Breast Milk Volume Research Articles

The Effect of Fennel and Black Seed, on Breast milk, Prolactin Levels and Anthropometric Index in Human and Animal Samples: A Review

Background: Breastfeeding is the best food for infants. Prolactin is combined with the corresponding receptors on the alveoli that produce milk, and milk production begins. We aimed to review the effect of fennel and black seed on breast milk, prolactin levels and anthropometric index in human and animal samples. Materials and Methods: After selecting the keywords related to the research question, searching of the online databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, SID and Magiran) were done. After reviewing the retrieved studies based on the title, abstract and full text, and related articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Ten studies were included into review. One study indicated the arousal serum levels of prolactin in lactating mothers using fennel. Four studies showed the fennel as alone or embodied in the herbal tea can increase breast milk. In contrast to the above four studies, a combination of fennel, anise, cumin, dill, parsley and fennel flower had no effect on breast milk volume and neonate weight gain.Two studies inspected the effects of fennel in animal studies. Although 140 and 280 μL doses of fennel have significantly increased prolactin in comparison with 35 and 70 μL g doses, this increment is not sufficient to increase breast milk and, subsequently, to elevate neonates weight with fennel to dairy goats have enhancement and reduction effect, respectively on performance and negative energy balance in early lactation. In another study, black seed improved milk production in cows, while it did not change composition of milk and prolactin. Conclusion: Based on the results, fennel is recommended to increase breast milk, prolactin levels in lactating women.

Breast milk volume using portable double pump microcontroller Arduino Nano

This study aims to understand the workings of portable double pumping Arduino Nano microcontroller, and analyze the average volume of breast milk produced between right and left breast using a portable double pumping using an Arduino Nano microcontroller. The study was conducted in the working area of the Jumpandang Baru Health Center. The breast milk-experimental method uses a pilot study approach. The sample collection formula is a feeder experiment with a purposive sampling technique following the predetermined inclusion criteria obtained by a sample of 15 breastfeeding mothers. There was a difference in the average expenditure of breast milk after being pumped for 15min using a portable double pumping Arduino Nano microcontroller with a value of ρ=0.028, ρ<α=0.05, the right breast produced more milk with an average value of 68.0ml, while for the left breast the average value is 55.0ml. Our result confirmed that portable double pumping Arduino Nano microcontroller can be used as a breast milk tool for working mothers.

EFFECT OF THE COMBINATION OF WOOLWICH AND EFFLURAGE MASSAGE ON BREAST MILK PRODUCTION AMONG NORMAL POSTPARTUM WOMEN

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low, one of which is due to lack of breast milk production. Breast milk production is affected by prolactin reflex and let down reflex. Some of the methods to incrase breast milk production are woolwich massage and efflurage massage. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of woolwich massage and efflurage massage on breast milk production among normal postpartum women. This was a quasi experimental study with non randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty samples were selected using purposive sampling technique, where 15 samples were assigned to the experiment group and control group, respectively. Breast milk production was measured based on the breast milk volume and the infant weight. These measurements were then repeated after 3 days of treatment. Data were then analyzed using dependent t-test and independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in breast milk volume after treatment in the experiment group (520.10 ml) and control group (171.97 ml) with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). It was also found that there was a significant difference in infant weight after treatment in the experiment group (353.87 grams) and control group (101.33 grams) with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). It can be concluded from this study that there was a statistically significant effect of the combination of woolwich massage and efflurage massage on breast milk production among normal postpartum women. It is expected that the combination of woolwich massage and efflurage massage can be used as a consideration and reference in providing midwifery care to postpartum women.

Effect of electroacupuncture at Shaoze (SI 1) on breast milk volume and composition in postpartum hypogalactia

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Shaoze (SI 1) on breast milk volume and nutrient composition in postpartum hypogalactia. A total of 62 women with postpartum hypogalactia were randomized into an observation group (31 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Electroacupuncture was exerted at Shaoze (SI 1) in the observation group and at Shangyang (LI 1) in the control group, 10 Hz in frequency, 30 min each time, once a day. The treatment for 5 times as one course and 3 courses of treatment were required totally. Separately, before treatment and at the end of 1 course and 3 courses of treatment, the breast milk volume was measured and the composition was analyzed. The breast milk volume, nutrient composition (lactose, fat and protein), breast milk energy and density were observed in the two groups. After treatment, the clinical effect was compared between the two groups. In the observation group, after 1 course of treatment, the breast milk volume and the values of lactose and protein in the breast milk were increased as compared with those before treatment, the breast milk energy and density were increased as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, the breast milk volume and the values of nutrient composition (lactose, fat and protein) were improved as compared with those before treatment, and the breast milk energy and density were increased obviously as compared with those before treatment in the observation group (all P<0.05). In the control group, after 1 course and 3 courses of treatment, only breast milk volume was increased obviously as compared with that before treatment (both P<0.05). After 1 course of treatment, the nutrient composition (lactose and protein), breast milk energy and density in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, the levels of breast milk volume, nutrient composition (lactose, fat and protein), breast milk energy and density in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The effective rate was 92.9% (26/28) in the observation group, which was higher than 17.9% (5/28) in the control group (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture at Shaozhe (SI 1) increases breast milk volume in patients with postpartum hypogalactia and promotes the production of the nutrient composition in breast milk, as well as the breast milk energy and density.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi women in Najran area towards breastfeeding during Ramadan.

Breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant feeding practice. Many factors influence breastfeeding, one of them is breastfeeding during Ramadan. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, practice and attitude of breastfeeding among women in Najran area, Saudi Arabia, during month of Ramadan. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a self-administrated questionnaire was conducted in June and July 2015. A total of 169 breastfeeding women visiting the Gynaecology Clinic in Najran University hospital were randomly recruited. Data were analysed by using statistical package for the social sciences version 20.0. Of the study population, 89.9% showed that they used to practice breastfeeding while fasting during the day in Ramadan (p < 0.000). The study revealed that 85.8% of the participants thought that fasting does not alter the nutritional composition of breast milk (p < 0.001). Around 80.5% stated that fasting has no adverse effect on the volume of breast milk and the growth of the infants during Ramadan. Women's knowledge about fasting and infant growth was significantly associated with their age and education (p value =0.011 and 0.031, respectively). To conclude, majority of the study population had positive knowledge, attitude and practice towards breastfeeding in Ramadan. Breastfeeding promotion programs are needed to provide support and advice to women regarding breastfeeding during Ramadan and improve their breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge which will lead to short- and long-term benefits for infants, mothers, environment, economy and the entire society.

Antiepileptic Drug Exposure in Infants of Breastfeeding Mothers With Epilepsy

There is limited information on infant drug exposure via breastfeeding by mothers who are receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. To provide direct, objective information on antiepileptic drug exposure through breast milk. This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 2012 to October 2016, with follow-up in children until 6 years of age at 20 sites across the United States. Data were collected via an observational multicenter investigation (Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs [MONEAD]) of outcomes in pregnant mothers with epilepsy and their children. Pregnant women with epilepsy who were aged 14 to 45 years, had pregnancies that had progressed to less than 20 weeks' gestational age, and had measured IQ scores of more than 70 points were enrolled and followed up through pregnancy and 9 postpartum months. Their infants were enrolled at birth. Data were analyzed from May 2014 to August 2019. Antiepileptic drug exposure in infants who were breastfed. The percentage of infant-to-mother concentration of antiepileptic drugs. Antiepileptic drug concentrations were quantified from blood samples collected from infants and mothers at the same visit, 5 to 20 weeks after birth. Concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in infants at less than the lower limit of quantification were assessed as half of the lower limit. Additional measures collected were the total duration of all daily breastfeeding sessions and/or the volume of pumped breast milk ingested from a bottle. A total of 351 women (of 865 screened and 503 eligible individuals) were enrolled, along with their 345 infants (179 female children [51.9%]; median [range] age, 13 [5-20] weeks). Of the 345 infants, 222 (64.3%) were breastfed; the data collection yielded 164 matching infant-mother concentration pairs from 138 infants. Approximately 49% of all antiepileptic drug concentrations in nursing infants were less than the lower limit of quantification. The median percentage of infant-to-mother concentration for all 7 antiepileptic drugs and 1 metabolite (carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, valproate, and zonisamide) ranged from 0.3% (range, 0.2%-0.9%) to 44.2% (range, 35.2%-125.3%). In multiple linear regression models, maternal concentration was a significant factor associated with lamotrigine concentration in infants (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.58; P < .001) but not levetiracetam concentration in infants. Overall, antiepileptic drug concentrations in blood samples of infants who were breastfed were substantially lower than maternal blood concentrations. Given the well-known benefits of breastfeeding and the prior studies demonstrating no ill effects when the mother was receiving antiepileptic drugs, these findings support the breastfeeding of infants by mothers with epilepsy who are taking antiepileptic drug therapy.

Nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating mammary epithelial cells concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor in vitro

Nicotine from tobacco smoke is absorbed into the bloodstream and transferred into breast milk in breastfeeding mothers. Smoking causes a decrease in breast milk volume, adverse changes to the milk composition, and a shortened lactation period. Breast milk is produced by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in mammary glands during lactation. However, it remains unclear whether nicotine directly affects milk production in lactating MECs. To address this issue, we prepared a culture model with high milk production ability and less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) by seeding mouse MECs on a cell culture insert. Lactating MECs showed expression of α2, α3, β2, and β4 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The high concentration of nicotine at 10–100 μM inhibited β-casein secretion and caused abnormal localization of TJ proteins. We subsequently investigated whether nicotine at a physiological concentration could affect lactating MECs. Nicotine at 1.0 μM directly inhibited α- and β-casein secretion in lactating MECs concurrently with inactivation of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor without affecting the TJ barrier. Nicotine treatment also induced MEC apoptosis concurrently with inactivation of Akt. These results support the adverse effects of nicotine on breastfeeding in smoking mothers.

PENGARUH SARI KURMA TERHADAP PROLAKTIN DAN PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI BPM PIPIN HERIYANTI YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2017

Background: Breastfeeding is exceptionally superior, giving mother and infants distinct and subtastial physical, mental, and developmental health advantages. Palm fruit has content of phytonutrients with antioxidant properties and galactagogues to help increase their milk supply in the early postpatum days. The lowest exclusive brest feeding rates in DIY is in the city of Yogyakarta. Exclusive breast feeding improves infant immunity so as to minimize the occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, fever that is caused by some allergic reactions.&#x0D; Objectifive: :This study aimed to analyze the relationship between date palm fruits on postpartum to prolactin and volume of breast milk&#x0D; Method: Research was conducted on maternal postpartum which is divided into two groups. They are the control group; and the treatment group which was given dates palm fruit. Breast milk volume and prolactin was measured at 3 day after labor. The analytical method used is Student T-test.&#x0D; Results: Date Palm fruits increased prolactin and volume of breast milk which was significantly on firstweek breastfeeding increase in the treatment group compared to the control group at p &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: Date Palm fruits is one of the alternatives that can be done to improve the success of exclusive breast feeding on postpartum.&#x0D; Key Words: Date palm fruit, postpartum, prolactin and volume of breast milk

PENGARUH PIJAT OKSITOSIN TERHADAP PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI BPM PIPIN HERIYANTI YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2016

Background: The lowest exclusive brest feeding rates in DIY is in the city of Yogyakarta. Exclusive breast feeding improves infant immunity so as to minimize the occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, fever that is caused by some allergic reactions. The success of primi maternal postpartum primi exclusive breast feeding is strongly influenced by the success of the early suckle. Massaging the hip area, or the costa until scapulla can provide a sense of comfort and relax in postpartum mothers so that will help the success of early breast feeding.&#x0D; Objectifive:This study aimed to analyze the relationship between oxytocin massage on primipara psotpartum to timing and volume of breast milk.&#x0D; Method: Research was conducted on primipara maternal postpartum which is divided into two groups. They are the control group; and the treatment group which was given the oxytocin massaged. Breast milk volume was measured at 12 hours after the massage by using a breast pump. The analytical method used is Student T-test. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the treatment group compared to the control group at p &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: Massage oxytocin significantly increase the volume of breast milk (p 0,000) and breast milk accelerate spending (0,012) in comparison with the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Massage oxytocin is one of the alternatives that can be done to improve the success of exclusive breast feeding on primipara maternal postpartum.&#x0D; Key Words: Oxytocin massage, postpartum, timing and volume of breast milk

Features of lactation in puerperal women with obesity

The objective: to determine the features of lactation in obese puerperas, depending on the body mass index and the therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods. The analysis and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative indicators (lactose, casein, total protein, lipids, lactoferrin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, vitamins C and E, immunoglobulins of G, A, M classes) of maternal milk in the dynamics of the postpartum period in 386 puerperas was conducted. The main group consisted of 115 women with obesity, the management of the preconception period, pregnancy and the postpartum period was carried out according to the proposed by us program, including non-drug and drug methods. The comparison group included 103 puerperas with obesity, the management of which was carried out in accordance with the Order No. 417 of the Ministry of health of Ukraine dated 15.07.2011. The control group consisted of 53 primiparous with normal body weight. Results. Analysis of the state of lactation revealed hypogalactia and pathological changes in the qualitative composition of breast milk, manifested in women with obesity and lower levels of lactose and lactoferrin by 1.6 times, total protein, ceruloplasmin by 2.2 times, lipids by 2.1 times, transferrin by 1.4 times, casein by 1,5 times, vitamin C by 1,8 times and E by 1,5 times, and the content of IgG by 2.1 times, IgM by 1.9 times, IgA by 2.2 times. The stage of hypogalactia severity and pathological changes in the quality of breast milk increase due to the body mass index growth. Conclusion. The proposed pathogenetically justified program of therapeutic and preventive measures contributed to the increase in the volume of breast milk and its quality improve. Key words: postpartum period, lactation, obesity.

ASSESMENT OF THE LACTATION IN PUERPERAL WOMEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROM

The article presents the results of assessing the state of lactation in puerperas with metabolic syndrome on the background of obesity.The aim of research: to assess the state of lactation in puerperas with metabolic syndrome, depending on body mass index and therapeutic and preventive measures taken.Material and methods: the analysis and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of maternal milk in the dynamics of the postpartum period in 386 puerperas was conducted. The main group consisted of 115 women with metabolic syndrome and obesity, the management of the preconception period, pregnancy and the postpartum period was carried out according to the proposed by us program, including non-drug and drug methods. The comparison group included 103 puerperas with obesity, the management of which was carried out in accordance with the Order No. 417 of the Ministry of health of Ukraine dated 15.07.2011. The control group consisted of 53 primiparous with normal body weight.Results and discussion: analysis of the state of lactation revealed hypogalactia and pathological changes in the qualitative composition of breast milk, manifested in women with obesity and lower levels of lactose and lactoferrin by 1,6 times, total protein, ceruloplasmin by 2,2 times, lipids by 2,1 times, transferrin by 1,4 times, casein by 1,5 times.Conclusion: The stage of hypogalactia severity and pathological changes in the quality of breast milk increase due to the body mass index growth. The proposed pathogenetically justified program of therapeutic and preventive measures contributed to the increase in the volume of breast milk and its quality improve.

PENGEMBANGAN MAKANAN LOKAL MEGONO LAKTAGENIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI AIR SUSU IBU DAN MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN BAYI

This researched aims to: 1) Develop local food potentials into innovative product of lactagenic &#x0D; megono food, 2) Analyzed the nutritional content of lactagenic megono product,3) Analyzed the &#x0D; influence of lactagenic megono on increasing breast milk production and infant growth. Methods of &#x0D; this researched include: 1) Hedonic organoleptic perceptive test of three megono recipes derived from &#x0D; the community around Pekalongan. The selected product then tested proximate and intervention was &#x0D; conducted by lactating mothers. The result of hedonic organoleptic test proves that the selected &#x0D; product is A megono recipe, the value of taste attribute got 87, the aroma got 84, the texture attribute&#x0D; got 89 and the color attribute got 86. The proximate test shows that the water content is 79,98%, the &#x0D; ash content is 2,611%, the fat content is 1,653%, the protein level is 2,967, andthe carbohydrate level &#x0D; is 12,789%. The mean of infant weight in the control group increased until to 3&#x0D; rd&#x0D; weeks by 19.17 &#x0D; grams, in the intervention group of 684.26 grams. The average increase of breast milk volume in the &#x0D; control group was 63.413 ml, in the intervention group of 221.413 ml. The result of Anova test no&#x0D; difference of infant weight in control group (? value equal to 0,949&gt; 0,05), in group of intervention &#x0D; given by megono lactagenichas significant difference (? value equal to 0,048

Effects of Reflexology Strategy on the Mothers Breast Milk Volume and Their Premature Weight Gain

Background: Reflexology means the application of the manual the pressure to specific points of the feet called "reflex points" that are believed to correspond to other parts of the body. The study aimed to assess the effect of reflexology strategy on the mother’s breast milk volume and their premature weight gain.&#x0D; Design: An experimental design was used to conduct the study. A convenience sample of 120 Primiparous mothers and their preterm infants was chosen based on systematic simple random.&#x0D; Methods: Three tools were designed by the researchers to collect the necessary data to implement the reflexology strategy framework. 1.Structured interview questionnaire sheet, 2. Assessment observational checklist sheet for Premature using 2 scales: A. Transitioning from tube feeds to oral feeds, B. The Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale, three Evaluation Phase observational checklist based on Mother-Infant- Breastfeeding Progress Tool (MIBPT):&#x0D; Statistical Analysis: The collected data were coded, analyzed, figured and tabulated using frequencies and percentage, mean, standard deviation &amp; chi-square tests.&#x0D; Results: There were a statistically significant difference and marked improvement in reflexology group total scores of feeding performance (P &lt; 0.001) after intervention for 6 weeks approved of reflexology strategy. Reflexology group majority (88.3%) demonstrated good breastfeeding as compared to (55.2%) in the study group. &#x0D; Conclusion: The present study highlights the effect of reflexology strategy on the mother’s satisfaction, breast milk volume, and their premature weight gain. On the other hand, intervention accelerates the early transition of premature from the tube feeding to breastfeeding and discharge from the hospital.&#x0D; Recommendation: In-service education program could be designed and implemented in the pediatric field to enable the nurses to apply reflexology strategy to improve empower early transitioning of the preterm from tube feeds to breastfeeding and early discharge. Reflexology strategy is non-pharmacological, simple, noninvasive and cheap technique would be welcomed by the nurses, physicians and mothers.

Micronutrient intakes of lactating mothers and their association with breast milk concentrations and micronutrient adequacy of exclusively breastfed Indonesian infants

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast milk is the sole source of nutrition for exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 mo of life, yet few studies have measured micronutrient concentrations in breast milk in light of maternal diet and subsequent infant micronutrient intakes.ObjectivesWe evaluated the adequacy of micronutrient intakes of exclusively breastfed Indonesian infants by measuring milk volume and micronutrient concentrations and assessed maternal micronutrient intakes and their relationship with milk concentrations.MethodsMother–infant (2–5.3 mo) dyads (n = 113) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Volume of breast-milk intake via the deuterium dose-to-mother technique over 14 d and analyzed micronutrient concentrations were used to calculate micronutrient intakes of exclusively breastfed infants. Maternal 3-d weighed food records were collected to assess median (IQR) micronutrient intakes. Multivariate regression analyses examined the association of usual maternal micronutrient intakes with milk micronutrient concentrations after adjustment for confounding variables.ResultsMean ± SD intake of breast-milk volume was 787 ± 148 mL/d. Median daily infant intakes of iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, sodium, and B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12) were below their respective Adequate Intakes. Inadequacies in maternal intakes (as % < estimated average requirements) were >40% for calcium, niacin, and vitamins A, B-6, and B-12. Significant positive associations existed between maternal usual intakes of vitamin A, niacin and riboflavin and milk retinol, nicotinamide, and free riboflavin concentrations in both unadjusted and adjusted (for infant age, milk volume, and parity) analyses (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe majority of micronutrient intakes for these exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers fell below recommendations, with associations between maternal intakes and breast-milk concentrations for 3 nutrients. Data on nutrient requirements of exclusively breastfed infants are limited, and a better understanding of the influence of maternal nutritional status on milk nutrient concentrations and its impact on the breastfed infant is needed.

Breastmilk intake among exclusively breastfed Indonesian infants is negatively associated with maternal fat mass

Excessive maternal fat mass may impair lactogenesis and lead to lower breastmilk volume. We investigated this relationship in rural Indonesian exclusively breastfeeding mother–infant (2–5.3 months) dyads (n = 112) by measuring breastmilk intake by deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique (DDMT) and maternal fat mass by DDMT, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and body mass index (BMI). We also compared fat mass assessed by DDMT and BIA. In this population, we found a significant negative relationship between breastmilk intake and maternal fat mass measured by DDMT (β = −5.04 mL, 95% CI: −9.36, −0.72, P = 0.023), and similar but slightly weaker negative trend with BIA and BMI, after adjusting for social-economic status, maternal age, infant age and sex. Maternal fat mass estimates by BIA and DDMT showed good agreement. In light of the trend for overweight and obesity worldwide, further research is needed into the underlying mechanisms of this negative relationship.

Role of days postdelivery on breast milk production: a secondary analysis from the EMPOWER trial

BackgroundWith an increasing demand for mother’s own milk to be viewed as a primary source of nutritional support in the care of very small and preterm infants, mothers of preterm infants may be at risk of expressing suboptimal amounts of milk. The use of a galactogogue is often considered when these mothers are still having challenges in breast milk production.MethodsFor this analysis, the study participants were the 90 mothers who participated in the EMPOWER trial and, at the time of randomization, were stratified by days post-delivery, 8–14 days and 15–21 days. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of mothers in each of the days post-delivery groups who achieved a 50% increase in breast milk volume on day 14 of the study treatment period.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of mothers in the 8–14 days group (75.0%) who achieved a 50% increase in breast milk volume on day 14 of the study treatment period.compared to those in the 15–21 days group (60.9%), OR 1.93 (95% CI 0.78, 4.76; p = 0.15). Because comorbidities and exposure to antenatal corticosteroids between the groups of mothers were viewed as potential confounders, a logistic regression was performed after controlling for these two variables with the adjusted OR being 1.84 (0.73, 4.64; p = 0.19).ConclusionsThis secondary analysis was able to demonstrate that mothers of very preterm infants, < 30 weeks gestation at birth, were able to respond to the study treatment in a similar fashion regardless of timing of entry and exposure to domperidone. In the presence of a suboptimal breast milk production by the end of the first week postpartum, below 250 ml/kg/d based on infant birth weight, a 14 day treatment of domperidone could be considered to augment breast milk production.Trial registrationEMPOWER has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT 01512225) on January 10, 2012.

Combination of Pectoralis Major Muscle Massage and Endorphine Massage in Trimester III Pregnant Women for the Removal of Post Partum ASI in Palu City

The inhibiting factor in breastfeeding is the production of breastfeeding it self. The production of breast milk which is less and slowly exits can cause the mother not to give enough milk to her baby. Stimulating breastmilk production can be done by trying to stimulate prolactin and oxytocin hormones including by carrying out breast care on the skin, through pectoralis major muscle massage and endorphine massage to accelerate oxygen and make the mother feel relaxed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the combination of pectoralis major muscle massage and endorphine massage in third trimester pregnant women on breast milk release in post partum mothers. This type of research is quasi-experimental with the design of the Static-Group Comparasion. The study was conducted in September-November 2018 in the area of the Kamonji Health Center in the City of Palu. The population consisted of an intervention group of 24 people combined treatment of pectoralis major muscle massage followed by endorphine massage, and a control group of 24 people not given treatment. Sampling using the executive sampling technique. Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of this study obtained by the intervention group had an average volume of breast milk of 1.36 cc, a minimum value of 05, cc and a maximum of 2.3 cc. while the control group has an average value of 0.38 cc, a minimum value of 0.1 cc and a maximum of 0.8 cc. it means there is a difference in the average volume of breast milk in the intervention group higher than the control group. This result is based on thestatistic Mann-Whitney Test obtained p value = 0,000. It was concluded, the combination of major pectoralis muscle massage and endorphine massage in third trimester pregnant women was effective against post partum breast milk release. Suggestion, the need for health center officers to apply this complementary therapy so that the target of exclusive breastfeeding is achieved.

Medications in breastfeeding: what evidence is there?

Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in the benefits for the health of the newborn child and the nursing mother. The use of medications during breastfeeding is a relevant issue, by virtue of the frequent need for pharmacological treatment in the postpartum period. The scope of this article was to conduct a review of the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of medications used during the breastfeeding period. A search was conducted in the PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) databases for articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the period from 1981 to 2016. This review discusses the risk of the use of medications during lactation and the effects that they may have on the breastfed infant. Few medications are contraindicated and others require care due the risk of adverse effects on breastfed infants or in the suppression of breast milk volume. Therefore, the dissemination of updated information for the health professional to adequately assess the risks and the benefits of the use of medications during breastfeeding is of vital importance, thereby contributing to avoid early weaning.

Effect of Domperidone on Lactation in Low Milk Supply Women in Tehran, Iran

Background: The promotion of breastfeeding is a simple and efficient strategy in reducing morbidity and mortality among newborns worldwide. Domperidone is a blocker of dopamine receptors, which causes prolactin release. We aimed to determine the efficacy of Domperidone on the amount of breast milk secretion among mothers with low-milk-production. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was performed on 16 consecutive low-milk-producing women who were attending to Azad University Hospitals during 2013-2014. Eligible mothers received Domperidone at a dose of 30 mg orally/day (10 mg tablet three times daily) for a week. Breast-milk volume, as well as the serum levels of prolactin, were determined before and after the intervention. Also, any adverse drug reactions were recorded. Results: The mean breast milk volume was 173.7±47.7 and 326.8±26.1 ml before and after the intervention, respectively. Also, administered of Domperidone cloud significantly increase of %53.1 (p

Effectiveness of breast massage on the volume of expressed breast milk among mothers of neonates admitted in nicu in selected hospitals, Mangaluru

Background Breast massage is widely used throughout the world as a treatment of breast feeding problem and also there are many techniques used for breast massage for improving the volume of breast milk. Method A quasi experimental interrupted time series design was adopted with sixty postnatal mothers whose babies were admitted to the NICU were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using baseline proforma and breast milk volume diary. Results The result of the study showed that the mean breast milk volume at different time intervals separately for Experimental group (F=4.736, 8.462, 21.335) was significantly more than the table value (F critical value=3.1) at 0.05 level of significance. The mean amount of breast milk was compared between the cases and controls at different time interval. The “t” value (initial=1.356, day 1-1.439, 4.224, 6.084; day 2-2.789, 4.499, 7.140; day 3-2.679, 5.506, 9.031) was greater than table value (58=2.01). Association of demographic variables with the volume of expressed breast milk showed no significant association at 0.05 level of significance. Interpretation and conclusion The findings of the study proved that there was improvement in the volume of expressed breast milk due to breast massage. Breast massage can be used as an alternative method for improving the volume of expressed breast milk among post natal mothers. The main advantage is that breast massage is cheap and an easy method and has no side effects.