Breast Examination Research Articles

Breast self-examination among female medical students at Damascus University: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death in Syria. In young females, it is a serious complication, making it crucial to raise awareness about the disease and its early detection methods. Given the challenging circumstances that Syrians face, regular visits to medical centers for mammography are often not feasible. Therefore, breast self-examination (BSE) is a valuable tool for detecting cancer. Educating girls in medical colleges is key to disseminating knowledge about BSE among women, as they will become future healthcare providers and can share accurate information with their families. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the medical faculties of Damascus University (medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy), Syria. The study utilized a structured questionnaire on Google Forms with four sections. The questionnaire was prepared electronically, and shared as an online link in formal university groups on social media. Data collection started on September 19, 2022, and ended on October 19 of the same year. Participation was accepted from female students in medical colleges, ranging from second to fifth year (for dental and pharmacy students) and sixth year (for medical students). Data from other students and incomplete data were excluded. Results589 female medical students from three faculties (medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy) filled out the questionnaire. Only 57 % of the students demonstrated a good attitude towards BSE, and 79.6 % of them agreed or strongly agreed that they avoid BSE due to fear of the consequences of breast cancer. Regarding BSE knowledge, 89.6 % of the participants reported previously hearing about BSE, and 55.7 % of them had performed BSE before. The factors that were accompanied by better knowledge about BSE were: a good attitude towards BSE; previously performed BSE; studying in a medical faculty; study years for medical and pharmacy students; and higher college average grades. Whereas, having a medical relative and having a family member with a history of BC surprisingly do not impact the knowledge. ConclusionThe study, conducted at Damascus University in Syria, assessed the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female medical college students. The results indicate a moderate level of knowledge and limited practical experience in performing breast self-examination. These findings highlight the urgent need to emphasize the importance of promoting and teaching this method to a wider population of women in society.

ASO Visual Abstract: Routine Clinical Breast Examination is a Low-Yield Practice Among Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer.

ASO Visual Abstract: Routine Clinical Breast Examination is a Low-Yield Practice Among Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer.

Prevalence, Awareness, and Attitudes towards Breast Cancer among Women in Southeast Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is a significant health challenge in Southeast Nigeria, contributing to high morbidity and mortality among women. Factors such as limited access to healthcare, lack of awareness, and cultural stigmas exacerbate the burden, leading to late-stage diagnosis and poor survival rates. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence, awareness, and attitudes towards breast cancer among women in Southeast Nigeria, and to identify the risk factors and preventive measures practiced in this region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Southeast Nigeria. A stratified sampling method was used to select participants from urban and rural areas. Data were collected from 360 women using a structured. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were utilized for data analysis. Results: Awareness of breast cancer was high (96.67%), primarily obtained through the internet/social media (43.51%) and healthcare professionals (19.18%). However, knowledge about risk factors and symptoms was moderate to low, with only 14.17% considering themselves very knowledgeable. Regular breast self-examinations were practised by 30.28%, while 69.72% had never undergone clinical breast examinations. The prevalence of breast cancer diagnosis was 16.39%. Attitudes towards screening were positive, with 71.11% strongly agreeing that regular screening aids early detection. Despite this, confidence in identifying symptoms was low, with only 3.33% feeling very confident. Conclusions: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge and practices related to breast cancer despite high awareness levels. There is an urgent need for targeted educational programs to enhance knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, and the importance of regular screening. Improving healthcare access and addressing cultural barriers are crucial for early detection and better outcomes.

Improving Lesion Location Reproducibility in Handheld Breast Ultrasound.

Interoperator variability in the reproducibility of breast lesions found by handheld ultrasound (HHUS) can significantly interfere with clinical care. This study analyzed the features associated with breast mass position differences during HHUS. The ability of operators to reproduce the position of small masses and the time required to generate annotations with and without a computer-assisted scanning device (DEVICE) were also evaluated. This prospective study included 28 patients with 34 benign or probably benign small breast masses. Two operators generated manual and automated position annotations for each mass. The probe and body positions were systematically varied during scanning with the DEVICE, and the features describing mass movement were used in three logistic regression models trained to discriminate small from large breast mass displacements (cutoff: 10 mm). All models successfully discriminated small from large breast mass displacements (areas under the curve: 0.78 to 0.82). The interoperator localization precision was 6.6 ± 2.8 mm with DEVICE guidance and 19.9 ± 16.1 mm with manual annotations. Computer-assisted scanning reduced the time to annotate and reidentify a mass by 33 and 46 s on average, respectively. The results demonstrated that breast mass location reproducibility and exam efficiency improved by controlling operator actionable features with computer-assisted HHUS.

Ethnic inequalities in coverage and use of women’s cancer screening in Peru

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess ethnic inequalities in the coverage and utilization of cancer screening services among women in Peru.MethodsData from the 2017–2023 Demographic and Family Health Survey in Peru were analyzed to evaluate ethnic disparities in screening coverage for breast and cervical cancer, including clinical breast examination (CBE), Pap smear test (PST), and mammography. Measures such as the GINI coefficient and Slope Index of Inequality (SII) were used to quantify coverage and utilization disparities among ethnic groups.ResultsThe study included 70,454 women aged 30–69. Among women aged 40–69, 48.31% underwent CBE, 84.06% received PST, and 41.69% underwent mammography. It was found inequalities in coverage for any cancer screening (GINI: 0.10), mammography (GINI: 0.21), CBE (GINI: 0.19), and PST (GINI: 0.06), in 25 Peruvian regions. These inequalities were more pronounced in regions with larger populations of Quechua, Aymara, and Afro-Peruvian women. In rural areas, Quechua or Aymara women (SII: -0.83, -0.95, and − 0.69, respectively) and Afro-Peruvian women (SII: -0.80, -0.92, and − 0.58, respectively) experienced heightened inequalities in the uptake of CBE, mammography, and PST, respectively. Like Quechua or Aymara women (SII: -0.50, SII: -0.52, and SII: -0.50, respectively) and Afro-Peruvian women (SII: -0.50, SII: -0.58, and SII: -0.44, respectively) with only a primary education.ConclusionEthnic inequalities affect breast and cervical cancer screening coverage across regions in Peru. In Quechua, Aymara, and Afro-Peruvian women the uptake of mammography, CBE, and PST was less frequently than their white or mestizo counterparts. These inequalities are attributed to sociodemographic conditions such as lower education levels and residence in rural or non-capital areas.

Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Breast cancer is a significant public health concern globally, and early detection through screening programs can improve treatment outcomes and reduce mortality rates. However, the uptake of breast cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia is hindered by various barriers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the barriers to breast cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia, providing insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering screening uptake and informing tailored interventions and policy recommendations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases and grey literature sources to identify relevant studies on barriers to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Studies conducted between 2017 and 2023, employing diverse settings and methodologies, were included in the analysis. Data on the prevalence of barriers, family history of breast cancer, and self-reported breast examination practices were extracted and synthesized. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse populations and methodologies. The included studies predominantly employed cross-sectional survey designs and targeted various populations across different regions of Saudi Arabia. The barriers to breast cancer screening were investigated, revealing concerns such as fear of discovering cancer, embarrassment due to breast-related tests, fear of pain related to clinical examination, and lack of awareness. Additionally, a substantial proportion of participants reported a family history of breast cancer, indicating a significant risk factor for the disease. Self-reported breast examination practices varied among participants, with disparities in screening behaviors observed. Our review identified fear of diagnosis, embarrassment, and lack of awareness as key barriers to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Targeted interventions, including education and improved access, are essential to address these challenges and enhance early detection efforts, reducing the burden of breast cancer.

Sosialisasi Sadari Pada Remaja Putri di Desa Pulo Peding Kecamatan Babussalam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

Adolescence is a transition period from children to adults. Adolescence lasts from the age of 15-20 years. Developmental changes that occur during adolescence include physical, psychological and psychosocial development (Gainau, 2021). Adolescent girls experience secondary sexual signs in the form of widening of the hips, breast growth, hair growth around the genitals and armpits, as well as growth of the uterus and vagina (Sarwono, 2016). Breast self-examination or what is known as BSE, is a form of early detection prevention effort whose implementation procedure can be carried out by each individual woman more easily in order to find symptoms or signs related to breast cancer, for example; lump in the breast (Sari P, Sayuti S, Ridwan M, Rekiaddin LO, 2020). This community service activity takes the form of outreach about breast self-examination (BSE) to young women in Pulo Peding village, Babussalam District, Southeast Aceh Regency. This activity was attended by 30 participants with the aim of increasing teenagers' knowledge about BSE. The results of this activity were an increase in teenagers' knowledge before and after being given socialization, namely from an average knowledge score of 50 to 80. It is hoped that this activity can be useful for young women and doing BSE regularly to detect breast cancer early.

Prediction of breast cancer based on machine learning

Breast cancer is a frequent cancer that develops when normal cells in the breast transform into malignant cells. Breast cancer can arise from glandular tissue, muscular tissue, or fatty tissue in the breast. Many variables contribute to the risk of breast cancer, including genetics, environmental exposure, food, and lifestyle. Breast cancer should be detected early through breast self-examination, regular clinical evaluation, and mammography to identify any abnormal changes, In recent years, early detection of breast cancer in women has emerged as a beacon of hope and a pivotal point in the treatment of this dangerous disease, and its timely identification has become paramount. Modern advancements in technology, especially artificial intelligence algorithms, have played a vital role in developing systems that facilitate automated disease detection, diagnosis, rapid response, and a reduced risk of fatalities. This paper delves into a comparative study of various machine learning (ML) techniques, namely logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), linear SVM, Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The evaluation metrics used in this study are accuracy and elapsed time. The results show that Gaussian Naive Bayes achieved the highest accuracy of 94.07% in just 0.005495 seconds, outperforming SVM (91.85%), linear SVM (90.19%), logistic regression (87.04%), and ANN (37.04%). These findings highlight the potential of Gaussian Naive Bayes in aiding the early detection of breast cancer, leading to more effective and timely interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Machine learning (ML), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear SVM, Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs).

Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students at the University of Agadir, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Breast cancer is a pressing public health issue globally and in Morocco, with rising cases among women. This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness and self-examination practices among female university students, informing future educational interventions. A cross-sectional study surveyed 437 students at Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, using a questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, symptoms, and breast self-examination (BSE). Results showed high awareness of breast cancer (95.3%), with social networks and media being primary information sources. However, only 48.25% had intermediate knowledge levels, and BSE awareness was moderate (60.8%) with low practical skills (28.0%). Reasons for not performing BSE included lack of knowledge and discomfort. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and age, year of study, study options, and information sources. Despite high awareness, there is a crucial need to enhance knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and BSE practices among young women in Morocco. Educational programs targeting university students are essential for promoting early detection and improving attitudes toward breast health.

Breast cancer preventive practices and associated factors among reproductive age women in Wadila District, North East Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among all cancer types, breast cancer stands out as the most common and is characterized by distinct molecular characteristics. This disease poses a growing public health concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries where it is associated with high mortality rates. Despite these challenges, there is a paucity of data on breast cancer preventive practices and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Wollo, Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the level of breast cancer awareness, preventive practices, and associated factors among women of reproductive age residing in Wadila district, Wollo, Ethiopia in the year 2022.MethodA cross-sectional community-based study involving 352 women of reproductive age in Wadila district was carried out between May and June 2022. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, and data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 software. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the odds ratio for variable associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultThe prevalence of breast-examination among women of reproductive age was determined to be 40.1% (95% Interval [CI]: 34.94–45.18). Factors such as educational status (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.6), income (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.11–0.33), and family history of breast conditions in reproductive-age women (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08–3.34) were significantly linked to the practice of breast self-examination in this population.ConclusionThe study highlighted a decline in regular breast self-examination among women of reproductive age. It revealed that the reduced frequency of regular breast self-examination was a prevalent concern among women in this age group and the broader community. Educational level, monthly income, and family history of cancer among women of reproductive age were identified as significant factors linked to the practice of regular breast examination.

Health Beliefs, Breast Cancer Awareness, and Prevention Behaviors of Turkish Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between nursing students' breast cancer (BC) awareness, health beliefs, and BC prevention behaviors. Methods: This study sample consisted of 256 female students. Descriptive Information Form, Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS), the Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors of Women (FABCPB) Scale, and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) were used to collect the data. Results: Breast self-examination was performed in 53.9% of the nursing students. The mean B-CAS score was 1.35 ± 0.58 and the mean FABCPB score was 102.84 ± 9.62. The mean scores of the sub-dimension scores of the CHBMS of nursing students were as sensitivity perception 7.93 ± 2.13, seriousness perception 22.58 ± 5.26, benefit perception 17.25 ± 3.17, obstacle perception 22.89 ± 6.24, confidence 37.71 ± 7.53, and health motivation 26.47 ± 4.41 points. A significant correlation was found between the scores of the nursing students on the B-CAS, FABCPB, and CHBMS scales. Conclusions: Nursing students' scores on the B-CAS and FABCPB were moderate, CHBMS sensitivity and obstacle perception sub-dimension scores were low, severity perception scores were moderate, and benefit perception, trust, and health motivation sub-dimension scores were high. As the BC awareness of nursing students increased, their cancer prevention behaviors and health beliefs increased.

Breast cancer screening patterns and associated factors in Iranian women over 40 years

Screening is a key component of breast cancer early detection programs that canconsiderably reduce relevant mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to determinethe breast cancer screening behavioral patterns and associated factors in women over40 years of age. In this descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study, 372 over 40 years of agewomen visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023 were enrolled using cluster sampling.The data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, breastcancer perception scale, health literacy for Iranian adults scale, and the Breast CancerScreening Behavior Checklist. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 usingdescriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferentialstatistics (univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses). In total, 68.3% of allparticipants performed breast self‑examination (BSE) (9.9% regularly, once per month),60.2% underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) (8.9% regularly, twice per year),51.3% underwent mammography (12.3% regularly, once per year), and 36.2% underwentsonography (3.8% regularly, twice per year). The findings also showed that women withbenign breast diseases were more likely to undergo CBE (OR = 8.49; 95% CI 2.55 to 28.21;P < 0.001), mammography (OR = 8.84; 95% CI 2.98 to 10; P < 0.001), and sonography(OR = 18.84; 95% CI 6.40 to 53.33; P < 0.001) than others. Participants with low and moderatebreast cancer perception scores were more likely to perform BSE than women with highbreast cancer perception scores (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.00; P = 0.009) and women whohad a history of benign breast disease were more likely to perform screening behaviors thanothers (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.80; P = 0.008). Women between the ages of 50 and 59 weremore likely to undergo mammography (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.77; P = 0.008) and CBE(OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.347 to 4.20; P = 0.003) than those ≥ 60 years. Given the low participationof women in regular breast cancer screening, it is suggested that health care providershighlight the need for screening at the specified intervals in their training programs. Inaddition, health authorities are recommended to use reminder systems to remind women,especially those over 40 years of age, of the best time for breast screening. Moreover, healthcare providers must seek to improve breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptionsof women who visit health centers, which are the first level of contact with the healthcaresystem for the general population.

Routine Clinical Breast Examination Is a Low-Yield Practice Among Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer.

For women at increased risk of breast cancer, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend clinical encounters every 6-12 months. While screening mammography has corresponded with a relative risk reduction in breast cancer mortality of approximately 20%, evidence validating clinical breast examination (CBE) as an efficacious screening modality is deficient. Our study aimed to assess the conventional merit of regular CBE for breast cancer detection among individuals at increased risk of breast cancer development. Women > 18 years with documented high-risk encounters at Corewell Health West from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 22 were retrospectively reviewed. High-risk criteria included genetic predisposition, 5-year (> 1.7%) or lifetime (> 20%) Tyrer-Cuzick and/or Gail Model risk estimations, thoracic radiotherapy before age 30 years, lobular carcinoma in-situ, or atypical hyperplasia. Patients with a history of breast cancer or bilateral prophylactic mastectomy prior to 2018 were excluded. Of the 9171 cumulative high-risk encounters among 2493 women, only one breast cancer was detected by CBE. CBE resulted in 1 (0.04%) cancer diagnosis compared with 30 (1.2%) detected on screening imaging and 10 (0.4%) self-reported. Of the 30 image-detected cancers, 28 (93.3%) had no detectable clinical findings at the time of preoperative consultation. Self-reported and CBE-detected cancers were more likely to be of higher clinical stage compared with imaging-detected malignancies. The role of routine CBE as a cancer detection modality in the high-risk patient population appears to be limited. Telemedicine can be offered to individuals who have completed screening imaging but are unable to commit and/or are inconvenienced by in-person high-risk breast cancer assessments.

Breast self-examination among community midwife and lady health visitor students in Pakistan

Background/Aims Breast self-examination allows women to check their breasts for changes or abnormalities, such as lumps, bumps and other irregularities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate understanding of performing a breast self-examination among lady health visitor and community midwifery students in Pakistan. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022–April 2023 with 50 students recruited through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants' understanding of breast self-examination was categorised as good (&gt;70%), moderate (50–70%) or poor (&lt;50%) based on their score. Results Only one participant had received any training on breast self-examination, and all participants reported that they would like training in future. Only 10.0% of participants had a moderate understanding of breast self-examination, while the remaining 90.0% had poor understanding. Conclusions There is a significant lack of knowledge about breast self-examination among lady health visitors and midwifery students in Pakistan. There is a need for education and awareness campaigns on breast self-examination to improve understanding.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Dengan Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara (SADARI) Pada Remaja Putri Di SMAN 1 Mauponggo

Introduction: BSE (Breast Self-Examination) is an examination that every woman easily does to look for lumps or other abnormalities. The factors that govern the behavior of the successful conduct BSE technique are health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and roles. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation of knowledge, attitude, and the role of health workers with the BSE test in teenagers in grades XI and XII SMAN 1 Mauaponggo. Methods: This research uses a survey method with cross-sectional analysis. The population of this study was 96 students mostly girls in grades XI and XII of SMAN 1 Mauponggo using a quota sampling technique. The data collection techniques in this study used primary data with a questionnaire. This data was analyzed using a chi-square statistical test. Results: The results of the study there is a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0,005); the role of health workers (p-value = 0,000); and no significant relationship between attitude (p-value = 1,00) with the breast self-examination. Discussion: The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship between knowledge and the role of health professionals in the BSE test. There is no relation between attitudes with the BSE test

E-model for Early Detection of Breast Cancer and Patient Monitoring

Breast cancer is becoming one of the most common diseases among women and is a growing global concern. A significant number of women have died worldwide from breast cancer. Studies suggest that early detection gives one better chance at treatment and management. However, the major challenges in early detection of breast cancer are awareness issues and patients’ insensitivity about the disease. This implies that regular breast examination leads to early detection of signs and symptoms of breast cancer. This exercise has been challenged with awareness, improper ways of conducting it and reporting of signs and symptom to appropriate quarters. This work is aimed at designing and development of a computer assisted system that runs on both desktop and mobile device(s) to assist women in conducting self- breast examination. To achieve this, object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) was adopted for investigation and implementation. This work was designed and implemented in Microsoft Visual Studio while MySQL was used as the database management (DBMS). The rule- based approach was used for classification of breast abnormality. The result is an eHealth information system for early detection of breast cancer and patient monitoring. This will assist women to properly conduct self-breast examination, upload signs and symptoms discovered and enable medical professionals monitor patients.

The Effect of Health Education on Breast Self-Examination (SADARI) on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions of Adolescent Girls

Breast cancer not only occurs in developed countries but also in developing countries such as Indonesia. Breast cancer ranks 8th out of all cancers in Indonesia. Breast cancer is also a major concern, because it is the most common type of cancer affecting women. This study aims to determine the effect of breast self-examination health education on knowledge, attitudes, and actions of adolescent girls at SMK Kader Bangsa Palembang. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with pretest posttest. The population was adolescents with menstrual cycles to 7-10 days with a total sample of 26 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The test used was the Wilcoxon Sign Runk Test with p&lt;0.05 using a computer. The results showed that health education on breast self-examination (SADARI) had an effect on knowledge p value (0.000&lt;0.05), attitude p value (0.003)&lt;(0.05), action p value (0.004)&lt;(0.05). Conclusion There is an effect of health education on breast self-examination (SADARI) on knowledge, attitudes, and actions of adolescent girls at SMK Kader Bangsa Palembang. Suggestions are expected to schoolgirls can be made as a stewardship of SADARI techniques to detect early signs and symptoms of breast cancer.

Assessment of Body Image Perception and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Accessing Care at the University College Hospital, Southwest Nigeria.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type globally. The female breasts are important for beauty and sexuality, comprising the body image, which includes the individual self-perception and others. This varied perception may influence the quality of life of individuals with breast cancer. To assess the body image perception and quality of life of breast cancer patients accessing care at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Eligible female adults (18 years and above), with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of breast cancer participated in this study after obtaining informed consent. The participants were without other debilitating conditions and had access to care for at least 12 months. We used a questionnaire to collect information on body image perception and quality of life (QoL) from all the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. One hundred sixty (160) female participants were recruited, with 74.38% having been diagnosed with breast cancer for 3 years or more, and 84.38% of them detected abnormality during breast self-examination. Over 50% of the participants had negative body image perceptions. Educational level, social/family well-being, and physical well-being were significantly associated with the QoL. There was a three-fold increase in the social and family well-being subscale score among participants with higher education levels. Negative body image results in poorer QoL in breast cancer patients, and this underscores the importance of addressing body image concerns as part of comprehensive care for breast cancer patients.

Digital media intervention for breast cancer awareness among rural women: A quasi-experimental study from Bihar, India

ObjectivesSocial media-based interventions have the potential to endure improvements in the health-seeking behaviors of the users. The upswing rate of social media usage among rural women of Bihar (India) allows for improving their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breast cancer which is a big concern in resource-limited countries. This study attempted to evaluate the impact of video-based intervention in advancing knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and attitude, and and practice to conduct breast cancer screening. MethodsA quasi-experimental design study was conducted among rural women in Bihar, India using pretest-posttest method. Validated YouTube Hindi videos were shared in a series as an intervention for the participants. The impact of the intervention videos was assessed by analyzing the 267 fully filled up questionnaires. Additionally, demographic characteristics were calculated and their relationship with knowledge, attitude, and practices was evaluated. ResultsAfter three months of the intervention there was a statistically significant (<0.0001) improvement (100 %) in the knowledge level of risk factors, symptoms, and screening of breast cancer. Their attitude towards breast self-examination significantly improved in 58 % of women whereas 16.5 % for clinical breast examination and 9.7 % for mammogram (<0.0001). The practice of breast self-examination significantly improved in 60 % (<0.0001) of women. Some demographic variables like education, age, and occupation were found significant predictors of breast cancer awareness. ConclusionsThis study's findings highlight that beyond all resource limitations for health awareness, a video intervention model through social media could offer a viable solution from the rural India experience to a possible shared discussion. Further study may be conducted using customized cancer awareness video interventions considering vernacular needs to make interventions more impactful.

An Updated Review on the Early Detection and Drug Development Targeting Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women globally, which poses a significant public health threat on a global scale. Continuous updates of the recent development in terms of drug development and diagnosis are the key to decoding the complexity of the location-specific different forms of breast cancer. The aim of this review is to sifter out the current advances and status of drugs, treatments, therapies and technologies related to breast cancer. Methodology: The authors searched for a number of article sources, and all possible data was collected from different databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pub Med, Web of Science and Google Scholar. to identify recent development in drug development and diagnosis. Result: After a detailed literature survey, it was found that in drug discovery, a number of new drug candidates for breast cancer have completed clinical trials; in the diagnosis of breast cancer, a number of new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), smart bra, smart vest, clinical breast exam have developed. It was found that breast self-awareness has immense importance in the early detection of breast cancer, which is par with the accuracy of modern diagnostic tools. Conclusion: An effort has been made to present all the updated data related to recent drug development, like surveillance status of drugs in clinical trials, diagnosis and social stigma of people with breast cancer recovery. Recent technological advances have led to the development of many devices for the early detection of breast cancer, providing efficacy in line with the diagnostic tools that pave the way for early treatment using effective drug candidates.