Breast Cup Size Research Articles

Oncoplastic reconstruction of central lumpectomy defects using the medial pillar island flap

This report presents the medial pillar island flap technique of oncoplastic breast reconstruction of central defects that involve the nipple-areola complex. The procedure was performed in patients who presented with inferior pole redundancy using a vertical mammaplasty pattern. The flap was designed utilizing the territory of the lower pole as an island flap pedicled by the internal mammary artery perforators surrounded by the soft tissue of the medial pillar. Eight patients underwent the procedure with a mean age of 57.6 years. Median breast cup size was D (range: from C to DDD). The mean body mass index was 37.3 kg/m2 (range: from 32.1 to 41.5). The size of the defect ranged from 64 to 150 cm3 (mean, 97.2). Concomitant opposite breast vertical reduction was performed in 6 cases. Flap survival was uneventful. Nipple reconstruction was performed 6 months after radiation treatment in 4 patients. No major complications were encountered. Two patients developed minor wound breakdown after nipple reconstruction. The medial pillar island flap is presented as a safe and reliable option for the reconstruction of central partial mastectomy defects in patients with macromastia or breast ptosis. Internal mammary system provides predictable and robust flap viability while complete separation from the inframammary fold allows for unrestricted mobility. The procedure is designed with vertical scar mammaplasty, which results in a smooth contour to the lower pole. The flap allows for nipple reconstruction using well-vascularized skin paddle. The technique is offered as an alternative oncoplasty option for neoareolar reconstruction.

Robotic Versus Conventional Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Breast Reconstruction.

BackgroundSeveral studies reported the feasibility and safety of robotic-NSM (R-NSM). The aim of our prospective study was to compare R-NSM and conventional-NSM (C-NSM).MethodsWe analyzed patients who were operated on with and without robotic assistance (R-NSM or C-NSM) and who received immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with implant or latissimus dorsi-flap (LDF). The main objective was complication rate and secondary aims were post-operative length of hospitalization (POLH), duration of surgery, and cost.ResultsWe analyzed 87 R-NSM and 142 C-NSM with implant-IBR in 50 and 135 patients, with LDF-IBR in 37 and 7 patients, respectively. Higher durations of surgery and costs were observed for R-NSM, without a difference in POLH and interval time to adjuvant therapy between R-NSM and C-NSM. In the multivariate analysis, R-NSM was not associated with a higher breast complication rate (OR=0.608) and significant factors were breast cup-size, LDF combined with implant-IBR, tobacco and inversed-T incision. Grade 2-3 breast complications rate were 13% for R-NSM and 17.3% for C-NSM, significantly higher for LDF combined with implant-IBR, areolar/radial incisions and BMI>=30. A predictive score was calculated (AUC=0.754). In logistic regression, patient’s satisfaction between C-NSM and R-NSM were not significantly different, with unfavorable results for BMI >=25 (OR=2.139), NSM for recurrence (OR=5.371) and primary breast cancer with radiotherapy (OR=4.533). A predictive score was calculated. In conclusion, our study confirms the comparable clinical outcome between C- NSM and R-NSM, in the price of longer surgery and higher cost for R-NSM. Predictive scores of breast complications and satisfaction were significantly associated with factors known in the pre-operative period.

Does the Breast Size in Females Correlate with the Severity of Mechanical Low Back Pain?

Background: Large breast is postulated to cause undue tension in the paraspinal muscles and may result in back pain. Improved pain score following mammaplasty supports this assertion. Such a question has not been evaluated in an indigenous black population. Objectives: To assess the correlation between the breast cup size and the severity of low back pain among women with mechanical low back pain. Method: This was a prospective cohort study. Eighty-four women with chronic backpain attending the Orthopaedic clinic participated excluding psychogenic back pain. The breast cup sizes were estimated from the difference between the bust and band sizes measured with an inelastic tape. The severity of pain was determined with the Oswestry disability index (ODI) data analysed with IBM SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age was 49.35 years. The predominant breast cup size was A, (88%), while the largest cup size was C. The mean duration of symptoms and ODI score was 3.33 months (SD = 2.63), and 42.30 (SD = 16.98) respectively. The breast cup size did not show a positive correlation with ODI score, r = ?0.021, p = 0.846. Conclusion: The severity of mechanical low back pain does not correlate with the breast cup size.

EVALUATION OF SURGICAL SUPPORT BRAS IN POST-CARDIAC SURGERY FEMALE PATIENTS

Breast size in females is a risk factor for sternal surgical site infections and incision pain post-cardiac surgery. Current limited research has shown that providing surgical support bras to females can be beneficial in reducing risk of infection and possible pain experience post operatively. Certain populations have been shown to benefit most, including females with a higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and those with larger breast cup sizes. The aim is to explore the experience of females using a surgical support bra post-cardiac surgery (with a sternotomy).

EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES OF LATERAL SULCUS MAMMOPLASTY AS A NEW ONCOPLASTIC TECHNIQUE FOR LATERALLY LOCATED BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer among women and is the leading cause of cancer death among women aged 20 to 59 years. Breast cancer occurrence is not uniform throughout the breast. About 65% of breast cancer occur in the lateral half of the breast (55% in the upper outer quadrant and 10% in the lower outer quadrant). So great attention is directed towards oncoplastic techniques for laterally located tumors. Many oncoplastic techniques were developed for laterally located breast cancers. Most of these techniques include scars in the breast itself which significantly decrease the aesthetic outcome. Here we introduce a new simple techniques for laterally located breast cancers called lateral sulcus mammoplasty. This approach has several advantages including the ability for patients to undergo a single stage cancer and reconstructive surgery that is aesthetically satisfactory for any breast cup size utilizing a technique that is straight forward and technically easy.

Single-Stage Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using Anatomical Silicone-Based Implant and The Hammock Technique of Dermal-Muscle Flap in Large and Ptotic breasts: A Multicenter Study.

This study revisits the previously described technique of inverted-T skin-reducing mastectomy and dermal-muscle pocket as a single-stage breast reconstruction using anatomical implants in large and ptotic breasts. Refinements have been added to enhance the quality of implant coverage, improve aesthetic outcome, and augment the implant volume than previously described in the literature. The study was performed in three centers in the UK, Egypt, and Libya. It included patients with large ptotic breasts with a breast cup size of D or larger. The areola-to-inframammary fold distance is of 8cm or more, and a nipple-sternal notch distance is 25cm or more. Modification of the dermal-muscle flap was made through dividing the medial and lateral ends of the de-epithelialized flap at a distance of one inch to create wings that could be sutured to the free edge of pectoralis major muscle to act as a hammock. It included 42 patients, and the mean age of the patients was 44.4years (range 28-62). The mean body mass index was 34.2 (range 24-42). The reconstruction was unilateral in 32 (76.2%) patients and bilateral in ten (23.8%) patients. The average implant volume was 498.5 CC (range 375-650). Seventeen (40.5%) patients had a symmetrizing breast reduction. The average follow-up time was 52weeks. Major complications were noticed in four (7.7%) breasts: Three breasts had major skin necrosis and one breast had hematoma that necessitated surgical evacuation. There were no reported cases of implant extrusion. Minor complications were recorded in six (11.5%) breasts; two had wound infection, and three had minor skin necrosis. The hammock technique of dermal-muscle flap is safe and versatile in large and ptotic breasts. It also creates a natural-looking breast with bigger implants.

Atlas Sampling for Prone Breast Automatic Segmentation of Organs at Risk: The Importance of Patients' Body Mass Index and Breast Cup Size for an Optimized Contouring of the Heart and the Coronary Vessels.

Objective:Delineation of organs at risk is a time-consuming task. This study evaluates the benefits of using single-subject atlas-based automatic segmentation of organs at risk in patients with breast cancer treated in prone position, with 2 different criteria for choosing the atlas subject. Together with laterality (left/right), the criteria used were either (1) breast volume or (2) body mass index and breast cup size.Methods:An atlas supporting different selection criteria for automatic segmentation was generated from contours drawn by a senior radiation oncologist (RO_A). Atlas organs at risk included heart, left anterior descending artery, and right coronary artery. Manual contours drawn by RO_A and automatic segmentation contours of organs at risk and breast clinical target volume were created for 27 nonatlas patients. A second radiation oncologist (RO_B) manually contoured (M_B) the breast clinical target volume and the heart. Contouring times were recorded and the reliability of the automatic segmentation was assessed in the context of 3-D planning.Results:Accounting for body mass index and breast cup size improved automatic segmentation results compared to breast volume-based sampling, especially for the heart (mean similarity indexes >0.9 for automatic segmentation organs at risk and clinical target volume after RO_A editing). Mean similarity indexes for the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery edited by RO_A expanded by 1 cm were ≥0.8. Using automatic segmentation reduced contouring time by 40%. For each parameter analyzed (eg, D2%), the difference in dose, averaged over all patients, between automatic segmentation structures edited by RO_A and the same structure manually drawn by RO_A was <1.5% of the prescribed dose. The mean heart dose was reliable for the unedited heart segmentation, and for right-sided treatments, automatic segmentation was adequate for treatment planning with 3-D conformal tangential fields.Conclusions:Automatic segmentation for prone breast radiotherapy stratified by body mass index and breast cup size improved segmentation accuracy for the heart and coronary vessels compared to breast volume sampling. A significant reduction in contouring time can be achieved by using automatic segmentation.

Correlation between interscapular pain during the breast development phase, cup size, and thoracic index in adolescent school girls from 13 to 16 years of age

Background: Physical symptoms associated with poor posture due to heavy breast leading to neck, shoulder, interscapular, and back pain are prevalent. Occurrence and persistence of musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents may result in the development of chronic pain symptoms in adulthood. Hence, this study was conducted to determine if any correlation existed between interscapular pain, cup size, and thoracic index in adolescent school girls during the breast development phase. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted where 2000 school girls aged between 13 and 16 years were screened to identify if they had interscapular pain. Two hundred of them were screened positive, of which 54 were excluded, as they carried a backpack weighing more than that recommended for their gender and age and one for psychological distress. One hundred and forty-five participants were evaluated for the intensity of pain using Numeric Pain Rating Scale, cup size using inch tape, and thoracic kyphosis using flexible curve ruler based on which thoracic index was calculated. Results: About 10% had interscapular pain, of which 0.68% had mild, 68.96% moderate, and 30.34% had severe pain. Twenty-seven participants had cup size A, 107 had B, and 11 had C size. Nearly 37.24% had normal, 55.86% had less than normal, and 6.89% had more than normal thoracic index values, respectively. There was a correlation between interscapular pain, cup size, and thoracic index. Conclusion: We conclude that no statistically significant correlation exists between interscapular pain, cup size, and thoracic index.

Cross Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Technique; A Good Choice for Tumors Located Far From Nipple Areola Complex

Background: Although various Oncoplastic Breast Surgery (OBS) techniques have been introduced for varied sizes of the breast and locations of tumors , surgeons are still faced with serious challenges for tumors which have developed in special anatomic part of the breast. A good instance of these challenges is the tumors located far from Nipple Areola Complex (NAC) especially in the upper inner quadrant. We aimed to assess the application of newly introduced OBS technique (Cross Technique) in these situations. Methods: The data of 95 patients who suffered from breast cancer and operated with Cross method were assessed in this prospective survey. Data was gathered regarding demographic variables, the size, location, and pathologic characteristics of tumors, patients' BMI and breast circumference and cup size. The patients were recruited to the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the study protocol which was approved by the research deputy of department of surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data was presented in a descriptive method.Results: Nighty-five patients underwent oncoplastic breast surgery using the Cross method from November 2015 to May 2018. Patients had a mean age of 48.2 ranging from 25 to 70 years. The patients had a wide range of breast circumference and cup size (70 to 95 for the breast circumference and A to E for the cup size). Clear surgical margin was obtained in 93 cases according to the permanent pathology reports. The complications were seen in 5 patients all managed conservatively (2 slight hematoma and three ischemic skin flaps). The most common histologic type was insitu and invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS-IDC). Mean tumor size was 22.7 mm with standard deviation of 9.2mm, most of which were positive for estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR). As the surgery of axilla, six lymph nodes were excised on average and 22 patients had axillary lymph node involvement.Conclusion: The Cross method is not only a reliable choice for tumors located in the UIQ, but it can also be applied safely for tumors in UOQ and upper central part of the breast, although the best application for the technique is the tumors located far from nipple areola complex.

Use of Mammographic Measurements to Predict Complications After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in BRCA Mutation Carriers.

There is limited data evaluating mastectomy skin flap complications of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in patients with BRCA gene mutations. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with post-operative complications in BRCA mutation carriers undergoing NSM. Following institutional review board approval, we interrogated a prospectively collected institutional database for patients undergoing NSM who tested positive for BRCA1/2 mutations. Patient characteristics, preoperative details, and complications were evaluated. Digital mammogram was used to estimate the breast volume. From August 2009 to December 2017, 59 patients (2 males) with BRCA1/2 mutations underwent 114 NSMs. Ninety-two (80%) were risk-reduction surgeries. Thirty-two (28%) underwent single-stage reconstruction (24 autologous). The overall complication rate was 26.3% (N = 30), and 10.5% (N = 12) underwent unanticipated reoperation. 8.8% (N = 10) had full-thickness skin flap necrosis, 10.5% (N = 12) nipple necrosis, and 4.4% (N = 5) full-thickness nipple necrosis. These complications were associated with larger breast volume (799.4cc vs. 544.1cc, p < 0.001) and greater body mass index (27.8 vs. 24.3, p < 0.001). By univariate analysis, body mass index and breast volume greater than 675cc were associated with significantly higher complication rate (odds ratios 1.2 and 4.5 respectively, p = 0.001). This study confirms that NSM in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is associated with complications in one in four patients. Utilizing the preoperative mammograms to estimate breast size may be more helpful than breast cup size in counseling preoperatively the risks of complications.

A Study of the Outcome of the Latero-Central Glandular Pedicle Technique as an Oncoplastic Procedure for Medial Quadrants Breast Masses

Background: Numerous oncoplastic procedures are now available for treatment of breast cancer. Oncoplastic procedures had expanded the spectrum of breast conservative surgery. It is difficult to plan for resection of medial breast tumors as the scars are apparent and deformity is so eminent. The aim of the work is to assess the latero- central glandular pedicle technique as an oncoplastic procedure for treatment of medial quadrant breast cancer as regard oncological safety, surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Patients and method: This study included 15 female patients with a mean age of 43 years (20-60 years) and with invasive breast cancer at upper and lower medial quadrants. They were treated by wide in excision with safety margin followed by reconstruction of defects using latero-central glandular pedicle technique. The patients were followed for 6 months for postoperative complications and cosmetic outcome. Result: In our study the mean age of the 15 patients was 43 years (20-60 years). 60% of the breast tumors were in the upper inner quadrant and 40% of them were in the lower inner quadrant. The largest tumor size was 3.2 cms, the smallest one was 1cm and the mean tumor size was 2 cms±0.47. The mean breast cup size for the whole study was 4.33±1.56 which stand for D. Our mean operation time was 107±14.50 minutes (1 hour and 45 minutes). The longest post-operative stay period was 3 days. The postoperative complications occurred three cases (20%) in the form of: 2 cases(13%) of wound infection and 1case (7%) of stitch sinus . none of the patients had recurrence during postoperative follow up period of six months duration.as regard the cosmetic outcome which was estimated via a score system graded from one to five, The overall mean score of our study was 4.23±0.86 which falls between very good and excellent. Conclusion: The latero-central glandular pedicle technique is an oncoplastic procedure for treatment of medial quadrant breast cancer with main advantages of low rate of postoperative complications and better cosmetic outcome.

Feasibility of axillary nodal staging through same incision of round block technique in breast cancer cases

Background: Round block technique was originally described as a mastopexy technique that is currently widely used as an oncoplastic technique for managing breast cancer. The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility of axillary dissection via same circumareolar incision of lumpectomy.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study including 100 patients distributed among 2 equal groups. In which group A had axillary dissection performed via same lumpectomy incision by the aid of lighted retractors; while on the other hand group B had axillary dissection performed via separate axillary incision.Results: The technique was feasible in all cases without the need for extra incisions. However, the time of surgery was longer and rate of complications was higher.Conclusions: Axillary staging can be accomplished via same incision of round block. The surgery is demanding especially in large breast cup size and fatty breasts.

A simplified algorithm to avoid post-mastectomy lateral dog ears based upon breast cup size

A simplified algorithm to avoid post-mastectomy lateral dog ears based upon breast cup size

Robotic Prophylactic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Study.

Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) could be a significant advancement in the treatment of breast cancers and prophylaxis because the mastectomy is performed without leaving any scar on the breast. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the safety of RNSM with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR). In this prospective study, RNSM with IPBR was offered to patients with breast cup size A, B or C and ptosis grade ≤ 2. In case of oncologic surgery, RNSM was proposed only if the tumor was located more than 2 cm away from the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and if postoperative radiation was not indicated. In case of prophylactic surgery, RNSM was proposed only if a high-risk genetic mutation had been identified. The primary endpoint was the rate of skin or NAC necrosis. The rate of conversion to open technique, the duration of the procedure, and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Sixty-three RNSM with IPBR were performed in 33 patients. There were no cases of mastectomy skin flap or NAC necrosis. We had to convert to an open technique in one case (1.6%). Three infections occurred (4.8%), one leading to implant loss (1.6%). No other major complications were observed. Preliminary data attest to the feasibility, the reproducibility, and the safety of this approach. However, long-term data are needed to confirm the oncological safety and the esthetic stability of the result. Trial registration identifier NCT02673268.

Abstract P4-13-04: Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction : A preliminary study

Abstract Background: Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) could be a significant advancement in the treatment of selected breast cancers and prophylaxis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess feasibility of the RNSM with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR) on the first 50 consecutive cases performed in Gustave Roussy. Methods: RNSM with IPBR was offered to patients with breast cup size A, B or C and ptosis grade ≤ 2. In case of oncologic surgery, RNSM was offered only if the patient fulfilled oncological indications for NSM (NAC). In case of prophylactic surgery, RNSM was offered only if a high-risk genetic mutation had been identified or if the patient was at high risk of breast cancer. The primary endpoint was the conversation rate to open technique. The duration of the surgery, the rate of postoperative complications, the length of the scar, the duration of drainage and hospital stay, the rate and duration of rehospitalization were also analyzed. Results: Of 50 RNSM with IPBR from December 2015 to April 2017, 1 case of conversion to open technique occurred (2%) because of an uncontrolled bleeding from an internal mammary perforator. Two infections occurred (4%) : one led to implant loss. There were no cases of mastectomy skin flap or NAC necrosis. No other major complications were observed. The duration of the whole procedure was reduced gradually from 214 min to 86 min. Length of scar was between 2.5 and 5 cm. Patients were discharged home between the 4th and the 10th postoperative day after the removal of the drain. Conclusion: Preliminary data attest to the feasibility, the reproducibility and the safety of this approach. However, long-term data are needed to confirm the reduced rate of skin and NAC necrosis compared to the open technique, the oncological safety and the aesthetic stability of the result. Citation Format: Sarfati B, Struk S, Leymarie N, Honart JF, Rimareix F, Delaloge S, Saghatchian M, Ghouadni A, Alkhashnam H, Mazouni C, Kolb F. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction : A preliminary study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-04.

Preoperative estimation of cosmetic outcomes after immediate breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap: A simple prediction model

BackgroundThe extended latissimus dorsi (ELD) flap can provide adequate volume for breast reconstruction without an implant. The aim of this study was to identify a simple method to estimate preoperatively if the ELD flap would provide enough volume for breast reconstruction and good cosmetic outcome. The proposed model was based on correlating the preoperative body mass index (BMI) and breast cup size. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 64 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with ELD at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, between January 2014 and January 2016. Preoperative breast cup size and patients' BMI were recorded. The primary end point was cosmetic outcome score assessed by three independent breast surgeons and the patients. Correlation analysis was performed between the preoperative factors and final cosmetic outcome. ResultsSixty-four patients underwent immediate reconstruction following skin-sparing mastectomy. BMI range was 23–38 kg/m2 with a median of 28. All patients with cup size A had aesthetically pleasing results. As the breast cup size increased, the favorable cosmetic outcomes were noted with lower BMI. All patients with BMI higher than 33 had unfavorable results. ConclusionFavorable cosmetic outcomes are expected after ELD reconstruction in patients with cup size A regardless of the BMI. As the breast cup size increases, favorable cosmetic outcomes are expected in patients with lower BMI than in those with higher BMI. At a BMI of 34, no favorable cosmetic outcomes are expected. The prediction model will be validated in a prospective study.

Is Rotation a Concern with Anatomical Breast Implants? A Statistical Analysis of Factors Predisposing to Rotation.

Since their introduction in 1993, anatomical implants have provided a more natural appearance in breast augmentation, and many surgeons advocate their use and promote the good aesthetic results. However, the risk of implant rotation makes some of them reluctant to use these devices. The rotation rate varies among authors. The authors present a 6.5-year series of 531 patients who underwent primary breast augmentation with macrotextured anatomical implants in a Swedish facility performed by one consultant surgeon (P.M.). The authors examined the rotation rate and the correlation with possible predisposing factors such as preoperative breast cup size, childbirth, and body mass index. A total of 20 implants (1.88 percent; 95 percent CI, 1.15 to 2.89 percent) in 19 patients (3.58 percent; 95 percent CI, 2.17 to 5.53 percent) were rotated. In one patient (0.22 percent), both implants rotated, whereas in the remaining patients, the rotation was unilateral. The authors were unable to establish a statistically significant correlation between implant rotation and previous childbirth or increased body mass index. However, there was a relation between rotation rate and preoperative breast cup size that showed an upward trend as the cup size increased from A to C. The authors believe that if the implant is correctly selected and the operation is performed meticulously with proper pocket dissection, the rotation rate is minimal and it should not be considered a disadvantage for the use of anatomical implants. Risk, III.

Obesity-related Risk Factors in Implant-based Breast Reconstruction Using AlloDerm.

With a population in which 70% of the patients were overweight or obese, we reviewed retrospectively 135 breasts of 70 consecutive patients who underwent implant-based immediate breast reconstruction using freeze-dried AlloDerm as the acellular dermal matrix. Several obesity-related parameters were evaluated to determine their possible correlation to early postoperative complications. We found that breast width and surface area of AlloDerm usage correlated with the development of infection and mastectomy skin flap necrosis. Increased breast width and size of AlloDerm matrix implanted were correlated with higher rates of both minor and significant skin necrosis and of cellulitis. Body mass index was correlated with the development of cellulitis and minor and major skin necrosis but not with seroma or reconstruction failure. Preexisting breast cup size correlated with the development of seroma but not the other complications. We observed no statistically significant association between reconstruction failure and any of the parameters reviewed, but this is likely due to the small number of failures in our data set (n = 10).

The Development of the Bodysuit Pattern on Golden Body Proportion Focusing on Middle-Aged Women

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop the body-suit pattern that enhances the reshaping effect of mid-forties women body type. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to produce a basic pattern, body surface shells from gypsum molds of three middle aged females was employed. Golden body proportion was applied to the design of bodysuit pattern and its pattern design. Findings: To calculate the total length of this body suit, outlining the measurement method is required. That is, in the condition of 8 to 10 % reduced ratio, the front part starts at bust point and the ratio of the distance to waist line and the distance to hip, which sets its width, is 1 to 1.2. Ratio reduction is not applied to the body suit length. Naming the body suit design method for this study as 80 BMQ size (80 is under bust circumference size; B stands for breast cup size; M indicates the length of body suit; and Q means hip circumference) is not by body measurement data but by the result of research conducted by a researcher who has produced body suit products with a body suit-specialized company as a part of industry-academic cooperation for a long time. Under bust circumference, waist circumference and hip circumference are reduced by 4 to 6 %; 9 to 10 %; and 1 to 2 % respectively. Application/Improvements: As a result, body-suit pattern for reshaping of mid forty women body was developed. It is required to pay attention to stretching the meaning depending on body suit designs by manufacturing enterprises.

여성용 테일러드 칼라 베스트 브레이크라인 맞음새 연구

The aim of the study is to propose ways to improve the break line fit of women`s tailored collar vests by modifying the patternmaking process. The study explored the fit effects of experimental vests with a focus on 3 different breast sizes, A, B, and C cups. Women in the ages between 20 and 24 in South Korea were targeted. In order to carry out the objective, the study implemented separate girth measurements for the front and the back of the tailored collar vests, and also allocated different dart amounts on the lapel through the break line according to the different breast cup sizes. The study adopted a 5-point rating scale to perform evaluation of the different fit effects caused by the varying dart amounts given on the experimental vests` break lines. This evaluation was carried out by apparel pattern experts. The results derived from the study were as follows: first, the implementation of separate girth measurements provided originality to the study, as the application of different measurements for the waist back length and the neck shoulder point-to-breast point-to-waist line led to the front panels of the experimental vests having varying slack amounts. Second, break line dart was applied in three different amounts, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5cm respectively according to A, B and C breast sizes, and as the dart amount increased, extra ease on the break lines was reduced. The dart was applied on the edge lines of the lapel and it was applied from a point which was 6cm above the breast point to the end of the princess line for all the breast cup sizes.