Carp Breeding Research Articles

March2 negatively regulates antiviral immune response by targeting tbk1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Grass carp is one of the most economically important fish species. Hemorrhagic diseases caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can seriously damage the economic yield of grass carp. Therefore, antiviral research on grass carp is urgently needed. Membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) negatively regulates the innate immune response in mice. However, little is known about the role of march2 in the antiviral innate immune response in teleost fish. Our present study showed that march2 has high homology in grass carp, its orthologs, and mammals, and has the same amino acid sequence in grass carp and crucian carp. Overexpression of Cimarch2 (Ctenopharyngodon idella march2) significantly inhibited interferon (IFN) activation induced by Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and GCRV. However, knocking down Cimarch2 enhanced the activation of IFN induced by poly I: C, SVCV, and GCRV. Overexpression of Cimarch2 can promotes viral replication. Mechanistically, Cimarch2 tightly bound to TANK-binding kinase 1 (tbk1) and downregulated tbk1 through the proteasome pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential role of Cimarch2 in the antiviral breeding of grass carp.

Genome-wide association study reveals growth-related SNPs and candidate genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

In China, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a highly significant freshwater fish species. Enhancing growth-related traits can boost output, decrease costs, and accelerate the production of market-ready fish. In this study, the 21 K grass carp array was used to genotype 365 grass carp individuals, identifying 18,161 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 24 chromosomes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to detect SNPs and genes potentially associated with growth traits, including body height, body depth, body length, and body weight. We identified a strong positive genetic correlation (0.997–0.999) and a moderate to high heritability (0.421–0.501) among the three growth performance traits (body height, body depth, and body weight). Five SNPs, located on four chromosomes (LG01, LG05, LG07, and LG22), were identified as associated with growth-related traits. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by these SNPs ranged from 6.3 to 13.5% for the growth-related traits. Two of these SNPs were associated with all traits, except body length. Additionally, 98 genes were annotated by the identified SNPs. Most of the candidate genes were known to be involved in muscle growth and bone development. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that terms related to metabolic process and skeletal system morphogenesis were significantly enriched. This study offers insights into the genetic architecture of growth-related traits and provides effective molecular markers for future genome-wide selection breeding of grass carp.

Induced breeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by using synthetic hormones

Induced breeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by using synthetic hormones

Характеристика показників продуктивності однорічок коропа несвіцького зонального типу

Purpose. Provide a comprehensive productive and biological characterization of carps of the new selective breeding type, the first generation — Nesvich zonal type in the first year of life. Methodology. The study was conducted in fish farms of the Lviv and Volyn regions of Ukraine. The material for the study were young-of-the-years and age-1 carps of Nesvich zonal type. The main productive and biological parameters were studied during test harvests during the growing season according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The external evaluation of the experimental groups was carried out according to the following parameters: body weight and length, body height, body girth. Measurements were made with a centimeter tape with an accuracy of 1 mm. Individual weighing was carried out on electronic commercial scales with an accuracy of 1 g. Based on the results of the measurements, the main exterior parameters were analyzed and determined: body length to girth ratio, body length to height ratio, body length to head length ratio. Findings. The study showed that young-of-the-year carps of Nesvich zonal type were characterized by high productive parameters. The average individual weight was 39.3–55.0 g for framed and 42.0–67.9 g for scaled forms. According to winter hardiness, with the survival rates in the range of 80.5 - 84.5%, scaled forms of carp had the weight loss of 8.6 - 10.3% while framed carps had 9.1 - 9.8%. Originality. The results of the study on growing the first selection generation of young-of-the-year and age-1 Nesvich carp, which will be submitted to the approval of this zonal type as an intrabreed type of Ukrainian framed and scaled carp breeds, are provided. Practical value. The results of the analysis of productive and biological parameters will allow providing recommendations on the use of this zonal type as a new type for commercial growing. Key words: carp, scaled and framed form, zonal type, generation, exterior, weight, condition factor.

Аналіз рибницько-біологічних показників дволіток, отриманих від реципрокних схрещувань антонінсько-зозуленецьких та галицьких рамчастих коропів

Purpose. To provide a comprehensive characterization of productive and biological parameters of crossbred age-1 and 1+ carps obtained from the crossbreeding of the Halych and Antonino-Zozulenets intrabreed type of Ukrainian carp breeds in the 2nd year of life and to conduct a comparative analysis with pure parental lines. Methodology. The material for the study were age-1+ individuals of the Antonino-Zozulenets and Halych carps. The main productive and biological parameters were studied during spring and autumn harvests as well as test fishing during the growing season according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The external evaluation of the experimental groups was carried out according to the following parameters: body weight and length, body height, body girth. Measurements were made with a centimeter tape with an accuracy of 1 mm. Individual weighing was carried out on electronic commercial scales with an accuracy of 1 g. Based on the results of the measurements, the main exterior parameters were analyzed and determined: body length to girth ratio, body length to height ratio, body length to head length ratio. Findings. The study showed that among the reciprocal crossings of Halych and Antonino-Zozulenets carps, age-1+ carps obtained from the crossing of an Antonino-Zozulenets framed female and a Halych framed male were characterized by a higher growth rate. The superiority over the pure line of the Antonina-Zozulenets carp was 21.4% and the Halych carp — 14.1%. At the same time, the daily growth rates during the growing season were in the range of 1.31 - 4.16 g. The survival rate in crossbred age-1+ carps from crossing ♀AZFC x ♂HFC was 90%, ♀ HFC x ♂ AZFC - 94%, pure lines of the Halych carp 85%, Antonino-Zozulenets — 92%. Based on the average values of individual body weight and survival rate, the fish productivity was in the range of 481.8 - 681.3 kg/ha. Originality. For the first time in the conditions of Ukraine, a comparative analysis of productive and biological parameters of reciprocal offspring of the Halych and Antonino-Zozulenet carps in the second year of life was carried out in comparison with pure lines. Practical value. The results of the analysis of productive and biological parameters will allow providing recommendations on the use of these hybrids as new promising lines for commercial cultivation in the Polissia zone of Ukraine. Key words: carp, selective breeding, inbred type, generation, exterior, weight, condition factor.

Estimation of the Heritabilities for Body Shape and Body Weight in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) Based on a Molecular Pedigree

Estimation of the heritability for a given phenotype would provide basic information for potential breeding programs. As one of the most precious common carp strains, Yellow River carp was subject to selection for fast growth and a slender body to meet market demands. In the present study, heritabilities for body shape (body length, BL and body height, BH) and body weight (BW) were estimated based on a molecular parentage assignment for 750 progenies from 58 half-sib and full-sib Yellow River carp families. Eight highly polymorphic microsatellites were used for the construction of the molecular pedigree, and the average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.841, 0.792, and 0.763, respectively. All 750 progenies were successfully assigned to single parental pairs with 100% accuracy. Using the linear mixed model, the heritabilities were estimated to be 0.268, 0.338, and 0.340 for BL, BH, and BW, respectively. High phenotypic (0.831–0.927) and genetic (0.952–0.987) correlations among these three traits suggested that selection for BW could also largely affect the body shape and vice versa. Moderate heritabilities and high genetic corrections revealed by this study strongly indicate substantial potentials for genetic improvement of both growth rate and body formation in Yellow River carp breeding programs.

Historical aspects of carp domestication and breeding

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fish species in the world. According to FAO, in 2020, it ranked 4th in the global production of aquaculture products. When growing carp all over the world, both natural reservoirs and pond farms, trucks and industrial complexes of cage farms, UZS and others are used. In a number of countries, there is a traditional extensive production of carp in large ponds and natural reservoirs for recreational purposes. There are systems of ponds and reservoirs, the design and original construction of which in many cases date back hundreds of years, representing managed landscapes. This sector of aquaculture brings significant social and cultural dividends, at the same time, carp breeding is often criticized as an anthropogenic factor in the eutrophication of inland freshwater reservoirs. Currently, the process of domestication and the ways of settlement of this species have become the subject of close attention of many researchers. As with some other domestic animals, even the original habitat of the carp is subject to a number of doubts, and the place and time of the appearance of the mirror morph remains a mystery. The purpose of this review was to study the historical aspects and trends of carp domestication in the world, to identify the main time intervals of domestication and breeding, modern methods of working with carp and possible prospects for the development of carp farming in the world. In addition, the main theories of the origin and initial distribution of the species are considered.

Analysis of the genetic structure of Ukrainian carp breeds using protein markers

Goal. To characterize the features of the genetic structure of scaly and frame carps of the Antoninskyi-Zozulenetskyi intrabreed type according to protein and enzyme systems. Methods. Laboratory studies, computer statistical analysis. Results. The genetic structure of the Antoninskyi-Zozulenetskyi intrabreed type of scaly and frame carp was studied by protein markers. Species-specific features of the genetic structure of the studied loci were revealed. The level of available and expected heterosis readiness was calculated. It was established that the increased allelic and genotypic diversity of the genetic structure can be caused by a slightly increased intensity of the selection work. The detected excess of heterozygotes at individual loci indicated the presence of stabilization processes of the genetic structure. Conclusions. Breed-specific features of the genetic structure of the Antoninskyi-Zozulenetskyi intrabreed type of scaly and frame carp breeds were revealed. A certain genetic differentiation was observed for individual protein markers, as well as a predominance of the actual level of average heterozygosity for all loci over the expected one. It was established that the TF, ALB, and EST loci belonged to polymorphic systems, and the SR, AMI, PN, and HB loci belonged to monomorphic systems.

Характеристика першого селекційного покоління антонінсько-зозуленецького внутрішньопородного типу українських порід коропа на 4 та 5 роках життя

Purpose. To provide a comprehensive characterization of the first selective breeding generation of the Antoninsko-Zozulenets intrabreed type of Ukrainian carp breeds in the 4th and 5th years of life based on productive and biological parameters. Methodology. The material for the study were age-3+ and 4+ individuals of the Antoninsko-Zozulenets intrabreed type of carp. The main productive and biological parameters were studied during spring valuation and autumn harvest according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The exterior assessment of the experimental groups was carried out for following parameters: weight, length, height and body girth. Measurements were made with a centimeter tape with an accuracy of 1 mm. Individual weighing was carried out on electronic commercial scales with an accuracy of 1 g. The main exterior indices were analyzed and determined based on the measurement results: girth index, body length to height ratio, head length to body length ratio. Findings. The conducted study showed that the yield from wintering was in the range of 91.31–92.25% for age-3, and 90.68–91.78% for age-4 fish. At the same time, weight loss was 6.43–7.65% in the third year of life and 5.74–7.46% in the fourth year of life. The survival rate of age-3+ fish was 95.3 - 96.6%, age-4+ 95.9 - 97.2%. The average weight of age-3+ framed and scaled carps was 3835.0±77.27 g and 3740.0±120.50 g, respectively. The weight gain during the season was 2.0 kg in scaled and 2.1 kg in framed carps. The average individual body weight of age-4+ fish was on average 5060.0±110.54 g for framed individuals and 4900.0±117.26 g for scaled ones. The weight gain of scaled Antoninsko-Zozulenets carp was 1.8 kg, framed carp - 1.9 kg. According to exterior parameters, age-3+ and age-4+ fish had higher values of the body length to height and condition factor, but were inferior in terms of the head length to body length ratio compared to their peers with the scaled cover. Originality. For the first time in the conditions of Ukraine, a comparative analysis of fish productive and biological parameters of the replacement brood stock of the first selective breeding generation of the Antoninsko-Zozulenets intrabreed type of the Ukrainian framed and scaled carp breed was carried out. Practical value. The use of brood fish of a new intrabreed type with defined features of the genotype will allow obtaining new promising lines for industrial cultivation at different levels of intensification of aquaculture and in different climatic zones as well as hybrids between geographically isolated populations. Key words: carp, selective breeding, intrabreed type, generation, exterior, weight, condition factor.

The Promoter SNPs Were Associated with Both the Contents of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and the Expressions of PUFA-Related Genes in Common Carp.

The allo-tetraploid common carp encodes two duplicated fads2 genes (fads2a and fads2b) and two duplicated elovl5 genes (elovl5a and elovl5b). The coding SNPs (cSNPs) of these genes were reported to be significantly associated with the PUFA contents. Whether the promoter SNPs (pSNPs) were associated with the PUFA contents has not been reported yet. In this study, after sequencing the promoters of these four genes, we identified six pSNPs associated with the contents of PUFAs in common carp, including one elovl5a pSNP, one elovl5b pSNP, and four fads2b pSNPs. The pSNPs were predicted in the locations of transcriptional factor binding sites. Together with previously identified cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, the pSNPs and cSNPs of these two genes had the joint effects on the PUFA contents with higher explained percentage of phenotypic variation of the PUFA contents than single gene. The expression levels of both fads2a and fads2b were significantly positively correlated with the contents of six PUFAs. The fads2b pSNPs corresponding to higher fads2b expression levels were associated with higher PUFA contents. The pSNPs and cSNPs will be useful for the future selection breeding of common carp with higher PUFA contents.

Aging of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm induced by short-term storage does not alter global DNA methylation and specific histone modifications in offspring

Short-term storage of sperm is a useful tool to synchronize the availability of male and female gametes for fertilization in a hatchery. Induced aging by short-term storage has been shown to affect fish spermatozoa phenotypes including morphology and motility kinetics. However, its effects on epigenetics of sperm and the resulting embryos have not been investigated. In the present study, sperm of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was stored in vivo and/or in vitro using an extender, and spermatozoa motility kinetics, viability, and epigenetics were analyzed. We observed that spermatozoa motility and velocity decreased following in vivo and/or in vitro storage from 3 to 6.5 days, but spermatozoa viability remained stable. At the same time, global DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, and specific histone acetylation and methylation were not affected by sperm aging. Further analysis showed no variation in global DNA methylation during embryogenesis when short-term stored sperm in the extender was used for fertilization compared with embryos produced from fresh sperm. The results suggest the reliability of short-term storage of sperm using an extender in fertilization and the production of the next generation of embryos. However, larval growth and performance need to be elucidated for these fish. This study has shed light on the potential application of extenders in storage of sperm in common carp breeding programs to manage selection, genomic manipulation and genetic resources conservation.

Climate smart carp hatchery: Bringing resilience to sustainable fish seed production

Since climate change is disproportionately affecting the aquaculture sector, the conversion of Eco-carp hatcheries to climate smart carp hatchery will be a remarkable adaptation by developing countries that can aid the farmers to cope with the climate change scenario. The alterations in the monsoonal rain patterns due to climate change poses a major threat to the quantity and quality of aquaculture production by directly affecting the water availability for fish farming in the near future. There are 2198 eco-carp hatcheries and 417 fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) carp hatcheries are operating in India. Due to the lack of technical knowledge to hatchery managers/owners, these hatcheries are following the conventional techniques that are incapable of withstanding the climate change impact. A climate smart carp hatchery with more control over key water parameters (DO, pH and temperature), through important modifications like a cooling tower/chiller, sensor-based monitoring and slow sand filter for recirculation of water have the potential to sustain the aquaculture sector by ensuring continuous production and supply of quality carp seed irrespective of the climate change risk. The present article cites the limitations of eco-carp hatchery to meet the optimum water quality parameters for carp breeding under climate change scenarios and suggests the transformation of eco-carp hatchery to climate smart carp hatchery.

Study on Growth of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) fed by Diatoma Microalgae in Pond

The common method of fertilizing to increase live food (microalgae) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ponds has disadvantages, including the fact that fertilizers increase the population of microalgae of all types (toxic and non-toxic) without human control and thus can cause growth. Unwanted to become harmful algae. This study was carried out at the same time with the beginning of the summer season and breeding of silver carp, with the aim of enriching the microalgae composition of warm-water fish breeding ponds located in Mazandaran province. Growth rate was calculated according to the treatments. 100 young of 90g Silver Carp were stored in each pond. Experiments were performed in circular concrete ponds with a diameter of 6 meters and a water height of 1 meter. Different microalgae compositions (1: 70% chlorella, 30% diatoma, 2: 70% diatoma, 30% chlorella and 3: control of natural algae composition of the area) were fed during the experiment. In this study, the growth rate of Silver Carp in different densities of Diatoma and Chlorella algae was evaluated in combination with different percentages in the pond environment and at the end of the experiment, survival percentage, fish growth rate, specific growth rate and average daily growth were calculated. Ponds whose fish were water-enriched with Diatoma microalgae with a density of 70% had higher growth (survival rate, fish growth rate, specific growth rate and average daily growth). Also, according to this study, since one of the condition for having a healthy farmed fish is to have a healthy and proper nutrition, so it is necessary to increase the share of edible microalgae Diatoma in the breeding environment of these fish to produce more and higher quality of these fish.

Характеристика першого селекційного покоління антонінсько-зозуленецького внутрішньопородного типу українських порід коропа на 3 та 4 році життя

Purpose. To provide a comprehensive characterization of the first selective breeding generation of the Antoninsko-Zozulenetsky intrabreed type of Ukrainian carp breeds at the 3rd and 4th year of life based on piscicultural and biological parameters. Methodology. The material for the study were age-2+ and age-3+ Antoninsko-Zozulenetsky carps. The main piscicultutral and biological parameters were studied during spring valuation and autumn harvest according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The external evaluation of the experimental groups was carried out according to the following parameters: body weight and length, body depth, body girth. Measurements were made with a centimeter tape with an accuracy of 1 mm. Individual weighing of fish was carried out on electronic commercial scales with an accuracy of 1 g. Based on the results of the measurements, following exterior parameters were analyzed and determined: girth index, body length to depth ratio, head index. Findings. The study showed that both age-2 and age-3 framed carp had a lower weight loss rate of 11.95 and 10.11%% compared to 12.89 and 12.73%% in the scaly form. The yield from wintering was within 88.6–89.8% of age-2 fish and 88.9–89.3% of age-3 fish. The average body weight gain age-2+ framed carp during the season was 1.3 kg, the scaly carp - 1.1 kg. On the fourth year of life, this parameter in scaly carp was 1.6 kg, framed carp - 1.5 kg. Survival rate during the growing season was higher than standard values and was on average 96.8% in age-2+ fish and 95.9% in age-3+ fish. According to external parameters, age-2+ framed carp had higher values ​​of the body length to depth ratio by 0.3, compared to their peers with a scaly cover. The advantage of this experimental group was also in terms of condition factor: 2.56 versus 2.26. On the other hand, among age-3+, scaly individuals had an advantage according to the body length to depth ratio. Age-3+ framed carp prevailed in terms of the condition factor. Originality. A comparative analysis of piscicultural and biological parameters of the replacement and brood stock of the first selection generation of the Antoninsko-Zozulenetsky intrabreed type of carp was carried out in the conditions of Ukraine for the first time. Practical value. The use of brood fish of a new inbred type with defined features of the genotype will allow obtaining new promising lines for industrial cultivation at different levels of intensification of aquaculture and in different climatic zones, as well as hybrids between geographically isolated populations. Key words: carp, selective breeding, intra­breed type, generation, exterior, weight, condition factor.

Degree-hours to spawning response, fertilization rate and hatching of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala through induced breeding under hatchery environment.

Major carp is a group of fish species commonly cultured in Indian Subcontinent. Fish is the major source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. With the robust increase in human population, the demand of food is also increasing. To overcome the food, demand many food sectors are working in line to cope with the protein requirements management of brood stock and successful breeding is also very important. Estimation of degree-hours for the spawning response, hatching of brood stock and their fertilization rate, hatching rate of fish eggs is one of the major aspects of hatchery management. Degree-hours is a standard unit that is used to measure the heat requirement for spawning and hatching while data is scarce for many species. The current study was designed to investigate the degree-hours to spawning and hatching for major carps i.e., Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) during May to August 2022 at Punjab Fish Seed Hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan. Two triplets (one male and two females) of each species were selected for induced breeding. Ovaprim was administrated at the rate of 0.5ml/kg for female and 0.2ml/kg for male to stimulate ovulation and spermitation respectively. Both species showed ovulation rate (100%). Spawning was occurred after 9.35±0.4299 hours in Rohu and in Mrigala 10.18±0.4393 hours at average water temperature of 26.3±0.575. Degree-hours to spawning in Rohu and Mrigala were calculated as 248.6±9.35 and 264.6±5.625 respectively. Higher fertilization rate (87.23±2.029%) and hatching rate (84.88±1.7747%) were observed in Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) as compared to Rohu (Labeo rohita) i.e. (85.75±1.856%) and (81.75±1.525%) respectively. Hatching activity proceeded rapidly in Rohu and completed in 741.025±14.532 degree-hours while, in Mrigala it occurred in 778.43±9.1972 degree-hours. This was a first documented report on effect of degree-hours on induced breeding of indigenous carps of Pakistan i.e., Rohu and Mrigala under controlled hatchery environment.

Carp Breeding in the Carpathian Basin with a Sustainable Utilization of Renewable Natural Resources.

In the Central European region, there is a long tradition of breeding fish in artificially constructed ponds. As the area belongs to the temperate zone, farmed fish need to survive cold winter periods. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), which is an omnivorous, bioturbating species, is well adapted to warm and cold periods and the alluvial water environment. Since the Middle Ages, a large scale, efficient carp farming methodology has been developed in the region, where production is based on natural resources (protein and fatty acid sources) of renewable water ecosystems. This summary aims to present this well-developed breedi:ng method through discussing aspects of hydrobiology and energy transfer through the food chain as well. Capabilities and effects of agro-technical treatments such as liming and organic manuring, zooplankton management and possible supplementary feedings are also reviewed. Analysing chemical processes of waters uncovers that biological production has no carbon footprint; no carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. In contrast, gaseous carbon dioxide diffuses into pond water containing calcium and/or magnesium, then it accumulates in algae production and, through energy migration to upper trophic levels, increases carp production. Thus, it can be declared that pond-farmed carp provides an environmentally friendly, delicious meat among products of animal origin.

Optimization of in vitro culture conditions of common carp germ cells for purpose of surrogate production.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the fourth most-produced fish species in aquaculture and frequently used model species with significant effort invested in development of biotechnological applications. In present study, we attempted to establish an in vitro germ cell culture condition for short term cell culture, which could facilitate further applications such as surrogacy or gene manipulation. Basal media and different types of feeder cells were investigated to optimize carp germ cell culture condition to favor maintenance of mitotic proliferation. Results indicated that germ cells cultured with hESC media and RTG2 cell line as feeder possessed significantly higher proliferation and survival rate compared to that cultured with StemPro media and Sertoli cell line as feeder. In addition, we compared two dissection strategies to compare risk of cell culture contamination and body cavity was open from dorsal part or from ventral part. As a result, carp open from the dorsal side can minimize the risk of contamination. In summary, this is the first study to optimize the cultivation of germ cells in common carp. This opens up new opportunities for the application of specific techniques in the breeding of those species with high commercial value and frequent use as a model fish. Results obtained in this study are important for implementation of new strategies in common carp breeding, conservation of genetic resources, restoration of lines or development of clonal and isogenic carp lines.

Early immune response of two common carp breeds to koi herpesvirus infection

Economic importance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) increases every year. Viral diseases are major threat for carp aquaculture and cause significant economic losses. Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is one of the most serious carp diseases. Current study is focused on confirmation of possible differences in early immune response to KHV depending on level of resistance. Class I interferon signalling, complement cascade and cell-mediated cytotoxicity are hypothesized as major mechanisms of early innate immune response against KHV. Different breeds of common carp show distinct level of resistance to KHV. Two breeds of common carp with completely different susceptibility to KHV were chosen for current research: amur wild carp (AS) as highly resistant and koi carp (KOI) as very susceptible breed. KHV infection caused no mortalities, but the viral load in selected tissues increased during infection. Levels of expressions of chosen genes was examined using qRT-PCR and overall change in protein expression profiles was analysed by mass spectrometry. Significant differences in immune response between AS and KOI were detected mostly at the level of protein expression. Although cell-mediated cytotoxicity showed minimal influence during KHV infection, many immune response parameters related to class I interferon signalling pathway and complement cascade were increased earlier during KHV infection in AS comparing to KOI.

Роль антонінсько-зозуленецького коропа в селекційно-племінній справі України (огляд)

Purpose.In the last decade, due to increasing requirements for providing the Ukrainian population with the most valuable dietary food products, the importance of aquaculture has increased significantly. At the same time, an increase in the amounts of cultured fish as well as other agricultural products is possible only through the introduction of highly productive objects of cultivation using economically feasible technologies. Therefore, in today’s conditions, domestic breeders are conducting active selective breeding and scientific work with carp resulting in the approval of the Antoninsko-Zozulenets intrabreed type of the Ukrainian framed and scaly breeds. Findings.The authors of the work reviewed and analyzed the specialized scientific literature on the historical aspects of the development of carp breeding in Ukraine, and the role of the Antoninsko-Zozulenets carp in the selective breeding work. In particular, the genetic composition of scaly and framed carp, the breeding schemes of new intrabreed types, and the proportion of Antoninsko-Zozulenets carp blood in them were analyzed. Practical value.The conducted review of literary sources can be useful for the preparation of lecture material during the educational process of training specialists in the specialty 207 “Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture”, in particular, specialists in ichthyology and zoology. Key words: reproduction, selective breeding, genetics, carp culture, breed, intrabreed type.

Efficacy of dry and wet carp pituitary gland (CPG) in the induced breeding of Cyprinus carpio var. specularis (Lacepède, 1803)

Fish hatcheries are generally regarded as the first step in the process of aquaculture development in any given nation. Fish breeding plays an important part in the process of supplying fry and fingerling to the farmers. The current study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of using dry and wet carp pituitary gland (CPG) in the induced breeding of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis), at Banchte Sheka fish hatchery Arabpur, Jashore from November to December 2021. The 1st dose of hormone, both for male and female brood fishes were injected with dry & wet PG at 0.8 mg PG/kg body weight. After 6 hours of the 1st dose, only female brood fishes were injected with the 2nd dose of hormone at 3 mg PG/kg body weight. After 6-7 hours of injection of 2nd dose, brood fishes became ready to spawn. The fertilized eggs were hatched after 42-48 hours. The ovulation rates were 100%. The fertilization rates were 88.3 % and 91.2% for wet and dry PG, respectively. The hatching rates were 84.2% and 87.5%, respectively. The survival rates were 79.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Therefore, dry CPG is highly recommended to hatchery owners considering the rate of fertilization, survival rate and availability. The information that has been offered here will be helpful to the owners of hatcheries when it comes to choosing the sort of pituitary gland to use in the breeding operation. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (2), 115-122