Breast Self-examination Training Research Articles

Poland’s Breast Self-Exams: Empowering Awareness

Introduction and purpose: Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, especially in Poland, where it is the most prevalent cancer among women. Despite advancements in medical technology, individual awareness and proactive health practices, such as Breast Self-Examination (BSE), are crucial for early detection. This study focuses on BSE practices in the Tarnów district of Poland, a small city facing unique healthcare challenges, to understand the prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes toward BSE. The aim of study was to comprehensively investigate BSE practices among women in the Tarnów district, considering socio-demographic factors.
 Material and Methods: Anonymous questionnaires assessed socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes toward BSE, frequency of BSE performance, knowledge on BSE, and sources of information. The survey involved 100 Polish women in gynecologist and general practitioner offices in Tarnów County. Results were analyzed in relation to age, education, and place of residence.
 Results: While 90% of women were familiar with BSE, 10% had never heard of it. While 29% performed BSE monthly, 18% never conducted the examination. Knowledge gaps were identified, particularly regarding optimal BSE practices. Information sources included the Internet (44%) and gynecologists (28%). Notably, 65% expressed a willingness to participate in BSE training.
 Conclusions: In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into BSE practices among women in the Tarnów district, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to encourage regular BSE. Knowledge gaps and the willingness of women to participate in training present opportunities for healthcare initiatives. The study also highlights the need for broader health education campaigns to dispel myths and enhance awareness, particularly regarding breast cancer affecting both genders. Limitations include a small sample size and geographic specificity to Tarnów district.

Effect of monthly reminders by telephone message on women's beliefs and practice behaviours regarding breast self-examination: A randomized controlled study.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of monthly telephone message reminders after training on women's beliefs and practice behaviours regarding breast self-examination. This randomized controlled study was conducted with 83 women aged 20-69 years living in Turkey between September 2021 and July 2022. Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention (n = 41) or control group (n = 42), both groups received online breast self-examination training, and the intervention group received monthly reminders on their mobile phones for 3 months. Participants completed the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale and breast self-examination practice evaluation form at baseline and 3 months after intervention. After the intervention, the mean scores of the benefits and self-efficacy subscales of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group, and the mean score of barriers was lower. The rate of performing breast self-exam regularly and at the appropriate time was higher in the intervention group. The rate of forgetting to perform breast self-examination was higher in control group. A monthly reminder message may be recommended to increase women's belief in breast self-examination and increase regular practice.

Strengthening breast cancer screening program through health education of women and capacity building of primary healthcare providers.

Globally and in India, breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy. India saw 178,361 new cases and 90,000 deaths in 2020. Timely detection is vital, highlighting the importance of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), especially in low-income settings. Strengthening BSE in awareness and screening efforts is urgent. Despite awareness, practical application lags due to women's reluctance. Effective execution demands partnerships, a multi-sectoral strategy, and training grassroots workers. To address these challenges, the present study aims to strengthen the breast cancer screening program using BSE strategy and adopting a referral mechanism for the diagnosis and treatment of suspect cases. A community-based study occurred in specific districts of Rajasthan (2017-2022), enhancing breast cancer screening for women aged 30-65. It involved healthcare providers and local women, utilizing tools like the MT-DM-GP6620 Breast Inspection Model, educational booklets, and semi-structured schedules. The strategy encompassed knowledge assessment, capacity building for healthcare providers, BSE training, increasing women's breast cancer awareness, suspect case referrals, and phone-based follow-up. Our study encompassed 157,225 women aged 30-65 in Jodhpur, Jalore, and Pali districts. Initial breast self-examination (BSE) awareness was below 1%. BSE training reached 218,978 women using booklets and demonstrations, with 72% aged 30-65 and the rest 15-30. Follow-ups reinforced BSE, leading to 745 identified suspect breast cancer cases, mostly due to painless lumps (332 cases). Capacity-building workshops involving 824 medical and paramedical staff strengthened early breast cancer detection in Jodhpur and Jalore, in collaboration with the district health department. The study model's success suggests its applicability in other Rajasthan districts, Indian states, and global breast cancer prevention programs. While positive outcomes were evident, challenges related to culture, cost, and benefits warrant consideration. The approach prioritized early detection through community engagement, reducing patient and government burdens. Community involvement and healthcare engagement were pivotal, with breast self-examination proving effective for enhancing awareness and early detection. Promoting BSE education can significantly enhance breast cancer awareness and early detection.

Breast Self Examination (BSE) Training for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Women of Childbearing Age

Among all cancers, breast cancer (BC) is the highest cause of mortality in women. In 2012 there were 1.7 million cancer sufferers with 20% of breast cancer cases, this number is expected to fluctuate up to four times by 2020. Treatment of breast cancer will be more optimal if it is detected early, screening techniques that can reduce mortality can be carried out by everyone independently and effectively known as breast self-examination (BSE). The purpose of this service is to provide BSE training for early detection of breast cancer in fertile women (WUS) using community education methods that focus on women of childbearing age so they can carry out breast self-examination with training, lecture and question and answer approaches. This service was carried out in the work area of ​​BPM Hj. Rismawati Maros Regency which was attended by 16 participants. Evaluation of post-test results showed an increase in participants' understanding of breast cancer and BSE as a first step in breast cancer screening and readiness to do it routinely independently at home.

Categorization and Analysis of Primary Care mHealth Apps Related to Breast Health and Breast Cancer: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality among women globally. The use of mobile health tools such as apps and games is increasing rapidly, even in low- and middle-income countries, to promote early diagnosis and to manage care and support of survivors and patients. The primary objective of this review was to categorize selected mobile health apps related to breast health and prevention of breast cancer, based on features such as breast self-examination (BSE) training and reminders, and to analyze their current dissemination. An ancillary objective was to highlight the limitations of existing tools and suggest ways to improve them. We defined strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, which required apps to have titles or descriptions that suggest that they were designed for the general public, and not for patients with breast cancer or health workers. Apps that focused on awareness and primary care via self-check were included, while those that focused on topics such as alternative treatments and medical news were excluded. Apps that were not specifically related to breast cancer were also excluded. Apps (in any language) that appeared in the search with keywords were included. The database consisted of apps from AppAgg and Google Play Store. Only 85 apps met the inclusion criteria. Selected apps were categorized on the basis of their alleged interactive features. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and available language options, the number of downloads, and the cost of the apps were the main parameters reviewed. The selected apps were categorized on the basis of the following features: education, BSE training, reminders, and recording. Of the 85 selected apps, 72 (84.7%) focused on disseminating breast cancer information. BSE training was provided by only 47% (n=40) of the apps, and very few had reminder (n=26, 30.5%) and recording (n=11, 12.9%) features. The median number of downloads was the highest for apps with recording features (>1000 downloads) than those with education, BSE training, reminder, and recording features (>5000 downloads). Most of these apps (n=74, 83.5%) were monolingual, and around 80.3% (n=49) of these apps were in English. Almost all the apps on Google Play Store were free of charge. Although there exist several apps on Google Play Store to promote awareness about breast health and cancer, the usefulness of most of them appears debatable. To provide a complete breast health package to the users, such apps must have all of the following features: reminders or notifications and symptom recording and tracking. There is still an urgent need to scientifically evaluate existing apps in the target populations in order to make them more functional and user-friendly.

Ealth Counseling About Early Detection of Breast Cancer with Breast Self Examination (Breast) In Adolescent Women

Breast cancer is a common disease in women and can cause death. The disease usually occurs in low- and middle-income countries, with most of the diagnoses being at an advanced studium. One effort that can be done in the context of early detection of breast cancer that can be done is breast self-examination (BSE). The purpose of this community service is to improve skills through BSE training. This activity will be held in Jati Sari Lubuk Pakam Village in April 2023. The target of this activity is 46 young women. The expected result of this community service activity is an increase in BSE skills which will be the basis for breast cancer prevention. The method used in this activity is the provision of material about breast cancer and BSE training.
 Based on the results of the activity, the respondents were very enthusiastic about participating in counseling activities and knowing more deeply about breast cancer prevention by self-breast examination (Sadari). Through this activity, it is hoped that young women will be able to apply knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE) regularly so that they can detect breast cancer early on.

Pencegahan Kanker Payudara melalui Sadari dan Sadanis di Era Pandemi Covid-19

Breast cancer is a contributor to high mortality rates in women, with a mortality rate of 18% of women's deaths. Public awareness in recognizing and identifying cancer symptoms at an early stage is still low, making cancer in Indonesia more at an advanced stage. This community service activity aims to increase community knowledge and skills in preventing and detecting breast cancer early through counseling about breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE). This partner is the activity of PKK cadres who contribute to the implementation of health education and health cadres in their area. Community service methods with breast cancer counseling and BSE training. In this activity, a clinical breast examination (SADANIS) was also carried out in the form of a breast ultrasound examination to detect any abnormalities in the breast by a Radiology specialist. The speaker delivered material on breast cancer prevention and participants were given a pocket book on breast cancer prevention. Prior to participating in the counseling, participants were tested for their knowledge of breast cancer prevention using a pretest. After getting the presentation of the material, a posttest was conducted. The results of the pre and post analysis showed an increase in participants' knowledge about breast cancer prevention. Community service with counseling, pocket books and health checks succeeded in increasing participants' knowledge about breast cancer prevention.Keywords: SADARI, SADANIS, breast cancer.

The Effect of a Training Video With Audio Description on the Breast Self-Examinations of Women With Visual Impairments

Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant health problem affecting the health of women globally. Breast self-examination is a procedure applied for the early detection of breast cancer. Given the barriers that women with visual impairments face to access health care and health education, there is a need to develop materials for breast self-examination training as a skills-based practice for this group. This study evaluated the effect of a training video with an audio description on the breast self-examination of women who were visually impaired. Methods: The universe of this quasi-experimental study comprised women who were visually impaired ( N = 70) who were registered members of the Manisa Altinokta Blind Association in Turkey. The women who participated in the study volunteered and met the selection criteria ( n = 60). They were divided into two groups by lot. The audio description group listened to a breast self-examination training video with an audio description ( n = 30). The control group listened to the training video accompanied by typical sound, without audio description ( n = 30). Before and after a training video, all women performed breast self-examination on a female mannequin torso. The skills of women in breast self-examination were evaluated using a checklist by a midwife who was non-researcher. Results: The skills differed significantly between the two groups after the video training ( p < 0.05). The audio description group correctly performed most of the skills required for breast self-examination. None of the women in the groups were able to apply steps for such self-examination before the training. Discussion: A breast self-examination training video with audio description can improve the self-examination skills of women with visual impairments. Implications for Practitioners: Women with visual impairments benefit from watching a breast self-examination training video with an audio description before performing self-examinations. Training videos with audio descriptions should, therefore, be prepared for the health education of individuals who are visually impaired.

The effect of breast self-examination training on nursing students by using hybrid-based simulation on knowledge, skills, and ability to correctly evaluate pathological findings: Randomized Controlled Study

AimTo investigate the effectiveness of hybrid simulation-based training and classical-based training with the Miller pyramids' ability to evaluate students' knowledge, skills and pathologies in breast self-examination. BackgroundBreast cancer incidence is becoming more common among women in developed and developing countries. Nurses should be capable of evaluating breast self-examination knowledge, abilities and pathologies. MethodA randomized full experimental design was used. Two groups were formed: a hybrid simulation-based training group (n = 36) and a classical-based training group (n = 36)—students in the hybrid simulation-based group trained on a standardized patient with a wearable breast attachment. The classical-based training group received training on the breast model. The laboratory performance of the students was evaluated one week after the training. Their performance on the standardized patient was evaluated against the checklist in the clinical setting one week after the laboratory. Before and after the training, each student's knowledge of basic and Application steps was evaluated. Students completed the self-description form regarding the clinical process after the clinical performance. All participants received 60 min of theoretical and 60 min of demonstration training. While the students in the hybrid simulation-based training group completed the 55-minute simulation training, the students in the Classic-based training group practised on the desktop breast model for 10 min. The hybrid simulation-based training group received 175 min of total training time, whereas the classical-based training group received 130 min. ResultsCompared with classical-based training, teaching BSE with hybrid simulation-based training raised students' total knowledge score, application step score, skill score and pathological evaluation score (p < 0.05). Students who trained using hybrid simulation-based training experienced low levels of anxiety but increased levels of excitement and motivation (p < 0.05). The education and counselling scores of students who received hybrid simulation -based simulation training were higher than those who received classical-based training (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups' BSE mean pre-test basic knowledge scores (p = 0.186). BSE mean application steps knowledge scores difference (pre-test-post-test) of the groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) ConclusionThe ability to accurately evaluate breast self-examination on knowledge, skills and pathological findings of students in the hybrid simulation-based training group was higher than in the classical-based training group. Besides, the students' perceived communication, education and counselling efficiency in the hybrid simulation-based training group were higher compared with the classical-based training group.

A Different Approach to Breast Self-Examination Training: Family Training

Background. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an effective, cost-free, early diagnosis method that enables women to take responsibility for their own health in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, which is the most common cause of death in women.&#x0D; The objective of the study was to determine the effect of BSE training given by female nursing students to their mothers and sisters on their BSE behavior and self-esteem.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. This study is of one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. It was carried out at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Erzincan University in Turkey between December 2019 and May 2020. The universe of the study consisted of 140 third- and fourth-year female students over the age of 18 enrolled in the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan University, Turkey. The total number of mothers and sisters in the study sample was 126. The data were collected in two stages, before and one month after family training. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software package was used for statistical data analysis. The percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical processing. The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests.&#x0D; Results. The knowledge level of study participants about breast cancer and BSE was analyzed, and the source of their knowledge was assessed. Applying family training approach showed a significant increase in BSE knowledge level of participants one month after training. It was accompanied by increasing BSE skills and self-esteem levels (according to the mean values of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale).&#x0D; Conclusions. Training for family members is an effective method to increase women' s knowledge and skills in BSE. In addition, BSE training enabled female students and their families to participate in BSE practice.

Evaluation of Breast Self-examination Training in Turkish Women Living in Northwestern Turkey.

SummaryIntroductionBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most significant health problems among the women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an examination method which is used by women to detect breast cancer as much early as possible. Training of women about BSE is crucial.MethodsThe current study was semi-experimentally single-group pretest-posttest designed in order to evaluate breast self-examination (BSE) training efficacy on Turkish women’s knowledge and skills. The study was performed on 119 Turkish women. The data were collected with a three questionnaires and BSE Training Skills Evaluation Form in three phases.Results81.5% of the women did not perform BSE regularly. Rate of correct responses about knowledge on BC, risk factors and screening increased after posttest. Significant improvements were observed in the post-test (after training, after one month and three months training) scores for knowledge of Turkish women’ towards BC, risk factors and screening, steps of BSE after the intervention (p < 0.001). To quantify the efficiency of training, effect size (Cohen’s d) was derived. For knowledge and ability to do BSE scores, Cohen’s d was 1,01 ≤ with large effect size indicating highly effective impact of the training.ConclusionsIt seems that BSE training is beneficial in women. However, women should receive regular BSE training to renew their knowledge and skills. Long follow-up is required.

Effect of breast self-examination training and follow-up program using health belief model on Turkish women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices: A randomized controlled study

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effects of breast cancer and a breast self-examination training program on women’s knowledge, attitude, and practices relating to breast cancer. The study included 92 women participants and used a randomized controlled experimental research design. The randomization method was used to divide these women into two groups, an experimental (n = 45) group and a control (n = 47) group. A training program was provided to the experimental group, while no such training was provided for the control group. Both groups were followed-up each month for a six-month period. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer Knowledge Form, and the Breast Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Differences in the mean level of knowledge, perceived-seriousness, perceived-barriers, perceived-confidence, and health motivation subscale scores of the experimental group were found to be statistically significant for the experimental group, while no such statistical significance was found for the control group (p < 0.05). All women in the experimental group practiced breast self-examination regularly and properly by the sixth month. This study found that planning and implementing a training program based on the Health Belief Model, particularly a regular and one-to-one training and follow-up program, may lead to a regular and proper breast self-examination practice. The training program used in this study made a positive contribution to women’s knowledge, attitudes, and health behaviors regarding breast self-examination.

Breast self-examination training video with the sign language for deaf women: An interventional study.

Breast self-examination is an important component for the early detection of breast cancer. The lack of knowledge of deaf women regarding breast examination and screenings may delay diagnosis of breast cancer. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of a video prepared with the sign language giving breast self-examination (BSE) skills to deaf women. This study used a quantitative, quasi-experimental, comparison group research design. Participants were recruited from the Izmir Association for the Protection and Development of the Deaf, Izmir, Turkey. The research was conducted between March 2018 and March 2019. BSE training video was prepared by the researchers. One group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video with sign language. The other group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video without sign language. After the training video, the BSE Skill Assessment of all women were assessed on a female torso mannequin model using BSE Skill Assessment Form. The BSE skills of the women who watched the training video with sign language were significantly different from those who watched the training video without sign language (p < 0.05). The training video with the sign language prepared by the researchers can significantly improve the BSE skills of deaf women.

Breast Self-Examination Training Program of Primary Health Centers Working Women: An Intervention Study

Background: Breast Self-Examination has a role in early diagnosis and prevention of morbidity and mortality rate of breast cancer. Promoting women knowledge, capabilities and practice are required in this regard. Aim: Assess the effect of breast self-examination training program on knowledge and practice of the working women in selected primary health centers. Methods: Quasi - experimental study pre/post and follow-up after one month was conducted involving 80 women using a purposive sample. Self -administered questionnaire to assess women demographic data, knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination and also practice related to the same. Results: Pre-program most of women had poor level of knowledge as compared to all and vast of them had high level of knowledge post program and one month follow up, respectively. Vast of women showed unsatisfactory level of practice pre-program compared to all of them have satisfactory level of practice on post program and follow up. Both the knowledge and practical competency scores showed highly significant increment after the intervention. Conclusion and recommendation: knowledge and practice of women were improved after receiving the training program. Women health education should occur at an earlier stage in lives with emphasis on the healthy behaviors and practices to prevent cancer.

PELATIHAN SADARI MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN WANITA MENOPAUSE TENTANG SADARI SEBAGAI CARA DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA

Menopause is a normal change that occurs in a woman's life when her menstrual period stops. Menopause causes women to be susceptible to cancer, one of which is breast cancer. One way that can be done to detect early incidence of breast cancer is by doing Breast Self-Examination (BSE) routinely, and this requires a woman's knowledge of how to detect breast cancer with the breast self-examination method (BSE). This study used a quasi-experimental study with a pre test - post test design with a control group. The population in this study were all menopausa women (45 - 55 years) in Wates Village, Wonotunggal Subdistrict, Batang Regency. The sampling technique was simple random (simple ramdom). In this study, the sample used was 60 respondents, with a sample size of 30 for the intervention group and 30 samples for the control group. The data analysis used the Wilcoxon test to determine the effect of BSE training, while to determine the difference in knowledge between the intervention group and the control group, the Friedman test was used to test the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov non-parametric statistical test. The results showed that there was an effect of providing BSE training in the intervention group on knowledge with a value of p 0.05.Suggestions are given to increase public awareness, especially menopausal women about breast self-examination (BSE), through health training activities. Keywords: BSE training, menopausal age women, knowledge

EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF INTERVENTIONS ON BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG ADOLESCENT FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Background: Adolescent females have reduced ability to self-detect breast abnormalities early. Improving their knowledge and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) will reverse this trend. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of two interventions on BSE knowledge and practice among in-school adolescent females in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental research was conducted among ninety female secondary school students selected using a multistage sampling technique from three public secondary schools in the state. There were three groups: two experimental groups and a control. Experimental groups had BSE educational pamphlet alone (BPAM), and a combination of BSE pamphlet and BSE training (BPAME). The control group had a cervical cancer educational pamphlet. Participants were followed-up for eight weeks after the study implementation. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Mean age of respondents was 15.64 ± 1.33years. There was a significant difference in the respondents' level of BSE knowledge between baseline and 8 weeks follow-up (BPAM=5.20±2.28 to 21.56±1.85, t =29.44, 29 p&lt;.05; BPAME=7.03±1.13 to 21.73±1.26, t =31.77, p&lt;.05), and a significant difference in the level of BSE practice 29 between baseline and 8 weeks follow-up (BPAM 0.33±1.21 to 4.90± 1.56, t =13.25, p&lt;.05; BPAME= 32.76±4.66 29 to 63.83±2.80, t =18.99, p&lt;.05). Both interventions had same impact on BSE knowledge (Effect size ES=0.97, 29 p=0.000) but BPAME had a higher impact on BSE practice [(BPAM: ES=0.87, p=0.000) and (BPAME: ES=0.92, p=0.000)]. Conclusion: Both interventions had significant influence on the respondents' knowledge and practice of BSE but combined BSE pamphlet and training had more impact on BSE practice.

Effect of breast-self examination training on health beliefs and practices: student nurses educating relatives

Purpose: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a critical technique in early detection of breast diseases, especially cancer. This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of BSE training on health beliefs and practices among relatives of nursing students. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 133 relatives of nursing students. After training student nurses about BSE, they were requested to train their relatives regarding BSE. The data were collected before and 6 months after BSE training. Results: It was determined that 39.1% (n=52) of women performed BSE before the training and 87.2% (n=116) of them after the training and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Sensitivity perception (Z=-2.915, p=0.004), benefit perception (Z=-4.888, p=0.0001) and confidence perception (Z=-2.503, p=0.012) of women significantly increased and disability perception (Z=-8.576, p=0.0001) decreased significantly after the training. Conclusions: In conclusion, the BSE training given by nursing students to their relatives enhanced health beliefs and practices of the participants.

PELATIHAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) PADA SISWI SMA BINA LESTARI KECAMATAN GANDUS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KANKER PAYUDARA

Breast cancer has become one of the most common female malignant tumors in the world and a leading cause of death. Disease is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries where most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Still finding cases at an early stage makes early detection and screening efforts very important. The prognosis for long-term cure is relatively high if cancer is detected early and managed regularly. Health education is a practical and effective method to raise awareness of women about the importance of early detection of breast cancer. Health education has been proven to be effective in increasing knowledge and frequency of breast examinations with BSE. This activity aims to provide training through increasing the knowledge and skills of young women, especially Bina Lestari Palembang high school students in early detection of breast cancer with BSE. The training method is counseling by providing education and breast self-examination with BSE. Pre test and post test before and after training. The results of the counseling had a positive impact on the training participants where most of the students experienced a significant increase in knowledge after attending breast self-examination training as an effort to prevent breast cancer.

The Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Health Education Campaign and Breast Self-Examination Training among Female Detainees, Khartoum City- Sudan

Introduction: Breast cancer has high mortality rate because most cases present at late stages. However, certain acts like breast self-examination may reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of breast cancer health education campaign and breast self-examination training among female detainees, Khartoum city- Sudan.

Effect of Cultural-Based Breast Self-Examination Educational Program on BSE Self Efficacy Among Nursing Student, Indonesia

The clinical breast self-examination is one of the strategies to prevent breast cancer to women. Previous study was conducting to promote breast self-examination, but the study did not consider about the role of culture on health behavior. The purpose of this quasi-experimental design was to examine the effect of cultural-based breast self-examination (BSE) educational program on BSE self-efficacy among nursing students. The cultural-based BSE educational program was developed based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and Islamic Culture. A stratified proportionate random sampling method was employed to recruit nursing students at Public Nursing College, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University in Aceh, Indonesia. Seventy-six students who met the inclusion criteria were recruited, 36 students were in the experimental group and 40 students were in the control group. The experimental group received the cultural-based BSE educational program including exploring Islamic mandate on prevention and individual responsibility in health promotion and cultural related beliefs toward BSE, health education, BSE training, and follow-up. The BSE self-efficacy scores were examined after 3 weeks of program implementation. The statistical analysis was conducted using dependent t-test and independent t-test. The results showed, the BSE self- efficacy of the nursing students in the experimental group were significantly higher than before participation ( t (35) =-5.02, p .001). Further, the BSE self-efficacy score in the experimental group was significantly higher than thecontrol group after participation the program (t (74) = 3.49, p .01). The result showed differences of the overall BSE self-efficacy and the subscale: BSE procedural efficacy (p .01), but not significant differences for the subscale: BSE barrier management efficacy (p .05). The cultural-based BSE educational program is effective in enhancing BSE self-efficacy among nursing students. The study suggests that the application of the cultural-based BSE educational program would be extended for other women and other nursing students in different areas.