese poetry is one of way in China bridge design and construction. This paper focuses on the aesthetic of Chinese poetry in the design of Chinese bridge construction and also points out the modern bridge design points.

Bridge architecture in Japan

A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacle such as a body of water, city, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Bridges are a unique offshoot of architecture and possess their own associated terms, components and styles. This paper presents the second part of Japanese bridges by investigating architectural aspects of its design. Limited usable land in heavily populated areas of Japan has often necessitated the design of unique bridge approaches. One of such design is the spiral viaduct bridge approach. When this design is used, care is taken to make the structures aesthetically appealing. An important reason for the bridge construction will lead into a critical study of bridge aesthetics and structural design. According to the configuration of frameworks, bridges may be described as arched, girdered and cable stayed or suspension. Refereeing to Japanese bridges, those most frequently provided cable stayed in the construction of bridges are important factor in architecture and bridges aesthetic. This paper presents a brief history of bridge design in Japan, and then discusses the influence of technical factors on Japan bridges design. Key words: Bridge architecture, Japan, cable stayed, aesthetic, grid box, arched.

English

Science and technology, which for ages, were symbols of human greatness and were thought to lead mankind to welfare and happiness, has come to invoke anxiety and fear. The human race is losing belief in technological civilization and no longer approves the forces that created it. Increasingly, science and technology are seen as useful only when they operate within appropriate social limits. This particularly concerns the architectural aspects and civil engineering, which is almost the oldest profession in the world and which is always a showcase of technology. A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacle such as a body of water, city, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. This paper presents the first part of Japanese bridges by investigating architectural aspects of its design. An important aspect of bridge construction will lead into a critical study of bridge aesthetics and structural design. According to the configuration of frameworks, bridges may be described as arched, girder, cable-stayed or suspension. Referring to Japanese bridges, those that most frequently provide cable-stayed frameworks in the construction work of bridges are an important factor in architecture and aesthetic of bridges.   Key words: Bridge architecture, Japan, cable stayed, aesthetic, grid box, arched.

橋梁景観の定量的評価法に関する比較検討

In this paper, discussion is made on the quantitative estimation methods of bridge aesthetics. To estimate the bridge aesthetics, a lot of methods are proposed. In this paper, three quantitative methods are selected, and their results are compared. The methods discussed in this paper are (1) the method using the psycho-vectors, (2) the method using fractal dimensions of states and (3) the method to estimate the aesthetic measure using the colour harmony theorem. The method (1) and (2) are provided to estimate the shape and the formation of the bridges and their background, and the method (3) is to evaluate the colour of the bridges, and 21 scenes including a bridge are tested. From this study, followings are found; bridges having the arch structure are generally well estimated by the psycho-vector method and the fractal dimension method, (2) the psycho-vector method gives lower evaluation on the cable stayed bridges, (3) relatively low evaluations are made by the fractal dimension method for the near and medium view rather than the distant view.

Static and Aero-Dynamic Studies on Cable-Stayed Bridges using Steel Pipe-Girders

Two types of new cable-supported bridges using steel pipe-girders and steel orthotropic decks have been proposed in this paper: the two-pipe-girder bridge with two cable planes and the three-pipe-girder bridge with one cable plane. The cable-stayed bridges with a main span of 500 m were designed for these new bridge systems and validated to be feasible by static analyses. Wind tunnel tests were conducted in order to investigate the aerodynamic behaviour of these bridges. For the two-pipe-girder bridge models torsional flutter occurred at a wind speed – over 75,0 m/s for the attack angle of 0o and +3o. In the three-pipe-girder bridge models torsional flutter occurred at a wind speed of over 115 m/s and the three-pipe-girder bridges showed superb aero-dynamic stability. Aesthetics of these new bridges were also studied by computer graphics and wood models, which showed that the new bridges are not only structurally rational but also – attractive, impressive and in harmony with the surrounding environments.

Aesthetics, Design-Build, and Workhorse Bridges

Design requirements for workhorse bridges, such as highway overpasses, underpasses, and interchange ramps, traditionally have been oriented to addressing site constraints, conforming to codes and standards, meeting utilitarian needs, and minimizing construction costs. This practice of exclusively addressing economic and utilitarian requirements has often resulted in a highway landscape that the public characterizes as monotonous or disconnected from the surrounding urban or natural environment. This concern regarding the aesthetics of workhorse bridges has been voiced during the public involvement process. However, many projects are financially constrained, and there is often no dedicated budget for aesthetic enhancements. One of the challenges facing the workhorse bridge designer is how to define cost-effective design strategies to respond to public concerns regarding aesthetics. One approach to addressing aesthetic concerns on workhorse bridges has been developed by design-build teams. Transportation agency owners increasingly have used the design-build process for construction of highway construction projects. Increasingly, the scope of contemporary design-build projects includes requirements related to their visual character. Some of the approaches and strategies to aesthetics that design-build teams have developed are examined, and suggestions are made for ways that these can be applied to more conventional procurement methods. In addition, a case study of a project on I-25 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is presented to illustrate the relationship of a designer-builder's approach to aesthetics.

Study on the point aimed at in the Bridge Aesthetics of Viaduct

Study on the point aimed at in the Bridge Aesthetics of Viaduct

History and Aesthetics of the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge

This paper is a study of the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge. Othmar Ammann’s bridge, completed in 1939, has strong similarities to the ill-fated Tacoma Narrows, sharing many structural characteristics. While the New York bridge has served well for two-thirds of a century, the deck has oscillated noticeably for most of its lifetime; in attempts to calm these motions, the Whitestone has undergone an unusual number of retrofits—in 1940, 1946, 1988, and a new retrofit begun in 2003. From a historical perspective, these retrofits have kept pace with the development of suspension bridge technology, each representing the state of the art at the time they were implemented. We can therefore view the Whitestone as a valuable physical record of developments in the profession’s understanding of structural vibrations and aerodynamics. The goal of this paper is to place these retrofits in context, as well as to evaluate them on technical and aesthetic levels.

Bridge Aesthetics: A Discipline in Need of a More Effective Language

A study of bridge aesthetics literature is partially documented. This literature has been and continues to be characterized by jargon and loose, undefined terminology. If the bridge engineering profession is to develop means by which the more routinely successful designers can record their observations and aesthetics advice for posterity in meaningful terms, aesthetics terminology must be changed, defined, and illustrated to such an extent that thought can be given a sharper focus and meanings made clearer. Brief as the documentation is, it nevertheless can help to explain why some papers and significant portions of books and aesthetics design manuals are beyond the comprehension of those for whom the literature was expressly intended. It is hoped that as bridge aesthetics specialists and enthusiasts become more aware of the verbal problems associated with past and present bridge aesthetics writings, concerted efforts can be made to improve aesthetics terminology and eventually achieve a more effective bridge aesthetics language.