Brick Workers Research Articles

The Effect Of Pm2.5 Dust Exposure On Mda And 8-Ohdg Urine as an Oxidative Stress Indication Of Brick Workers in Mojokerto District, 2024

Exposure to PM2.5 dust could enter the human body through inhalation and have a negative impact on health through the mechanism of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the respiratory tract, where the remaining ROS could burn cell nuclei and produce a byproduct in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, oxygen radicals that could enter cells could burn DNA and produce 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). High levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in the body reflect high levels of oxidative stress. Analyze sis influence on pap a ran PM 2.5 was an indication of oxidative stress through examination of urine MDA and 8-OHdG levels in brick-making workers in Mojokerto. Regency This type of research was observational and analytical, with a cross-sectional approach. There was an influence of exposure to PM 2.5 dust particles on MDA and 8-OHdG levels. MDA and 8-OHdG levels in the urine of workers at exposed locations were higher compared to workers at unexposed locations. The oxidative stress of workers in exposed locations was higher than that of workers in unexposed locations.

Analisis Produktivitas Pekerja Pada Pekerjaan Pondasi dan Pemasangan Batu Bata Dengan Metode Work Study

Work productivity is an element where the success of a project requires effective time and cost. This study aims to determine the productivity of foundation and brick workers. The work study method is an operations management technique used to increase work efficiency. The results of the analysis on foundation work with 2 groups (1 worker and 1 worker) using work study and AHSP 2021 for 1m3 with 1:3:10 specs obtained a productivity of 12.92 1m3 for 3 working days with a cost per 1m3 using the work study method, namely Rp.639,306 and AHSP 2021 Rp.782,517 with a difference of Rp. 143,211. The total cost of workers in foundation work using the work study method is IDR 8,257,273 and the 2021 AHSP is IDR 10,106,990 with a difference of IDR 1,849,717. In brick work with 1 group (1 mason 1 worker) using work study and AHSP 2021 for 1m2 with 1:3:10 specs, the productivity is 106.99 m2 for 9 working days with a cost per 1m2 using the work study method, namely Rp.60,696 and AHSP 2021 Rp.68,834 with a difference of Rp.8,138. The total cost of workers on brick work using the work study method is IDR 6,488,408 and AHSP 2021 is IDR 7,358,312 with a difference of IDR 869,904.

Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution among Brick Workers in Nepal

Prior studies suggest brick workers in Nepal may be chronically exposed to hazardous levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from ambient, occupational, and household sources. However, findings from these studies were based on stationary monitoring data, and thus may not reflect a worker’s individual exposures. In this study, we used RTI International’s MicroPEMs to collect 24 h PM2.5 personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples among brick workers (n = 48) to estimate daily exposures from ambient, occupational, and household air pollution sources. Participants were sampled from five job categories at one kiln. The geometric mean (GM) PM2.5 exposure across all participants was 116 µg/m3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.03, 143.42). Job category was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with PBZ PM2.5 concentrations. There were significant pairwise differences in geometric mean (GM) PBZ PM2.5 concentrations among workers in administration (GM: 47.92, 95% CI: 29.81, 77.03 µg/m3) vs. firemen (GM: 163.46, 95 CI: 108.36, 246.58 µg/m3, p = 0.003), administration vs. green brick hand molder (GM: 163.35, 95% CI: 122.15, 218.46 µg/m3, p < 0.001), administration vs. top loader (GM: 158.94, 95% CI: 102.42, 246.66 µg/m3, p = 0.005), firemen vs. green brick machine molder (GM: 73.18, 95% CI: 51.54, 103.90 µg/m3, p = 0.03), and green brick hand molder vs. green brick machine molder (p = 0.008). Temporal exposure trends suggested workers had chronic exposure to hazardous levels of PM2.5 with little to no recovery period during non-working hours. Multi-faceted interventions should focus on the control of ambient and household air pollution and tailored job-specific exposure controls.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KAPASITA PARU PADA PEKERJA BATU BATA DI DESA TALANG BELIDO TAHUN 2022

Brick making is one of the informal home industries that has the potential for exposure to quite a lot of dust. At the time of initial observation of 10 workers, it was found that 70% of workers complained of shortness of breath. 70% of workers do not use masks when working, even though a workplace full of dust has the potential to cause respiratory problems for workers. The purpose of the study was to determine factors related to lung capacity in brick workers in Talang Belido Village. The research design used a cross sectional design. The research sample was 38 brick workers in Talang Belido Village. The sampling technique used was total sampling technique. This research was conducted in June 2022 in Talang Belido Village. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Data collection techniques by means of interviews and observations. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi square test. A total of 15.8% of respondents have heavy lung capacity, 55.3% of respondents have moderate lung capacity, 52.6% of respondents work with risky dust levels, 71.1% of respondents have a long working period, 68.4% of respondents have a smoking habit. , 47.4% of respondents do not use masks. Bivariate results showed that there was a relationship between dust levels (p=0.034), smoking habits (p=0.021), use of masks (p=0.001) and lung capacity in brick workers in Talang Belido Village. There is no relationship between length of service (0.692) and lung capacity of brick workers in Talang Belido Village.

Assessment of inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate and exposure to mixtures of organic pollutants in brick workers.

Brick production causes a lot of pollution in the form of dust, fumes, and toxic substances. Therefore, brick workers are highly exposed to pollutants and present a high risk of developing respiratory diseases. The objective of this research was to determine the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toluene in urine and evaluate the effects on health using markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as well as the exposure to pollutants in suspended particles of the studied area. Exposure to PAHs and toluene was evaluated using hydroxylated markers (OH) of PAHs and hippuric acid in urine, respectively. Cytokines like TNF-α, INF-y, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 y GMCSF in EBC were also evaluated. PM2.5 particles were measured during an 8-h work shift. The results in brick workers presented a total OH-PAHs concentration of 97.3µg/L and hippuric acid concentration of 0.2g/L. The environmental concentrations of suspended particles were found within a range of 41.67-3541.6μg/m3. The median of cytokines oscillated between 11.8pg/mL to 1041pg/mL. In conclusion, these results are similar to those of occupations in which there is high exposure to pollutants and populations with lung diseases. For that reason, the brick production sector requires prevention and control strategies against the pollutants emitted.

Why are Silica Dust Exposures and Silica-Related Health Effects Still a Global Concern?

Background and aim Epidemiology studies of workers exposed to silica dust demonstrate that crystalline SiO2 is a multipotential hazard. Research among construction workers, miners, ceramic and brick workers, countertops workers, and sandblasters where respirable silica dust levels has been measured has demonstrated excess risk for silicosis, cor pulmopale, silica-tuberculosis (SiTB), several chronic respiratory conditions, coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP), several auto-immune diseases, and cancers of the lung and gastro-intestinal tract. Methods Despite knowledge of these links over the past decades, occupational and environmental health professionals have not been able to address three new silica-related health issues. They are silicosis and CWP among US coal miners, severe silicosis and auto-immune ailments among countertop workers; and ongoing risk for SiTB among Africa miners. The author examined the literature for other novel silica-related health risks. Results Current workers and their managers seem to not have sufficient awareness of the occupational hazards of silica dust. There are new silica dust concerns including fracking sand, railroad ballast, and dust control in countertop machining. There are new cancer links with silica, including women and nonsmokers with excess lung cancer; excess lung cancer among patients with CWP; children’s dust exposure in small-scale gold mining; and excess lung diseases and pulmonary cancer among railroad workers. There is need for research on improved silica sampling techniques and protective gear. Pathologists should explore whether silicosis leads to differences in cell characteristics that produce silica-linked lung cancers compared to ‘garden variety’ malignancies. Conclusion Despite promises that global silica problems were controlled, that seems to be countered by excesses of CWP and SiTB that still bedevil the occupational medicine and public health communities. We need more worker education, prevention or regulatory policy, and basic silica biology and pathology to effectively intervene. Keywords Silica health effects, future prevention efforts; improved sampling methods

Ergonomic Risk Analysis with Complaints of Musculoscletal Disorders in Red Brick Workers

Disorders that occur in the skeletal muscles that are felt by individuals ranging from mild to very severe complaints, namely Musculoskeletal Disorders. MSDs complaints can be caused by incorrect work position or attitude, exposure to vibrations, repeated heavy lifting of weights, bending, prolonged sitting, geometry of the spinal lumbar canal and others. This study aimed to determine musculoskeletal complaints in red brick new workers and the factors that influence them. This research method uses descriptive analytic research with a cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in February 2021 in Tanah Putih Village, Kupang Regency, with 40 red brick workers. The independent variable of this research was ergonomic risk and the dependent variable is musculoskeletal disorders. The measuring tool used the nordic body map and a questionnaire. The first step was the creation of a questionnaire in the form of a table containing a list of body parts and a dichotomous scale for pain assessment. Data analysis technique used chi square. The results showed that there were three factors causing musculoskeletal disorders and the two factors had no relationship. Years of work, smoking behavior, work attitudes, working hours have a relationship with musculoskeletal disorders, whereas age and workload have no relationship with musculoskeletal disorders. Suggestions in research for new red brick workers must pay attention to and improve their work attitude, so they can avoid musculoskeletal complaints.

Education, Age and Gender: Critical Factors in Determining Interventions for Child Brick Workers in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Working in factories fashioning bricks by hand seems the epitome of hazardous child labor. Yet, efforts to remove children from this work have shown little success; impoverished families balance the value of their children’s contribution against the risks they see. Unfortunately, psychosocial impacts are often not visible, and are rarely taken into consideration when designing interventions. A comprehensive occupational health study of children working in brick factories included a module on psychosocial risks and impacts. This analysis reports on the Pakistan and Afghanistan portion of the study which was administered to 450 child brick workers and 486 controls, aged 11–17. Factorial ANOVAs confirmed that working in brick factories was the strongest predictor of respondent’s psychosocial health. However, they also identified subgroups of children that escape this prediction. Older girls, for example, actually felt better when working, compared with staying at home. Schooling had positive associations, especially in younger boys and adolescent girls. In fact, the results of this study showed that those who are at greatest psychosocial risk were girls who do not go to school. These findings underscore the importance of assessing psychosocial impacts and tailoring policy and interventions to specific gender and age categories of young workers.

Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain (LBP) pada Pekerja Perajin Batu Bata di Kabupaten Seluma

Occupational health absolutely must be implemented in work, both informal and formal industries. Activities that can cause health problems are improper work attitudes such as sitting, standing, bending, squatting, walking, and others. Health problems related to work attitudes are complaints of low back pain (LBP). This type of research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. Research respondents are brick workers in Babatan Seluma Village with 60 workers. Data were obtained by interviewing the respondents' characteristics, years of service, work attitudes, and complaints of LBP. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between variables and the logistic regression test to determine the factors most at risk for the occurrence of complaints. The results showed that 51.70% of the respondents were less than 40 years old, the respondent's working period of more than 10 years was 51.80%, and most of the respondents (56.70%) had non-ergonomic work attitudes. This study shows a relationship between age, tenure, and work attitude towards LBP complaints with a p-value (0.040; 0.050; 0.016). Workers are expected to work according to an ergonomic work attitude to avoid LBP complaints.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REBUSAN AIR JAHE TERHADAP LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA PEMBUAT BATU BATA

Low Back Painis a musculoskeletal disorder which located at the lower-back, is caused by several of diseases and many of bad activities of the body. One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be used in reducing the low back pain’ssuffer of the patients is ginger water. This research aimisto find out the effect of ginger waterto decrease pain intensity in the low back pain patient. This researchis pre-experimentalwith the design of the pre-testand post-test one group design.The research design used a research design with a quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental approach. The population in this study were 35 workers who made bricks and sample taken using a total sampling that was 35workers. Data collection methods were primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results showed the p value = 0.000, with a degree of error (α) = 5%, p value <0.05, which means that there is an effect of giving boiled ginger water on low back pain in brick-making workers in Beringin District in 2021. The conclusion shows that there is an effect of giving boiled ginger water on low back pain in brick-making workers in Beringin District in 2021. It is suggested that brick workers can make ginger boiled water as a method to reduce complaints of low back pain.

Hard and Invisible Bricks in the Wall: An Empirical Investigation on Gender, Caste, and Health Among Migrant Brick Workers in South India

The current cross-sectional study is on the pathetic and excruciating conditions of employees in the brick industry conducted using a mixed-method approach in selected kilns from the four Districts of Karnataka State, South India. India is the country producing the highest number of bricks after China. Economic coercion is pushing the massive poor, especially the women labourers to engage in hard physical labour to survive. This study has explored that labourers in the brick industry are being exploited and excluded in voluminous ways. Caste plays a predominant role while hiring, wage fixation, and assigning the job at kilns. Women labour is being devalued in the name of the traditional and irrational social construction of gender. Sexual exploitations, low payment, restless work, harassment, absence of labour laws, are common here. It is found that rigid intergenerational occupational mobility into unorganised sectors among lower-caste people, as well as intra/intra-community social networks, among brick workers, are being called into question. We conclude that this is the time to think about the ‘National Register of Interstate Migrants’ and ‘National Mission to the Brick Industry’ in the context of the post-economic situation of COVID-19.

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Wood Fire and LPG Cookstove Homes of Nepali Brick Workers

Household air pollution is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to particles ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5). The toxicity of PM2.5, however, depends on its physical properties and chemical composition. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the chemical composition of PM2.5 in brick workers’ homes (n = 16) based on use of wood cooking fire or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves. We collected samples using RTI International particulate matter (PM) exposure monitors (MicroPEMs). We analyzed filters for 33 elements using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and, for black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), integrating sphere optical transmittance. Wood fire homes had significantly higher concentrations of BC (349 µg/m3) than LPG homes (6.27 µg/m3, p < 0.0001) or outdoor air (5.36 µg/m3, p = 0.002). Indoor chlorine in wood fire homes averaged 5.86 µg/m3, which was approximately 34 times the average level in LPG homes (0.17 µg/m3, p = 0.0006). Similarly, potassium in wood fire homes (4.17 µg/m3) was approximately four times the level in LPG homes (0.98 µg/m3, p = 0.001). In all locations, we found aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, silicon, and titanium in concentrations exceeding those shown to cause respiratory effects in other studies. Our findings suggest the need for multi-faceted interventions to improve air quality for brick workers in Nepal.

Forgotten Contributors in the Brick Sector in Nepal.

Brick making in Nepal is an informal sector that is still highly labor intensive. It employs transient workers who are extremely marginalized and exposed to poor working and living conditions. This study assesses the working and living conditions of male and female brick workers and their children and looks to address the main issues and challenges to promote decent living and working conditions in the brick factories through action research. A rapid needs assessment was conducted to take stock of the working and living conditions of male and female workers across five provinces in Nepal. Subsequently, selected pilot interventions through stakeholder consultations were initiated to address these issues and challenges. There are a host of challenges faced by these workers in the factories, with the main issues being occupational health and safety and childcare/education for workers’ children. The study suggests that the working and living conditions of the workers can be improved by incentivizing the brick entrepreneurs to invest in them, thus creating a more productive workforce. Moreover, the findings from the pilot interventions can help in the design of effective solutions.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SAFETY TALK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) PADA PEKERJA BATU BATA

The level of achievement of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) implementation in brick factories in Indonesia is very low. One of the ways to implement OHS is by conducting safety talk. giving of safety behavior materials is expected to make workers obedient to the use of PPE and increase workers knowledge about PPE. This research was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental, quasi-experimental approach to the research design using pre-test and post-test. Determination of the number of samples used the purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 34 workers. The Data collection was carried out by interviewed using a questionnaire and observation sheet. The independent variable in this study was safety talk while the dependent variable is compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Evaluation of Compliance with the use of PPE is in the compliance category (55.9%). Statistical tests used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with α = 0.05. The results of the analysis showed that there was an effect of providing safety talk on obedience with the use of PPE on brick workers in Sidourip Village, Beringin District in 2020, namely (0.002 ≤ 0.05). The conclusion of this study was that there is an influence between safety talk with obedience with the use of PPE. The advice that can be given is that every brick worker must use PPE and attend safety talk activities.

Correlation of Hot Work Climate with Dehydration on Bricks Workers

Each workplace must have its own source of danger which can cause health problems or occupationaldiseases due to the exception of informal sector workers such as brick workers. Health problems that canbe experienced are dehydration caused by exposure to hot working climate. Incidence of dehydration cancause workers to get tired quickly and decrease productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze thecorrelation between hot working climate with dehydration on bricks workers in one of Mojosulur’s brickhome industries. Methodes of his research is an analytic observational study, with cross sectional design.The subjects of this study were all brick workers in one of the brick home industries in Mojosulur by 30respondents. The results of the study showed that most brick workers were dehydrated, varying in level,both moderate and severe dehydration. The results of statistical analysis show that the correlation coefficient(r = 0.638) which can be interpreted as a work climate factor has a strong correlation with the incidenceof dehydration Conclusion of this research on work climate and dehydration of brick workers in one ofMojosulur’s brick home industries have a very strong correlation.

Acute Respiratory Infection Among Brick Kiln Worker in Banjarnegara, Indonesia and Its Related Factors

Background Occupational risk factors are one of the primary causes of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The high incidence of ARI in Banjarnegara Regency due to the process of bricks manufacturing is needed for further investigation. Objectives: This study aims to analyze risk factors such as air quality, tenure, smoking habits, the use of masks, knowledge of ARI incidence. Methods: This is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. 342 of brick workers in three villages in Banjarnegara Regency were involved in this study. Air quality examination on dust particles, temperature, humidity, smoke, and air germ numbers was carried out in 15 of the brick kiln. Data about the duration of work, smoking habits, knowledge of ARI, and the use of masks were obtained by a structured questionnaire. Results: This study highlighted that the duration of work was the most influential variable in ARI incidence. Smoking habits and the use of personal protective equipment (mask) while working also correlated with ARI. Conclusion: This study suggested the regular use of a face mask while working to prevent the workers from dangerous pollutants. Periodic medical check-ups for workers and health education are also important prevention to be carried out to reduce ARI incidence.

Early Detection of Cartilage Degradation Among Heavy Manual Workers Using Serum Level of Collagen Type II Metabolite.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common health problems in brick manufacturers, where mechanical load leads to degenerative joint diseases. Collagen type II metabolite (C2C) is a small peptide excreted in urine, and its serum concentration can directly reflect articular cartilage decomposition. Early detection of musculoskeletal disorders among brick workers, using serum C2C as a biomarker of cartilage damage. This study involved 88 male brick workers in Arab Abu Saed matched to 88 age- and sex-matched controls. Full history taking, pain assessment using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and complete clinical examination were done for both groups. Serum C2C was measured using a competitive immunoassay method. Brick workers involved in the study were of a mean age 30.66 ± 7.90 years and mean work duration 14.80 ± 7.89 years, matched to 88 controls. The majority of the participants (77.3%) were of normal body mass index. An increase in pain/discomfort was found among the exposed group. Serum C2C had an increased mean among the exposed group compared with the control. Pearson correlation between serum C2C level, body mass index, age, and years of employment showed no correlation. Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among brick workers who adopt specific awkward postures, unhealthy working conditions, and nonexistent safety procedures, for prolonged periods. Detection of serum C2C level can be used as a predictive biomarker for the early detection of musculoskeletal disorders among brick workers.

Comparison of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cookstoves and Wood Cooking Fires on PM2.5 Trends in Brick Workers' Homes in Nepal.

Prior studies document a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms among brick workers in Nepal, which may be partially caused by non-occupational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from cooking. In this study, we compared PM2.5 levels and 24 h trends in brick workers’ homes that used wood or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking fuel. PM2.5 filter-based and real-time nephelometer data were collected for approximately 24 h in homes and outdoors. PM2.5 was significantly associated with fuel type and location (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons found significant differences between gas, indoor (geometric mean (GM): 79.32 μg/m3), and wood, indoor (GM: 541.14 μg/m3; p = 0.0002), and between wood, indoor, and outdoor (GM: 48.38 μg/m3; p = 0.0006) but not between gas, indoor, and outdoor (p = 0.56). For wood fuel homes, exposure peaks coincided with mealtimes. For LPG fuel homes, indoor levels may be explained by infiltration of ambient air pollution. In both wood and LPG fuel homes, PM2.5 levels exceeded the 24 h limit (25.0 µg/m3) proposed by the World Health Organization. Our findings suggest that increasing the adoption of LPG cookstoves and decreasing ambient air pollution in the Kathmandu valley will significantly lower daily PM2.5 exposures of brick workers and their families.

The spirit in the machine: Towards a spiritual geography of debt bondage and labour (im)mobility in Cambodian brick kilns

This paper draws on evidence from debt bonded brick workers in Cambodia to explore how animism and formal religion are articulated to retain workers in dangerous and difficult conditions. The paper shows first how factory labourers, owners, and local religious figures actively articulate spiritual beliefs by legitimising workers’ confinement to the kiln through moral recourse to Buddhist notions of merit, character, and destiny. Secondly, it shows how informal animist beliefs play a key role in shaping interpretations of, and responses to, the extreme physical conditions of the kilns. Thus, by exploring how superstition and religious beliefs work to co‐constitute labour (im)mobility in the country’s brick kilns, it makes a case for linking the geographies of labour, mobilities, and spirituality. More broadly, by highlighting the role of locally articulated spirituality in immobilising workers, our paper provides a counterpoint to predominant narratives of spiritual and animist agency as resistance, demonstrating instead how such agency may serve in the workplace as a means of coercion, restriction and control.

Posture Improvement and Stretching Treatment Based on Participatory Ergonomic Decrease Risk of Work Posture and Low Back Pain Intensity on Brick Workers in Kupang, NTT

Low Back Pain (LBP) is widely experienced by many brick workers who generally carry out repeated physical activities of lifting-and-carrying with non-ergonomic postures. Such condition can increase the risk of work posture and LBP intensity which if continued can disrupt the continuity of production, increase the risk of injury, and reduce worker productivity. Simultaneous intervention of posture improvement and stretching is conducted with the aim of reducing the risk of work posture and LBP intensity. This research was a quasi-experimental study using pre and post test design. Nineteen males brick workers from the brick production business unit sample in Kupang City who met the eligibility criteria participated in this study. They were determined as samples using purposive sampling technique. Simultaneous improvement of posture and stretching treatment is the selected intervention model agreed upon by researchers, workers and business owners to reduce the risk of work posture and LBP intensity for 5 weeks. The risk of work posture was measured by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) while LBP intensity was measured using a modified Oswestry questionnaire. Five main activities were measured for LBP intensity i.e. lifting, standing, sitting, walking, social life and sleeping. Measurements the risk level of work posture and LBP intensity were taken before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by paired t test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that posture improvement and stretching treatment reduced the risk level of brick workers' work posture from the average score of 9.25 to 5.0 or a decrease of 45.95% and reduced the intensity of LBP from 3.53 to 2.54 or a decrease 28.05%. The highest decrease in the pain intensity was found during sleep i.e. 39.19% and the lowest during lifting activity i.e. 15%. The conclusion is the improvement of posture and stretching treatment base on participatory ergonomic can reduce the risk of work posture and LBP intensity of brick workers.