Breast Cancer Research Articles

An in-silico approach to target Breast cancer with novel phytochemicals

Aging leads to the manifestation of various diseases. Cancer being one of the major illness that is associated with the age. Breast cancer is still a relatively global health concern as the leading cancer cause of death among women. The current study also utilizes an in-silico approach to discover and characterize new phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents to breast cancer. Here, we explore the molecular basis driving the makeup of breast cancer, with an emphasis on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, a well-known signaling cascade implicated in cell growth and therapy response. Two candidates (Thalidasine (-8.80 Kcal/mol) and 7-Epiclusianone (-8.62 Kcal/mol)) were found to be promising leads displaying high binding affinity and therapeutic potential through screening a diverse library of phytochemicals against key breast cancer target proteins. These phytochemicals exhibit diverse antineoplastic effects as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis inhibitors, and/or as inducers of apoptosis. Besides, their ability to specifically target breast cancer stem cells and to increase sensitivity to traditional therapies make them an appealing option for breast cancer adjuvant therapy. Taken together our data suggest that these phytochemicals should be further studied alone and in novel nano formulations that enhance bioavailability and reduce toxicity. This study adds to the evidence for the potential role of natural products in breast cancer and the role of lifestyle in cancer prevention.

Characterization of a drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line developed by repeated cycles of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy

Breast cancer accounts for 14% of cancer fatalities and 23% of all cancer diagnoses, making it the most common cause of cancer death among women and one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. This disease is a life-threatening public health concern because of its significant influence on the general population. Therefore, further molecular research is required to determine its prognosis and create tailored treatments. Since it closely resembles mammary epithelium, the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, which expresses genes for oestrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors, is the most appropriate in vitro model for cancer research. Resistant cell lines were created by repeatedly cultivating MCF-7 wild-type cells in media containing 5-fluorouracil, a first-line treatment for breast cancer. The resistant cell lines were found to be cross-resistance to other anticancer medications in addition to being resistant to 5-fluorouracil, according to the in vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay.

Smart Machine Learning Analysis and Blockchain Healthcare Platform

The Smart Machine Learning Medical Analysis and Blockchain Healthcare Platform (SMLMAP) represents a transformative approach to medical diagnostics and data management by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms with blockchain technology. This platform is designed to accurately diagnose seven critical diseases, achieving impressive diagnostic outcomes across various conditions, including diabetes, breast cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, malaria, and pneumonia. SMLMAP employs Random Forest algorithms for text data analysis and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image data, ensuring rapid and precise diagnostic results. In addition to enhancing diagnostic capabilities, SMLMAP addresses significant privacy and security concerns inherent in healthcare data management. The integration of blockchain technology facilitates secure, transparent, and tamper-proof storage of patient records, empowering individuals with greater control over their medical information. This dual approach not only improves the accuracy of diagnoses but also fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers by safeguarding sensitive data against unauthorized access. Key functionalities of SMLMAP include the ability to schedule doctor appointments conveniently through the platform, ensuring that patients can receive timely medical attention. Additionally, the application provides users with a weekly healthcare magazine, delivering valuable information on health tips, disease management, and wellness advice to promote informed health decisions. By leveraging the strengths of machine learning and blockchain, SMLMAP paves the way for a more efficient, accurate, and secure healthcare ecosystem. This innovative platform not only enhances the quality of medical diagnostics but also represents a significant step forward in addressing the critical challenges of data privacy and security in the healthcare sector. The findings underscore the potential of SMLMAP to revolutionize patient care and data management in the evolving landscape of healthcare technology.

Assessing Patient Risk, Benefit, and Outcomes in Drug Development: A Decade of Abiraterone Clinical Trials

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the risk and benefit profiles of clinical trials using abiraterone in cancer treatment.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on May 24, 2023, using databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We extracted data on adverse events, progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), and prostate-specific antigen response rate (PSA-RR). The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were used to assess risks, while ORR and PSA-RR were used to assess benefits. Trials were categorized as positive, negative, or indeterminate based on their safety profiles and efficacy outcomes.Results: Nearly all clinical trials testing abiraterone in prostate cancer showed promising outcomes with 89% of studies meeting their endpoint. Our study supports abiraterone’s use in prostate cancer, its only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved indication to treat, with a median ORR of 20.0% and a median PSA-RR of 42.0%. However, when looking at the 3 novel indications tested, the risk-to-benefit profile was similar to that of its original approval. Even though most novel indications failed to meet their primary endpoint, the overall toxicity profile was similar to that found in prostate cancer.Conclusion: Abiraterone showed an overall risk-to-benefit portfolio that supports the use of its treatment in prostate cancer. Although the primary endpoints in ovarian and breast cancer trials were not met, the use was appropriate when assessing how the mechanism of action for abiraterone could be beneficial in patients with these types of cancers.

Combined prediagnostic lifestyle factors and survival of breast, colorectal and lung cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundWith improvements in cancer treatment and early detection, the number of people living with cancer is increasing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between combined prediagnostic lifestyle factors, assessed by...

Role of miRNAs in breast cancer development and progression: Current research.

Breast cancer, a complex and heterogeneous ailment impacting numerous women worldwide, persists as a prominent cause of cancer-related fatalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, have garnered significant attention for their involvement in breast cancer's progression. These molecules post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, influencing crucial cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review provides an overview of the current research on the role of miRNAs in breast cancer. It discusses the role of miRNAs in breast cancer, including the different subtypes of breast cancer, their molecular characteristics, and the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gene expression in breast cancer cells. Additionally, the review highlights recent studies identifying specific miRNAs that are dysregulated in breast cancer and their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, the review explores the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in breast cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of miRNA-based therapies, such as antagomir and miRNA mimic therapies, in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Emerging areas, including the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to advance miRNA research and the "One Health" approach that integrates human and animal cancer insights, are also discussed. However, challenges remain before these therapies can be fully translated into clinical practice. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of miRNAs in breast cancer research and their potential as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools. A deeper understanding of miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer is essential for their successful application in clinical settings. With continued research, miRNA-based approaches hold promise for improving patient outcomes in this devastating disease.

Rare germline variants in cancer-relevant genes are associated with breast cancer risk in young women with high-risk family history.

It is incompletely understood why some women develop breast cancer 15-20years earlier than the majority of women. We hypothesize that women with early-onset breast cancer and high-risk family history without germline pathogenic variants in cancer-predisposing genes (CPGs, n = 83) have a higher load of germline high functional impact variants (gHFI) in cancer hallmark genes (n = 1508) compared to healthy controls. Germline whole exome sequencing data were analyzed from 5818 breast cancer cases from UKBiobank and from 94 young women with breast cancer without CPG pathogenic variants from the Yale Cancer Prevention Clinic, and compared to 149 controls from Yale GENERATIONS project and 56,917 controls from UKBiobank. Rare gHFI variants were compared between cases and controls using the burden test and the optimal unified SNP-set Kernel Association Test (SKAT-O). We assessed germline versus somatic origins of pathway level alterations in the TCGA and Yale data. In UKBiobank, higher gHFI variant load was seen in CPGs in cancer cases regardless of family history (p < 8.78 × 10-8), and in hallmark genes in cases with family history vs controls (p = 0.0093). Similarly, numerically higher rare gHFI burden was seen in hallmark genes in the Yale cohort vs controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Pathway level alterations were dominated by somatic events. These results suggest that rare germline variants in cancer biology-related genes partly mediate the contribution of family history to cancer risk in individuals without germline alterations in high penetrance CPGs.

Breast cancer Treatment and Fertility Preservation: A Narrative Review of Impacts, Strategies and Ethical Considerations.

At present, breast cancer represents the most common malignancy diagnosed in women worldwide. Due to the trend toward delayed childbearing, many women of reproductive age are being diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy or hormone therapy which can adversely affect their fertility. This literature review discusses the effects of breast cancer treatment on fertility and options for fertility preservation. Treatments used in the management of breast cancer often result in a diminished ovarian reserve, premature ovarian insufficiency, and treatment-related amenorrhea. Chemotherapy may cause direct damage to oocytes and deplete ovarian reserve, while hormone therapies such as tamoxifen can cause amenorrhea and delay childbearing. Targeted therapies and radiotherapy may also pose risks to reproductive health. Fertility preservation is a concern for patients, and many of them may refuse or prematurely discontinue treatment to preserve their fertility. It is relevant to incorporate considerations of fertility at the time of treatment planning for breast cancers and to provide information to appropriate patients regarding their options. Current techniques available for fertility preservation include ovarian suppression, oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. In spite of these techniques being in existence, there are plenty of barriers that deter the patients from availing them, including lack of awareness, financial constraints, and the need for timely treatment. This review implicates that these challenges require multidisciplinary approaches and a patient-centered approach. Further research is warranted toward the improvement of fertility preservation techniques, individual variability in protocols, and newer advances in reproductive medicine to further optimize quality of life in survivors of breast cancer.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in T1a/bN0 breast cancer with a high 21-gene recurrence score (> 25): a 10-year follow-up in a real-world cohort.

In ER + /HER2- early breast cancer (BC), 21-Gene Recurrence Score (RS) > 25 indicates high-risk of distant-recurrence and predicts benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT) regardless of tumor-size. However, T1a/b (≤ 1cm) node-negative (N0) tumors, regarded as of low risk of recurrence, were under-represented in the RS trials. We therefore aimed to investigate the benefit of aCT in patients with T1a/bN0 BC, RS > 25, where clinical and genomic riskindicators are discordant. This retrospective observational cohort study utilized Israel's national Oncotest database to identify Clalit Health Services (CHS) members, diagnosed with T1a/bN0 HR + /HER2- BC, who underwent RS testing between February 2006, and December 2019. Patients with RS > 25 who received aCT were matched 1:1 by propensity-scoring to similarpatients receiving no aCT. Invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and distant recurrence were the study endpoints. Patient demographic and clinical data were obtained from CHS's centralized database. Kaplan--Meier analysis with log-rank testing was used for comparing outcomes. During the study period, high-risk RS result (> 25) was identified in 156/9858 patients of the study cohort. aCTwas administered to 74 (47.4%) and median follow-up was 121months.Within the 148 matched-cases, eighteen iDFS-events occurred, nine (12.1%) in each group (χ2 = 0.72, p = 0.39). Four (5.4%) of the aCT treated and three (4.0%) of the untreated patients were diagnosed with distant recurrence (χ2 = 0.22, p = 0.64). In this study cohort, patients with T1a/bN0BC, RS > 25 that received aCT, did not have improved outcomes and the 21-Gene RS > 25 was not found to be predictive, possibly due to the low number of events observed.

Translation and validation of the Swedish version of the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised and investigation of the modified three subscale structure in patients undergoing breast reconstruction.

Breast cancer can lead to changes in appearance and subsequent concerns about body image. This study aimed to translate the body investment instrument, Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised (ASI-R), to Swedish, and perform a validation in women who underwent mastectomy and were awaiting breast reconstruction. The instrument was translated, and its psychometric properties were investigated according to current guidelines. Three hundred and ninety-seven women were eligible for the study, and 215 (54%) participants responded. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that a three-factor structure was the most adequate solution. Three new subscales were suggested: body image investment cognition; breast and body image investment emotions; breast reflecting dysfunctional cognitive and emotional patterns of appearance investment and body image investment behaviors; breast reflecting positive ways of investing in body image. Consistent with previous findings, control over appearance is a central theme in women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction. The obtained factor structure was considered similar to the original structure and three-factor solutions obtained from an American cohort of patients with breast cancer. The ASI-R has shown good psychometric properties in Swedish women undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction. Further studies on convergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis are required.

Study on the biosafety and targeting efficiency of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles in breast tumor.

To seek out the targeting of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles (E. coli OMVs) in breast tumor-bearing mice and their biosafety in healthy mice. Ultrafiltration in conjunction with ultracentrifugation was utilized to concentrate E. coli OMVs, and characterize them. Subcutaneous breast tumors were induced in BALB/c mice to serve as an experimental model, and the biodistribution of E. coli OMVs in both tumor-bearing and healthy mice was monitored using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Utilizing frozen sections, the infiltration of E. coli OMVs in tumor tissues was appraised at the 24-hour post-injection. Healthy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group and vesicles group. Following the intravenous injection of E. coli OMVs, monitoring encompassed variations in body weight, blood routine indices, serum levels of AST, ALT, and BUN, organ indices (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney), along with tissue histopathology over a 14-day period. The spherical E. coli OMVs had a diameter of (155.8 ± 3.1) nm and exhibited the expression of outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpC. Upon assessment, it was evident that the E. coli OMVs persisted in the tumor tissues even 24h post-injection. An evident decrease in the body weight of the vesicles group, distinct from the control group, was observed on the second day after injection (P < 0.001); in contrast, no considerable differences were noted at subsequent time points (P > 0.05). Following the injection, the vesicles group displayed notable reductions in WBC and PLT as relative to the control group (P < 0.0001) on the initial day, however, there were no noteworthy distinctions as opposed to the control group for other hematological indices; No notable variances in hematological indices between the two groups were observed on the seventh and fourteenth day (P > 0.05). Over the 14 days, no substantial differences were observed in the serum levels of BUN, AST, ALT, and organ indices within the vesicles group as opposed to the control group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no obvious abnormal changes in tissue morphology. 0.5mg/kg of E. coli OMVs can safely and effectively target 4T1 breast tumor in mice.

Incidental Ovarian Uptake in Bone Scintigraphy.

A 47-year-old woman, recently diagnosed with breast cancer, underwent staging. A whole-body bone scan revealed an unexpected focal 99mTc-MDP uptake in her right ovary. Extensive literature review suggested various malignant pathologies for this incidental ovarian uptake. Despite inconclusive results from other imaging modalities, the multidisciplinary tumor board recommended right ovarian resection due to a history of abnormal uterine bleeding. The final pathology confirmed an adult-type granulosa cell tumor. Interestingly, subsequent surgery performed for staging purposes found no additional tumor sources. This case highlights the enhanced diagnostic value of hybrid imaging in bone scintigraphy.

Assessing Novel Antibody-Based Therapies in Reconstructive 3D Cell Models of the Tumor Microenvironment.

Targeted, combinatorial, and immunomodulatory therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunomodulatory antibodies (Abs), are powerful weapons against tumor cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the evaluation of such therapies should be conducted in pre-clinical models able to recapitulate the complex cellular and molecular crosstalk of the TME. To build-in critical hallmarks of the TME, a breast cancer heterotypic 3D cell model (3D-3) is devised using a microencapsulation strategy with an inert biomaterial (alginate) and agitation-based cultures. Both stromal and immune components are added to multicellular tumor spheroids, therefore fostering cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) immunomodulatory interactions. The potential of the methodology to assess Ab-based therapies is then addressed by employing a series of anti-HER2-based ADCs. ADCs induced tumor-cell specific cytotoxicity toward HER2+ breast cancer spheroids while sparing HER2-negative CAFs. In addition, an immunomodulatory blocking Ab against colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) decreases the expression of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory markers in TAMs, like what is previously observed upon in vivo α-CSF1R administration. Collectively, the human TME-based 3D-3 cell model is a suitable tool to evaluate the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory potential of novel antibody-based therapies directed against TME targets, such as cancer cells and macrophages.

Is model-based dose calculation based on cone-beam computed tomography suitable for adaptive treatment planning in brachytherapy?

Model-based dose calculation considering tissue compositions is increasingly being investigated in brachytherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of modern cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging compared to conventional computed tomography (CT) scans for this purpose. By means of aphantom study, we evaluated the CT numbers and electron densities measured using amodern CBCT device as well as aconventional CT scanner for various materials. Based on this, we compared dose calculations (using the TG-43 formalism as well as model-based collapsed cone calculations assuming uniform materials [ACEuniform] and considering CT numbers [ACECT#]) on planning CTs and control CBCTs for patients with cervical and breast cancer as well as phantom-simulated skin cancer cases. Assessing dosimetric deviations between the planning CTs and control CBCTs acquired during the treatment course served to estimate interfractional implant variations. The comparison of ACEuniform-ACECT# deviations between planning CTs and control CBCTs revealed no statistically significant difference for almost all examined dose parameters. Dosimetric deviations between model-based dose calculations and TG-43 were partly significant but of small magnitude (< 10 cGy per fraction). Interfractional dosimetric variations were substantially larger than the dosimetric differences found between the various dose calculation procedures. Model-based dose calculation based on modern CBCT imaging was suitable. However, the found differences between these calculations and the TG-43 formalism should be investigated in dose-outcome analyses. The observed interfractional dosimetric variations revealed the importance of performing treatment quality assurance.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging for Quantification of Targeted Drug Delivery in Varying Tumor Microenvironments.

Trastuzumab (TZM) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is clinically used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast tumors. However, the tumor microenvironment can limit the access of TZM to the HER2 targets across the whole tumor and thereby compromisingTZM's therapeutic efficacy. An imaging methodology that can non-invasively quantify the binding of TZM-HER2, which is required for therapeutic action, and distribution within tumors with varying tumor microenvironments is much needed. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence lifetime (FLI) Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is performed to measure TZM-HER2 binding, using in vitro microscopy and in vivo widefield macroscopy, in HER2 overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer cells and tumor xenografts, respectively. Immunohistochemistry is used to validate in vivo imaging results. NIR FLI FRET in vitro microscopy data show variations in intracellular distribution of bound TZM in HER2-positive breast AU565 and AU565 tumor-passaged XTM cell lines in comparison to SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Macroscopy FLI (MFLI) FRET in vivo imaging data show that SKOV-3 tumors display reduced TZM binding compared to AU565 and XTM tumors, as validated by ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Moreover, AU565/XTM and SKOV-3 tumor xenografts display different amounts and distributions of TME components, such as collagen and vascularity. Therefore, these results suggest that SKOV-3 tumors are refractory to TZM delivery due to their disrupted vasculature and increased collagen content. The study demonstrates that FLI is a powerful analytical tool to monitor the delivery of antibodydrugs both in cell cultures and in vivo live systems. Especially, MFLI FRET is a unique imaging modality that can directly quantify target engagement with the potential to elucidate the role of the TME in drug delivery efficacy in intact live tumor xenografts.

Tumor-related fungi and crosstalk with gut fungi in the tumor microenvironment.

Most studies on the human gut microbiome have focused on the bacterial fraction rather than fungal biomics, which as resulted in an incomplete understanding of the fungal microbiome. Recent advances in microbiota detection and next-generation sequencing technology have boosted an increase in research on fungi. Symbiotic fungi have become increasingly influential in health and disease and modulate various physiologic functions within the host. Fungal infections can result in high morbidity and mortality rates and are life-threatening in some immunocompromised patients. In addition to bacterial dysbiosis, alterations in fungal communities are important and have been linked to many diseases, including asthma, mental illness, and various cancers. When investigating cancer it is imperative to consider the role of fungi alongside viruses and bacteria. This review examined the impact of intestinal fungi and peri-tumor fungi on tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and response to anticancer therapies. The review highlights the specific involvement of some fungal species in cancers include digestive tract tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and gastric cancers, as well as non-digestive tract tumors such as lung, melanoma, breast, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, fungal mechanisms of action, including fungus-host recognition and immune regulation, biofilm formation, toxin and metabolite production in the tumor microenvironment, and the complex effects of fungus-bacteria interactions on tumorigenesis and development, highlight the significance of potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Benzoic Acid Derivative and Bipyridinefrom the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. DS52.

Fourteen new compounds were isolated from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. DS52, including twelve pyrimidine nucleosides (1-12), one benzoic acid derivative (13) and one dipyridine derivative (14). Additionally, twenty-eight known compounds (15-42) were identified. The structures of all compounds were elucidated through extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. ECD calculations were employed to investigate the configurations of compounds 1, 2 and 4-13. Bioactivity evaluations of all of the compounds showed that compounds 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 33-38, 41, and 42 exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT-116 human colon cancer cell lines and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 17.44 ± 0.53 μM and from 1.11 ± 0.06 to 18.51 ± 3.07 μM, respectively. Notably, compound 41 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.73 ± 0.06 and 1.11 ± 0.06 μM, respectively.

Beyond Tuskegee: A contemporary qualitative assessment of barriers to research participation among Black women.

Health care inequities have partially contributed to the existing racial gaps in health. Despite having lower incidence rates of breast cancer, Black women have a 41% higher mortality rate than White women. Black individuals remain underrepresented in research. Diversity in research is paramount to the improvement of clinical care practices and subgroup-specific guidelines. Black women from various community venues across geographic regions of the United States were invited via email, online fliers, social media platforms, and word of mouth to participate in focus groups. Six online focus groups of six to 10 Black women aged 25-65 years (N=38) with and without a history of cancer were conducted with an in-depth semistructured discussion guide. Most participants were college educated (32 of 38; 84.2%), aged 50 years or older (31 of 38; 81.6%), and had an annual income of $50,000 or more (26 of 38; 68.4%). Several barriers to research participation were identified. They included a lack of empathy and respect in health care settings, apprehension regarding the sharing of personal information, mistrust of medical research, and logistical/technical barriers. Alternatively, building individual and community trust and communicating the value of conducting research beneficial to the Black community were viewed as facilitators to research participation. Successful engagement of Black women in research requires the acknowledgment and consideration of the numerous barriers that affect their ability to participate. Black women are more inclined to participate in research when the research team is knowledgeable, has experience within their communities, and engages trusted community partners. Additionally, the research must be meaningful and impactful to future generations of Black women.

Access to Breast Cancer Screening: Disparities and Determinants-AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

While breast cancer screening reduces mortality, disparities in access continue to limit equitable care. Medically underserved groups-including American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, Hispanic, disabled, and LGBTQ+ individuals-face significant barriers in accessing screening mammography services. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review leverages the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to analyze persistent inequities in screening, focusing on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disabilities, health insurance, and geography. Screening guidelines vary across organizations, complicating access for underserved groups. Legislative efforts, including breast density notification laws and the Find It Early Act, aim to address disparities but remain insufficient. Traditional risk models can yield inconsistent assessments of high-risk status and disparities in appropriate referral for genetic testing and supplemental screening. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) promise to reduce these gaps by improving risk assessment and detection accuracy, although clinical integration requires careful evaluation to avoid exacerbating existing inequities. This article underscores the importance of policies and practices that address the needs of disabled individuals and other marginalized populations, focusing on creating inclusive and effective screening systems. Recommendations are provided to guide future research, policy development, and clinical practices aimed at mitigating disparities in breast cancer screening.

Enhanced Inhibition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastases with High-Dose Rujifang Treatment Assessed by Optical Flow Cytometry In Vivo

Enhanced Inhibition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastases with High-Dose Rujifang Treatment Assessed by Optical Flow Cytometry <i>In Vivo</i>