Breastfeeding Knowledge Research Articles

PENGETAHUAN IBU MENYUSUI TENTANG ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GUNUNG TUA

ASI or mother's milk is widely known to be able to provide appropriate nutrition for the needs of infants. WHO (World Health Organization) advises mothers around the world to give exclusive breastfeeding, namely giving only breast milk, without intake of other substances including water except vitamins; mineral; or medicine in the form of drops or syrup, during the first six months of the baby's life and continuing until the 2nd year of the baby's life. (Syafiq, 2017). Based on the state of the data above, the researcher wants to see an overview of breastfeeding mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the Working Area of ??the Gunung Tua Health Center. Research Objectives To find out the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about exclusive breastfeeding at the Gunung Tua Health Center. Type and Design This research is descriptive observational with a qualitative approach, conducted in the working area of ??the Gunung Tua Health Center to find out the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about exclusive breastfeeding at the Gunung Tua Health Center. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies 0-6 months at Gunung Tua Health Center totaling 40 people. The total sample was all breastfeeding mothers who visited as many as 40 people. Based on these results, the knowledge of postpartum mothers showed that the majority had good knowledge of breastfeeding, totaling 22 people (55%). For attitudes, the research results obtained attitudes towards postpartum mothers which showed that the majority had good attitudes about breastfeeding, as many as 25 people (65.5%) , And based on the results of this study on the actions of postpartum mothers who showed the majority had sufficient action totaling 18 people (45%). Conclusions Based on the description of the results and discussion it can be concluded from the results of research conducted on 40 respondents in the Working Area of ??the Gunung Tua Health Center as a whole it can be it was concluded that postpartum mothers had good knowledge, namely 22 people (55%), good attitude of 25 people (62.5%) and those who had good enough actions were 18 people (45%).

Hubungan Pengetahuan Manajemen Laktasi dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Ibu Menyusui

Lactation management is all efforts to help mothers succeed in breastfeeding their babies. Exclusive breastfeeding is giving only breast milk to the baby and not giving the baby any other food or drink. The implementation of midwifery activities as the spearhead of the implementation of the MCH program shows that, in general, the quality of the implementation of midwifery activities, including Antenatal Care services, is still low. This study aims to know the relationship between lactation management with exclusive breastfeeding in nursing mothers. The design method in this study is correlational research. The method used in this study uses secondary data derived from several research journals, namely, Hilarius Holan Woja et al. (2018), Yovan Hendrik, Elise Putri (2016), Herry, Evi Nurafiah (2020). Results of the analysis of the 3 (three) study obtained a significant value = 0.006 (p-value ≤ 0.05. There is a relationship between knowledge of lactation management and exclusive breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers.

The Current Status of Breastfeeding Knowledge and Its Influencing Factors in Nursing Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.

The aim of this study was to explore the breastfeeding knowledge of nursing undergraduates and the influencing factors. Human milk (HM) is one of the most effective nutritional supplies to improve early development and physical health, but the current status of breastfeeding in China is still not optimal. The breastfeeding knowledge of perinatal women influences their feeding beliefs and behavior. Nursing undergraduates, as core professionals who will care for perinatal women and provide feeding guidance in the future, can significantly affect feeding behavior of mothers and their babies, so their knowledge of breastfeeding may have a potential impact on breastfeeding in China. However, studies on breastfeeding knowledge among nursing undergraduates in China are limited. A convenience sampling method was conducted in four medical universities in China, and eligible nursing undergraduates were selected. An online survey was collected from 5 July 2022 to 5 August 2022. Categorical data were reported as number and percentage, while continuous data were reported as mean ± SD. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the association between influencing factors and breastfeeding knowledge. The overall mean score of the 460 returned questionnaires was 43.991 out of 100. The pass rate of the questionnaire was only 23.04%. Nursing undergraduates had a relatively better grasp of the benefits of breastfeeding and related advice (correct rates: 67.83%). Birthplace, only child or not, the course in obstetrics and gynecological nursing, the course in pediatrics nursing, and placements in maternity or neonatology units were relevant factors for breastfeeding knowledge (p < 0.05). Nursing undergraduates showed unsatisfactory breastfeeding knowledge. It is urgent to raise the knowledge level of breastfeeding among nursing undergraduates. Medical colleges should optimally structure a curriculum of breastfeeding knowledge. Furthermore, it is also necessary to improve the public’s understanding of breastfeeding and the whole society’s attention to breastfeeding in China.

The Financial Costs of Mass Media Interventions Used for Improving Breastfeeding Practices in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Vietnam.

Breastfeeding is essential for child survival but globally less than fifty percent of infants receive adequate breastfeeding. Gaps in breastfeeding knowledge and misinformation are widespread. Mass media aims to motivate mothers and families, encourage care-seeking, improve social norms, and counteract misleading advertising. However, the costs and coverage of mass media are not well documented. Our study provides a cost-accounting of four large-scale mass media interventions and coverage obtained through mass media. We retrospectively calculated annual costs and costs per beneficiary of mass media interventions based on expenditure records in four countries. The interventions were a part of multi-component breastfeeding strategies in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Vietnam. Annual costs ranged from 566,366 USD in Nigeria to 1,210,286 USD in Vietnam. The number of mothers of children under two years and pregnant women ranged from 685,257 to 5,566,882, and all designated recipients reached during the life of programs ranged from 1,439,040 to 11,690,453 in Burkina Faso and Bangladesh, respectively. The cost per mother varied from USD 0.13 USD in Bangladesh to 0.85 USD in Burkina Faso. Evaluations showed that mass media interventions reached high coverage and frequent exposure. This analysis documents the financial costs and budgetary needs for implementing mass media components of large-scale breastfeeding programs. It provides annual costs, cost structures, and coverage achieved through mass media interventions in four low- and middle-income countries.

Perceptions of Mothers about Support and Self-Efficacy in Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Study.

Breastfeeding is a complex process influenced by different personal and social factors which will determine both the initiation and the resilience for its maintenance. The aim is to identify the beliefs and expectations of mothers concerning breastfeeding to determine the perception of their self-efficacy and the influence on the management of their babies' feeding. A qualitative study through semi-structured interviews was carried out. The sample size was defined by the saturation criteria. Twenty-two women participated, eleven were from an urban environment and eleven were from a rural environment. Mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding, their expectations of that process, their experience, and their strategies for overcoming problems associated with initiating, establishing, and continuing breastfeeding were influenced by the role of nurses and midwives in supporting their perception of self-efficacy. Likewise, maternity policies are important for the continuance of exclusive breastfeeding. This study shows the complexity of the initiation and establishment of breastfeeding and the existence of several social factors surrounding these moments. Furthermore, it demonstrates the importance and reference of nurses and midwives and the role of State maternity policies.

Factors Influencing a Mother's Ability to Breastfeed

Aim. The goal of this essay is to look into the factors that affect moms to start and continue exclusive breastfeeding. Background. Breastfeeding is the most successful and cost-efficient survival strategy, with the potential to cut child mortality in underdeveloped nations by up to 13% [2], [3]. Breastfeeding should begin within one hour of delivery, be exclusive from birth to six months of age, and continue until the child is two years old or older. [4] Materials and Methods. A qualitative design is used in this investigation. The experiences of breastfeeding informants will be collected, summarized, and reported in detail. narratively. In January 2020, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held with mothers of infants aged 5-6 months. The purpose of this study is to investigate exclusive breastfeeding knowledge, practice, and decision making. Result. The majority of moms have received information about exclusive breastfeeding, however there are still some mothers who have not. Mothers who have heard about exclusive breastfeeding nevertheless have varied ideas about how long they should breastfeed. Certainly, the mother is unaware of the length of exclusive nursing. Conclusions. Breastfeeding is a major global public health issue. This review demonstrates that information of exclusive breastfeeding, awareness of breastfeeding methods, and social support (family, husband, and health workers) are all elements that can influence exclusive breastfeeding success. Starting and keeping breastfeeding is still a difficulty for moms today, therefore understanding exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding legislation, and social support can all help with nursing success.

Examining students’ knowledge of infant feeding: A non-experimental descriptive study

Introduction: Breastfeeding rates in Canada are suboptimal, putting mothers and their infants’ health at risk. Understanding breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes in the university student population is important as many are likely to become parents in the future. University students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding infant feeding has been studied internationally; however, no studies including both female and male students have been conducted in Canada. The purpose of this study was to determine breastfeeding experiences, education, knowledge, infant feeding attitude and perceptions of the difference in mode of infant feeding among university students which can be used to inform future health promotion campaigns and school curriculum. Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which data from university students was collected to to identify knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding identify differences in knowledge of breast and bottle feeding. Results: Findings suggest 65% (n=117) of university students had no previous knowledge of breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: Breastfeeding information within the high school curriculum is needed to support evidence-informed preconception infant feeding choices and increase future parents' understanding of how breastfeeding works to assist them in meeting their future infant feeding goals and increase breastfeeding rates.

Breast Feeding Practices and Knowledge In Semi urban Area Of Pakistan

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the optimal breastfeeding practices and itsknowledge in women of semi- urban areas of Pakistan.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Pediatrics outpatient department. The data was collected in three months, from the 9th of March to the 6th of June 2021. Two hundred (200) mothers of children less than two years of age were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to interview mothers and readings were recorded. Demographic variables and mothers’ knowledge and practices of breast feeding were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.Results: The majority of mothers belonged to the age group 20-30 years, were educated to variousgrades of schooling, underwent caesarean section, had children less than 1 year of age, and came from families earning less than Pakistan Rupees 20,000 per month. The majority also thought to initiate breastfeeding after one hour of birth, were aware of it to be the first thing offered to neonates after birth, and knew beneficial effects of breastfeeding on maternal health. Though the majority of the mothers practiced prelacteal feed and didn’t exclusively breastfeed their child but practiced awakening their child for feeding if interval exceeded two hours. Most common prelacteal feed was honey, and bottle feeding was the most preferred mode of feeding the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with the mode of delivery (p=0.044). No statistically significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding with early initiation of feeding, maternal age, and maternal education.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study reveals that despite awareness, ‘optimal breastfeeding’ is not prac-ticed adequately in semi-urban areas of Pakistan. Mothers should be timely and properly counseled by healthcare professionals for breastfeeding to reduce morbidity and mortality in fants.

Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Home Care Management of Neonatal Jaundice in Qaladze - Sulaymaniyah City

Background and Objectives: Jaundice is the most common condition requiring medical attention in newborn babies. The mother has a significant role in reducing the effects. Early discharge of mothers and neonates from the hospitals increased the responsibility of mothers in recognizing jaundice has increased. This study aimed to assess the level of the mothers’ knowledge regarding home care management of neonatal jaundice. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Shahidan Qaladze Teaching Hospital from the period of January 2021 to March 2022. Purposive (non-probability) sampling techniques were used to recruit participants. The study sample included 114 mothers. Data was collected using a questionnaire prepared by the investigator, and direct interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics including, frequencies and percentages, and inferential statistical analysis of Chi-square was used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that 34.2% of the mothers were between 26-32 years. Concerning occupation, more than three-quarters (86%) of the sample were housewives. The study demonstrated that the majority (64.9%) of mothers did not have enough in-formation about jaundice. There was a statistically significant association between parents’ relatives and the source of information regarding the mother’s knowledge. The study showed a statistically significant association between mothers’ knowledge and early initiation of breastfeeding. Factors associated with mother’s knowledge include the mother’s age, occupation, years of formal education, residency areas, received health education on neonate jaundice, and the source of information. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that most mothers had a deficit of knowledge regarding home care management of neonatal jaundice. It is recommended to provide mothers with comprehensive health education about neonatal jaundice care to improve their knowledge and practice in caring for neonates with jaundice.

Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Family Support with Exclusive Breastfeeding

Exclusive breastfeeding is an important factor in infants, especially early breastfeeding (colostrum) because it's rich in antibodies which have an effect on reducing the risk of death. Government efforts to support an increase in exclusive breastfeeding have issued agreements or various recognition both globally and nationally aimed at protecting, and supporting breastfeeding. This is in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the three second targets, namely 2030, ending preventable infant and under-five mortality. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and family support simultaneously with exclusive breastfeeding at Sungai Menang Health Center, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in 2021. An analytical survey research with cross sectional. The population in this study were mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months totaling 389 respondents and the sample size was determined by the slovin formula. Obtained a sample of 79 respondents, the sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used chi square statistical test with research results p value value (0.05). The results of this study were from 33 respondents who had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding as many as 22 respondents (66.7%) with p value = 0.003, 31 respondents who got a positive attitude with exclusive breastfeeding as many as 19 respondents (61.3%) p value = 0.04, meanwhile, 26 respondents who received family support by exclusive breastfeeding were 19 respondents (73.1%) p value = 0.001. Midwives are expected to increase counseling and socialize the exclusive breastfeeding program to the community.

Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Protokol Kesehatan dalam Pemberian ASI Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Puskesmas Gilingan

Breast milk is the best source of nutrition to give to babies. Sustainability of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by various factors, including knowledge and compliance with health protocols when breastfeeding, the Covid-19 pandemic makes the psychological condition of breastfeeding mothers disturbed. Mothers are worried that breastfeeding can transmit the virus to their babies. Problems will arise if the mother does not understand and do not have compliance with health protocols in breastfeeding during a pandemic. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of knowledge and compliance with health protocols in breastfeeding during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Gilingan Health Center. This type of descriptive research uses a retrospective approach. The population is 149 breastfeeding mothers with babies aged 0-6 months at the Gilingan Health Center. The sample in the study was 60 respondents with random sampling data collection techniques according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument used a closed questionnaire. Univariate data analysis. The results showed that almost half of the respondents had less knowledge in breastfeeding, namely 25 respondents (41.7%) and most of the respondents did not comply with the health protocol in breastfeeding, namely 38 respondents (63.3%).

Knowledge gaps related to breastfeeding and immunization in the mothers of infants with congenital heart diseases: An urgent concern

BackgroundInfants born with congenital heart diseases are extremely vulnerable to infections. ObjectivesWe explored the knowledge and practices of the mothers of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) related to breastfeeding and immunization and also assessed the breastfeeding rate and immunization coverage of infants with CHD. MethodIn a cross-sectional study, mothers (N = 100) of infants with congenital heart disease attending the outdoor patient department (OPD) were enrolled using convenience sampling. A structured self-developed pretested and validated knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 for windows. ResultThe mean age of the mothers was 26.57 years (SD ± 4.1), with most (59) mothers having one child and mothers educated up to secondary level (44). The median age of the infants was 4.35 months (IQR, 2–12). The median breastfeeding and immunization knowledge scores of the mothers were 9 (6.5–10.0) and 4.5 (2–6) respectively. A significant number of mothers had poor knowledge related to immunization (83) and breastfeeding (33). The majority of infants were either partially breastfed or not breastfed (69) and partially vaccinated (66) at the time of the survey. ConclusionA significant remediable gap was observed in the knowledge of the mothers of infants with CHD, requiring a regular educational session on breastfeeding and immunization in the follow-up OPD by the health care providers.

Knowledge, attitude, and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic among lactating mothers in Mekelle, Tigrai: a cross sectional study

BackgroundDue to the nutritive and immunologic benefits of breastmilk, children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, even during the corona virus pandemic. However, fear of transmission risk and pandemic-related restrictions could undermine the practice of breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during COVID-19 among lactating mothers in Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 621 lactating mothers living in Mekelle city, Tigrai, from April to June, 2021. Data were collected using an adapted form of a standard KAP questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent determinants of EBF at a statistical significance of p < 0.05. The strength of the association was measured by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.ResultsFour hundred (64.4%) mothers exclusively breastfed their children. Infants from female-headed households had twice (AOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.31, 3.71) higher odds of EBF. Higher educational status was associated with higher odds of EBF practice. A unit increase in parity was associated with a 23% increase in the odds of EBF. Mothers who received breastfeeding information had a 73% (AOR 1.73; 95% CI 1.17, 2.56) higher odds of EBF. Moreover, mothers with high knowledge score and positive attitude showed a 74% higher (AOR 1.74; 95% CI 1.20, 2.51) and more than double (AOR 2.35; 95% CI 1.50, 3.70) odds of EBF, respectively.ConclusionAbout two-thirds of the mothers practiced EBF. Household head, maternal educational, parity, breastfeeding information, knowledge of breastfeeding, and attitude towards EBF were significant determinants of EBF. Our study findings highlighted that programs that enhance women’s participation in education and decision-making could improve EBF practice. Besides, during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing lactating mothers with adequate and up-to-date breastfeeding information could be significant in improving EBF practice.

An Efforts to Improve Community Health Status through Stunting Prevention and PHBS in Bangorejo village, Banyuwangi

Background: Stunting is a developmental disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, repeated infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. PHBS is one of the efforts to prevent stunting in children all health behaviors that are carried out from personal awareness. This study mainly aimed to prevent stunting children at the Bangorejo Village, in Banyuwangi. Bangorejo Village with the socialization about stunting and PHBS that has been given to them. Methods: This outreach program was carried out by delivering material along with a six-step handwashing workshop, questions and answers about stunting and PHBS, and distributing questionnaires. Results: The results showed that total of 36 respondents (100%) answered correctly on the stunting knowledge, malnutrition, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding. Total 24 respondents (66.7%) answered correctly about the impact of stunting. Total 16 respondents (44.4%) answered correctly regarding the causes of stunting. And total 10 respondents (27.8%) answered correctly about the golden child period. Almost all participants were able to answer that they practice first aid for childbirth, wash their hands using clean water with soap, use clean water, exclusively breastfeed babies, consume vegetables or fruit, and have proper smoking etiquette. Conclusion: The resulting data illustrates regarding the amount of public awareness of the problem of stunting in children and PHBS can be said to be good. But there were some participants who did not quite understand the material because there were still errors in answering the statements that had been given.

Factors Affecting Knowledge And Practice towards Breastfeeding in Women Who Have Recently Delivered in Duhok City

Background: Breastfeeding has been found to have a positive influence on a child's health even after 12 months of postpartum. The World Health Organization and United Nation Children Fund recommend a continued breastfeeding for up 2 years or beyond. Breastfeeding is widely known for its benefits to both mother and infant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect breastfeeding knowledge and practice of women who recently delivered in Duhok city. Method: A cross-sectional study, using a self-administered questionnaire among women who attended Duhok Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 14 November 2021 and 14 February 2022. All the participants were women aged 18-40 years. Result: All the participants were married women and multiparas ≥2 babies, aged 18-40 years with mean age of 29.22±5.6, more than one third (38.5%) was below 30 years old, and (33.5%) were having primary school educational levels. The women knowledge about breastfeeding in all of 400 recruited women were good in (91%) of them with a positive practice in (58.8%). The most common factors for discontinuing breastfeeding completely before 2 years in the previous deliveries were "insufficient breast milk production" in (36%), "felt it was the time to stop" in (34.3%), and "became pregnant or wanted to become pregnant again" was in (24.8%) of the study sample. The relation between the mode of delivery and women’s practices toward breastfeeding was a highly significance (P= 0.001). Conclusion: The most common barriers or factors responsible for stopping breastfeeding were the “felt it was time to stop" as lactating factors and "insufficient breast milk production" as psychological factor. Breastfeeding knowledge and practice were found to be modifiable factors that affect breastfeeding. The vast majority of the study sample had good knowledge about breastfeeding, with positive practices toward breastfeeding in half of the study sample

The effectiveness of an interactive digital-based educational program in improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy among primiparous women in Egypt.

Malnutrition is the main cause of two-thirds of deaths among Egyptian under five children, which could be due to reduced rates of breastfeeding, as it is one of the contributing factors. Breastfeeding is the optimal solution for health promotion to mothers and their infants. It has various benefits not only for the mother and infant but also for society. Breastfeeding educational programs are essential for the enhancement of knowledge and self-efficacy of new mothers, and to ensure a longer duration of breastfeeding. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of an interactive digital-based educational program about breastfeeding on the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of primiparous women in Egypt. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted. The study was held in Itay El-baroud maternal and child health center, whereby 120 pregnant women were purposively selected. Then, they were randomly assigned to either a study group (60) or control group (60). The derived data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20, Pearson correlation coefficient, chi-square test and independent sample t test were utilized. Four tools were utilized for data collection. A statistically significant mean difference was found concerning total breastfeeding knowledge scores after one month and three months. The total attitude and self-efficacy scores showed highly statistically significant differences after one month and three months from the start of the program. Moreover, breastfeeding self-efficacy was found to be positively correlated with knowledge and attitude. In conclusion, the interactive digital-based educational program about breastfeeding was suggested to be effective in enhancing the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of the primiparous women, in combination with other health education activities. Therefore, it is recommended that web-based educational sites are created for first-time mothers.

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING - A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY AMONG POSTPARTUM MOTHERS IN A NORTH INDIAN STATE

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge regarding breastfeeding among postpartum mothers who attended immunization clinics in four maternity hospitals in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Four maternity hospitals in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants: 400 postpartum mothers (up to 6 months) Methods: The data was collected after obtaining University ethical clearance and administrative permissions from the four maternity hospitals in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. 400 postpartum mothers who attended the immunization clinics (up to 6 months) were approached through convenience sampling technique. The participants were explained about the purpose of the study. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were selected. Informed consent was taken from the participants. The demographic data and breastfeeding related knowledge questionnaire was collected from the participants. Results: Only [46(11.5%)] postpartum mothers had good breastfeeding knowledge, [255(63.7%)] had average knowledge and [99(24.8%)] mothers had poor breastfeeding knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 4.94±1.92 (maximum score = 12 with mean score % = 41.16). Conclusions: Mothers knowledge is a key factor for improving breastfeeding rates. The majority of the mothers attending immunization clinics were having insufficient knowledge regarding breastfeeding. This underlines the need for the involvement of health care professionals in educating mothers about breastfeeding. Implications for Practice: While developing countries strive to increase institutional births, there is a growing demand for a healthy atmosphere for breastfeeding in health care facilities. Improving the knowledge of expecting mothers in the antenatal period itself can bring in a lot of change in practice of breastfeeding as breastfeeding knowledge is an important factor for improving breastfeeding outcomes. Antenatal counseling regarding breastfeeding, arrangement of child birth classes to couples, provision of guidance and support, are some of the steps which can enhance confidence in mothers and can lead to successful establishment of breastfeeding.

Disparities in 6 Month Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ghana, Africa: A Scoping Review.

Exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months is a critical global public health goal. In 2020, only 44% of infants globally, 31% in Central and West Africa, and 43% in Ghana, were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. To critically evaluate disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months in Ghana. The scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) six-stage scoping review process. The online databases of American Psychological Association PsychInfo (APA PsychInfo), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Scopus were searched with keywords inclusive of Ghana, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding, infant feeding, lactation, lactating, and exclusive. Eligibility criteria included full-text, peer-reviewed research articles written in the English language without limitation to specific years. Data were analyzed thematically. Initially, 317 records were identified, and 15 full-text articles were eligible for the scoping review. Four main themes emerged as disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ghana. The themes were healthcare (prenatal clinic visits, delivery place, exclusive breastfeeding knowledge), personal (maternal age, Human Immunodeficiency Virus status, parity, type of delivery, breast problem), employment (unemployed, formal, or informal sector worker), and sociocultural (ethnicity/region, family support, religious beliefs, cultural practices). Disparities in exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana warrant the collaborative efforts of stakeholders for successful mitigation. Future researchers should explore the role of religion and sociocultural practices to protect, promote, and support 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana.

IMPORTANCE OF INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT STUNTING

Exclusive breastfeeding is a perfect source of nutrition for babies containingall the nutritional components to meet the baby health in ideal baby growth and development. The low level of exclusive breastfeeding can have an impact on the decline in the baby's immune system and health. The phenomenon is that not all postpartum mothers want to give exclusive breastfeeding. Some refuse on the grounds of working, spoiling their appearance, breast milk does not come out, and other reasons related to myths about breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of leaflet media counseling on knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding for infants in Cisaranten Kidul Village. The method in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The research sample was 50 mothers with babies divided into twogroups. Sampling technique using Purposive Sampling. Data analysis through Wilxocon. The results showed an increase in knowledge before and after being given counseling by 13.45%. The Wilxocon test analysis is 0.00 &lt; 0.05, which means that leaflet media counseling has an effect on increasing knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Efforts to increase understanding of exclusive breastfeeding must continue to pursue to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding as an indicator of clean and healthy living behavior and prevent stunting for a stunting-free generation. There is a need for cross-program and cross-sector collaboration that enhances partnerships in increasing knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.

Mom’s Milk As Inspiration In The Creation Of Sclupture

Breastfeeding is the process of giving milk to a baby or child with breast milk form the mother’s breast. Through the breastfeeding process, there is a personal relationship between mother and child in loving energy. Various perspective on breastfeeding occur in the community, including knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding. The concept of breastfeeding, breastfeeding attitudes, visuals of the breastfeeding process are interesting thing to research and the serve as the basis for creating ideas. This creation aims to remind the importance of breastfeeding and increase knowledge and the creation of sculptures. The analysis is carried out based on aesthetic, semiotic and deformation theories. The research was conducted by means of observation, interviews, documentation and stages of creation with exploration, experimentation and formation. Utilization of the element and principles of sculpture is the basis of creation. The main media used are cornice and banana trees. As a form of creation are sculpture entitled “Mother’s Milk” and “ Mother’s Happiness”.