Breast Masses Research Articles

Implementation and development of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer

To review the development of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, focusing on their use in benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer, and also summarize the development and application of these techniques in China, highlighting promotion and homogenization challenges and future directions. A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to trace the historical evolution, clinical applications, and related research of endoscopic techniques in breast surgery, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer. Endoscopic benign breast lump resection and breast-conserving surgery for cancer have improved patients' postoperative psychological health and quality of life, particularly in scar-free surgery. However, challenges such as limited intraoperative visibility and prolonged surgery time lead to controversy in clinical practice. Despite significant advancements, endoscopic techniques in breast surgery also face challenges. Future efforts should focus on technological improvements and clinical research to address these issues, promoting widespread application and standardization. The key to future development lies in the promotion and homogenization of these technologies.

The Utility of the BIRADS Classification System in Evaluating Breast Masses in the Pediatric and Adolescent Populations

The Utility of the BIRADS Classification System in Evaluating Breast Masses in the Pediatric and Adolescent Populations

Manajemant Breast Engogerment Kompres Daun Kubis Dingin (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata) dan Breastcare terhadap Pembengkakan Payudara pada Ibu Nifas

Breast milk duct dams and swelling of the mammary glands are one of the lactation problems that occur after childbirth and during breastfeeding. Breast swelling occurs when the milk ducts do not drain completely and narrow. Milk thickens and the lumen of the milk ducts is blocked. From 3 to 6 days after birth until the milk is expelled normally, symptoms such as warmth, pain to the touch, tenderness, and swelling associated with breast swelling will appear. From 3 to 6 days after birth until the milk is expelled normally, symptoms such as warmth, pain to the touch, tenderness, and swelling associated with breast swelling will appear. The use of cabbage leaves for the treatment and prevention of breast swelling is very simple, the inside of cabbage leaves can be put in the freezer for approximately 20-30 minutes before the procedure. Place cold cabbage leaves inside your bra for 30 minutes and do it twice a day for 3 days. This study aims to determine the difference in effectiveness before and after cabbage leaves (Brassica Oleracea Var.Capitata) and Breast Care in Reducing Breast Swelling. This research is a quasi-experimental design research with one group pre and post design research methods. The population in this study was 34 postpartum mothers who experienced breast swelling on day 3 to day 14. The results of the Wilcoxon test found differences in breast swelling scores before and after applying cold cabbage leaf compresses and breastcare, so it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant average difference between breast swelling scores before and after treatment, where the mean after treatment decreased by 1.15 compared to the mean before treatment 2.79. This means that giving cold cabbage leaf compresses and breastcare can effectively reduce the problem of breast swelling in puerperal mothers. Applying cabbage leaf compresses (Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata) cold and Breast Care combined with very effective in reducing breast swelling in puerperal mothers.

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Breast in a 4 Year Old: Case Report

Cystic lymphangioma, also known as cystic hygroma, is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system characterized by congenital blockage of lymphatic channels or sequestered lymphatic sacs. They are frequently observed in childhood, yet their occurrence in the breast is exceedingly uncommon and is more frequently seen in adults, with only a small number of cases documented in children. We report a case of a 4-year-old female who presented with a large right breast lump which has progressively developed since birth and was diagnosed as mammary cystic lymphangioma after local excision. There was no recurrence of the lesion at the 1 year follow-up.

From single to universal: tiny lesion detection in medical imaging

Accurate and automatic detection of tiny lesions in medical imaging plays a critical role in comprehensive cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis. Numerous deep learning (DL) based studies have focused on single lesions, providing highly sensitive identification and precise localization. On the other hand, some recent studies have started to concentrate on whole-body lesions, as they could provide systemic clinical support. This paper presents a single-to-universal review of DL studies on tiny lesion detection in medical imaging, with a particular emphasis on detection models and techniques, as well as the data-related aspects such as modality, dimension, and dataset. A wide range of tasks are covered, including traditional single lesion detection tasks such as lung nodules, breast masses, thyroid nodules, and diseased lymph nodes, as well as the emerging task of universal lesion detection. Moreover, the paper provides in-depth analysis and discussion, with the hope of inspiring future research endeavors.

Value of digital breast tomosynthesis in characterization of breast lesions in dense breast

BackgroundPatients with dense breasts have a higher risk factor for developing breast cancer. Digital mammography (DM) exhibits a reduced sensitivity in dense breast tissue as a result of overlapping fibro-glandular tissue. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) solves this problem, so allows better characterization of masses, asymmetries, and parenchymal distortion. It is useful in screening studies for early detection of breast lesions by accurate detection and description of their margins, shape, and extent as well as surrounding structures.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the added value of DBT in characterizing of different breast lesions in dense breasts compared to DM.MethodsA Prospective Cohort study involved ninety female cases having dense breast parenchyma (ACR C & ACR D) having breast complaint lesions detected by DM or ultrasound or recalled from screening units, during the period from June 2021 to Jan 2023.All patient underwent DM and DBT with correlation with the pathological finding or follow up.ResultsAs regards the characterization of breast mass DBT had higher sensitivity, higher specificity (98%, 87% respectively). However, DM showed less sensitivity, less specificity (58%, 80%,) with (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0005 respectively).ConclusionsDBT effectively visualizes overlapping tissue in dense breasts. DBT is important due to its ability to detect breast cancer earlier, characterize lesions accurately, and inspect the margins of masses precisely, along with decreasing recall rates for false-positive results.

Abbreviated Breast MRI Protocols in the Screening of High-Risk Females

Abstract Background Standard MRI breast more often than not, have lengthy protocols that make them much more expensive and time-consuming. And in spite its great potential for early detection of breast cancer in high-risk females, its wide application remains difficult, therefore the use of abbreviated MRI protocols in breast cancer screening is introduced. Results This study was done on high-risk women with a lifetime risk of over 20%. The majority of the examinations were performed on women with previous history of breast cancer (63.3%), while 36.7% had moderate to high family history. An abbreviated protocol was created form the sequences obtained from the full diagnostic protocol, which consisted of a pre-contrast T1, post-contrast T1, subtraction and MIP images. On MRI examination using the conventional protocol, 36% of the women in our study were diagnosed with breast mass lesions, of which 20% were malignant masses. Benign findings, whether mass or non-mass lesions constitutes of a total of 50.1%, and about 26.7% were normal. All the malignant lesions were identified on the abbreviated protocol by the designated reader after review of the clinical history. So, the cancer detection rate in our study using the abbreviated MRI protocols revealed a Kappa agreement test of 1.000, i.e., perfect agreement with the conventional protocols for the participant females. Conclusion The use of abbreviated MRI breast is feasible without compromising the cancer detection rate compared to a full protocol. It also achieved a significant reduction in scanning time, interpretation time, and total cost of the study, proving its efficacy and making it a more accessible first line of screening high-risk females.

Comparison of the Ultrasonography Features of the Breast in Women with Fibroadenoma and Those with Other Breast Lumps.

Fibroadenoma (FA) is documented as the most common benign breast disease typically presenting as a lump. A wide variety of other diseases including breast cancer can similarly present as lumps hence the need for further differentiation. Ultrasonography plays a vital role in the evaluation and treatment of breast lumps with histological analysis as the gold standard. This study compared the physical and sonographic features of the breast in women with FA and women with breast lumps due to other diseases. This is a single-centre comparative study. Clinical and sonographic breast evaluations of the recruited patients with lumps were done and reported using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score. The lumps were biopsied, and histological diagnosis was documented. Clinical and imaging features of the breasts of women with FA were then compared with those of women with lumps from other breast diseases, and collated data were analysed using SPSS Statistical version 23.0. Data from 118 subjects (59 in each group) were used for this study. There was a significant difference in the physical and sonographic appearance of FA concerning the patient's age, parity, change in lesion size, perilesional architecture, echogenicity, borders, capsule and background breast density. No FA was found in women with less dense breasts. The sonographic features of breasts showed some differences from the corresponding features of FA and other breast lesions. This has the potential to increase the efficiency of pre-operative diagnosis of FA and could be further applied in developing diagnostic criteria for FA in our environment.

Application of Breast Care to Prevent Breast Milk Dams in Postpartum Mothers

The first day after delivery is when the breasts become overfilled with milk, causing them to become swollen, hard and painful. Breast care is an action to take care of the breasts to prevent the occurrence of breast milk dams, reduce pain and discomfort, prevent more serious complications, maintain breast milk production, prevent early termination of breastfeeding breast milk. The purpose of this case study is to provide nursing care to post partum mothers with the problem of ineffective breastfeeding with the application of Breast Care. The research method used is a case study of 2 patients with post partum by applying the nursing process method: Interview, examination, observation of activities to obtain diagnostic records and reports. After taking nursing action for 3 days with a diagnosis: ineffectiveness of breastfeeding associated with breast swelling. with the application of breast care with the results resolved on day 4. breast discomfort has decreased after breast care, there is no dam or swelling in the mother's breast, there is no dam or swelling in the mother's breast, feeling more relieved and relaxed after breast care is performed. The application of breast care in both post partum patients can reduce breast swelling due to breast milk dams. Researchers suggest that patients can apply breast care as one of the treatments that can be done alone at home, because one of the benefits of breast care is to reduce breast swelling.

Demographics and ultrasonography findings of mastalgia in a tier 2 city of India

Background: Breast pain is the second most common breast symptom (after breast lump) for which women seeks medical attention. Breast pain can affect daily life, including sleeping, or physical, social, and work-school life. Mastalgia is one of the common causes for women in tier 2 city visiting health care facility but there are only few studies which focus on demographic findings and ultrasonographic findings in mastalgia. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study demographics of breast pain in a tier 2 city and ultrasound evaluation of mastalgia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 143 patients presenting with mastalgia irrespective of focality, duration, or cyclical nature were included. In these patients, we studied demographic profile and ultrasonographic findings in mastalgia. Results: About 37% women were in 20–29 years of age group and least number was in 70–79 years of age group. About 86% of women in our study were in reproductive age group. Most patient with mastalgia have associated palpable lump (58%) followed by 43% patients with mastalgia and nipple discharge, only 27% of patients have mastalgia alone whereas 4% women have pain with skin changes. The majority (49%) of mastalgia cases fall under the breast imaging-reporting data system (BI-RADS)-I category while cases in BI-RADS-IV and V category were 2 and 1, respectively. Conclusion: Women in their reproductive age group and in their 3rd decade of life are more prone for mastalgia. Ultrasonography is also helpful in detecting cancers in setups where routine mammography is not possible.

Mammary Paget's Disease Mimicking Benign and Malignant Dermatological Conditions: Clinical Challenges and Diagnostic Considerations.

Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) or Paget's disease of the breast is a rare dermatological malignancy of the nipple-areolar complex that manifests with a spectrum of symptoms spanning from itching and redness to more severe indications such as breast lump, nipple-areolar complex destruction, or nipple discharge. It is predominantly associated with an underlying ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma. MPDoften masquerades as other benign and malignant dermatological conditions, including eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Only one-third of the patients present with a palpable lump; therefore, advanced age with chronic and unilateral lesions should raise concern for MPD. Our review article presents case reports of MPD imitating other skin conditions and underscores the key findings of clinical features and diagnostic workup to help differentiate the condition. A literature review revealed that studies emphasize caution regarding the sole use of mammography and ultrasound in diagnosing MPD, particularly in cases lacking a palpable lump. This highlights the MRI as a superior and more accurate imaging tool. However, any suspicious lesion must be biopsied to allow histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, since there are some cases where MRI findings were negative in the presence of a biopsy-proven MPD. This highlights the need for clinicians to investigate any suspicious lesion of the nipple or breast using the complete triple assessment approach to exclude an underlying malignancy. It is imperative to establish therapeutic guidelines to approach any nipple lesion to minimize the risk of misdiagnosing any underlying cancer, which can be potentially fatal if left alone.

Evaluation of different modalities in prevention of seroma formation post-modified radical mastectomy – An observational study from a rural tertiary care center

Background: Seroma, a recognized complication of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) delays the administration of adjuvant therapy and also effects adverse events. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients developing seroma post MRM and compare the effectiveness of different modalities of seroma prevention since there is a dearth of literature on this matter in our sub-Himalayan region. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted from February 2021 to August 2022 on 60 women with carcinoma breast who underwent MRM. They were studied for sociodemographic profile, cancer characteristics, and seroma prevention techniques and followed up during the study period. Preventive modalities used were quilting, octreotide therapy, suction drains with early drain removal, passive low suction drains, sharp dissection technique, and sclerotherapy. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Results: The mean age was 49.7±9.4 years, 18.3% had hypertension and 10.0% diabetes mellitus, and 58.3% presented with breast lump. Overall incidence of seroma was 23.3%; the highest was observed in sclerotherapy (50%), and the lowest was in quilting (7.1%) (P=0.235). The presence of hypertension (P=0.026) and the non-administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.010) was significantly associated with developing seroma. Sharp dissection was associated with wound infection (33.3%), sclerotherapy with flap necrosis (50%), and quilting with shoulder stiffness (21.4%). Conclusion: The lowest incidence of seroma was in quilting and the highest in sclerotherapy. Adverse events such as wound infection, shoulder stiffness, and flap necrosis were the lowest among patients discharged with passive drains and highest in sclerotherapy.

Carcinoma Breast Presenting with Concurrent Extensive Lymph Nodal Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas involving any organ. Concurrent carcinoma breast with sarcoidosis is a rare occurrence. A 51-year-old female presented with right breast lump and was diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma with lymph nodal (LN) metastases (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor positive, and HER2neu negative). Baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan revealed breast mass with multiple LNs. Biopsy of iliac and internal mammary LNs indicated granulomatous lymphadenitis. A possible diagnosis of sarcoidosis was considered. End of chemotherapy (4 EC, 12 paclitaxel), FDG PET/CT revealed a complete metabolic response in breast mass. Most lymph nodes were resolved. Modified radical mastectomy specimen was negative for breast malignancy with granulomatous lymphadenitis in LNs.

Ultrasound guided clips insertion within breast masses

ultrasound guided clips insertion within breast masses

Insights into breast health issues in women's rugby.

World RugbyTM supports dedicated women's welfare, injury surveillance and medical/technical interventions, yet breast health has received limited attention. This article aims to provide insights into breast health issues in rugby, including breast impacts and injuries. We discuss how breast anatomy and position may be problematic in rugby. Breast volume relates to body size, which may be increasing in women's rugby, suggesting increased breast surface area and mass, potentially increasing injury risk. Breast health issues in rugby have been reported previously, with 58% of contact footballers (including rugby) experiencing breast injuries. There are damaging effects related to these breast health issues, with breast impacts often causing pain and swelling. Breast impacts may lead to haematomas, cysts and fat necrosis which can calcify over time making them difficult to distinguish from breast carcinoma, causing further investigation and anxiety. In sport, poor bra fit and insufficient support are associated with pain, skin strain and performance decrements. This article reports the potential implications of these breast health issues on performance in rugby. Recent breast-related projects supported by rugby communities may address recommendations identified in the literature for robust breast injury classifications, updated injury surveillance systems and prospective data collection on breast injury prevalence, severity and impact in rugby. These data should inform breast injury care pathways and intervention research, including evidence-based bra design. Understanding the implications of breast impacts on tissue properties, health and wellbeing is vital. Finally, data should inform rugby-specific breast education, raising awareness of this aspect of athlete health.

Assessing Urinary 8-OHdG: A Comparative Analysis between Benign Breast Diseases and Healthy Participants

Background: Benign breast problems account for a considerable share of diagnoses for breast diseases, which is a major global health concern. The study investigates the correlation between urinary 8-OHdG levels and benign breast illnesses, aiming to identify oxidative stress variations, aid in developing targeted therapies and personalized healthcare plans. Methods: This comparative study evaluated urinary 8-OHdG levels in patients with clinically suspected breast lump cases at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. The sample included 30 healthy individuals and 30 patients with benign breast disorders. Important variables included oestrogen replacement medication, alcohol intake, age of menarche, menopause, obesity, and urinary 8-OHdG levels. Results: The study analysed 60 participants with benign breast diseases, revealing significant differences in age distribution, menarche age, BMI categories, demographic and reproductive factors, and urine 8-OHdG levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between urinary 8-OHdG concentrations and factors like age, OCP consumption history, marital status, age of menarche, breast feeding history, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, and histopathological grading. However, body mass index and number of parities did not show significant associations with urinary 8-OHdG concentrations.

Role of Ultrasound-guided Tru-cut Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Suspicious Breast Masses at South Valley University Hospitals

Role of Ultrasound-guided Tru-cut Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Suspicious Breast Masses at South Valley University Hospitals

Comparison of Mammography, Ultrasonography, and both Combined in the Interpretation of Palpable Breast Mass

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in worldwide and the second leading cause of female cancer death in the United States (1, 14). On average, every two minutes a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer and one woman will die of breast cancer every thirteen minutes(13) In Libyan breast cancer is most common cancer in female (17 ) Although the majority of palpable lumps are benign, a new palpable breast mass is a common presenting sign of breast cancer. the aim of the study to reveal the role of USS and MG and both in evaluating palpable breast mass because both are available and more accurate in evaluated palpable breast mass depend on the aging and breast density .Materials and methods: prospective study between January 2018 and march 2019 In Department of Radiology in Benghazi medical center (BMC); used the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification on fifty palpable breast masses in two models (USS and MG ) and described each masses by selecting a single term from the Bl-RADS lexicon for description mass margin and shape. Kappa values were calculated to assess the agreement between BIRADS assessment category and agreement between descriptions of masses margin and shape .Additionally, another reader used same USS Bl-RADS lexicon for description mass margin to assessed lnter-observer variability. Result :Regarding BIRADS assessment category, agreement between the MG and combined (USS and MG ) interpretations were moderate (K=0.4);agreement between USS and combined (USS and MG ) was very good (k=0.84); agreement between BIRADs category of USS and MG in descriptive shape of palpable breast mass was moderate (k=0.50) while for margin fair agreement (k=0.26).poor lnter-observer variability(k=0.19) in USS Bl-RADS lexicon for description mass margin. Conclusion: USS better than MG in detected palpable breast mass so can be use as diagnostic tool for characterized palpable breast mass.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cell block Using HistoGel Tube Method in Breast Cancer in Pakistan

Background: Breast malignancy is the major cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Therefore, early diagnosis is the primary requisition for an effective treatment plan. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of fine needle aspirate cell blocks made by the HistoGel-tube method in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University /Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The study duration was six months. 62 patients with breast lumps, of all ages, both genders, having easily accessible breast lesions and C III, C IV, C V smears on rapid onsite evaluation were included while patients who had received neo-adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy and those reported as C I ,C II smears on ROSE were excluded. FNA was performed and HistoGel cell blocks were made in addition to the conventional smears. Data was entered in SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age of patients included in the study was 47 ± 13 years. 61(98.4%) patients were female while only 1(1.6%) patient was male. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy came out to be 96%, 69%, 92%, 81%, and 90% respectively. Conclusion: HistoGel cell blocks have overall good diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation and diagnosis of breast malignancy.

Clinical application and effect evaluation of acupoint thread embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on menstrual cycle characteristics in the management of breast hyperplasia: An observational study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of acupoint embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical treatment regimen in improving clinical symptoms, promoting tumor regression, controlling adverse reactions and complications, and enhancing patient satisfaction by comparing and analyzing the clinical data of 120 breast tumor patients. One hundred twenty patients with breast cancer were divided into a treatment group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases) according to different treatment plans. Patients in the treatment group received a combination of acupoint embedding therapy and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical treatment based on different time points of the menstrual cycle. Including the proportion of reduction in the number of breast masses, the proportion of reduction in mass size, changes in pain severity scores, tumor regression rate, regression time, incidence of adverse reactions and complications, and patient satisfaction. Statistical software was used to analyze the data to evaluate differences between the 2 groups. In terms of clinical symptoms, the proportion of reduction in the number of breast masses in the treatment group averaged 50%, significantly higher than the 25% in the control group; the proportion of reduction in mass size averaged 40%, also higher than the 15% in the control group; and the improvement in pain severity scores was also superior to the control group. Regarding tumor regression, the tumor regression rate in the treatment group reached 85%, with an average regression time of 6.2 weeks, both significantly better than the 55% and 9.8 weeks in the control group. In terms of adverse reactions and complications, the incidence rate in the treatment group was relatively low, and no serious adverse events occurred. Patient satisfaction surveys showed that the treatment group had significantly higher satisfaction with treatment effectiveness, treatment process, and physician service attitude compared to the control group. Based on clinical data from 120 breast tumor patients, the results of this study indicate that breast tumor patients treated with a specific treatment regimen have significant advantages in improving clinical symptoms, tumor regression, controlling adverse reactions and complications, and patient satisfaction. This treatment regimen has high clinical application value and deserves further promotion.