Epidemiology Of Breast Cancer Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Breast Cancer: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Gender Disparities

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant variations in prevalence, diagnosis, and outcomes across different regions and genders. This comprehensive review examines the global and regional epidemiology of breast cancer, highlighting the increasing incidence driven by demographic changes, lifestyle factors, and urbanization. It explores the impact of gender on breast cancer, noting unique challenges faced by men and women, including diagnostic delays and treatment disparities. The review delves into the risk factors associated with breast cancer, such as genetic mutations, hormonal influences, and lifestyle choices, and discusses advancements in diagnostic technologies, including mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and emerging tools like liquid biopsies and AI-based imaging. Treatment options are analyzed, focusing on personalized medicine, targeted therapies, and the challenges of therapy resistance and recurrence. Preventive strategies, including lifestyle modifications, prophylactic surgeries, and chemoprevention, are reviewed alongside public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness and screening. The psychosocial impact of breast cancer on patients and their families is also addressed, emphasizing the need for supportive care, patient advocacy, and integrative approaches to improve quality of life. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, policy initiatives, and strategies to address gender disparities and enhance breast cancer care globally. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Epidemiology, Gender Disparities, Risk Factors, Diagnosis

Social epidemiology of female breast cancer in the region of Varna-Bulgaria in 2013-2021 – A retrospective study

Background Female breast cancer remains the most common malignant disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. We aim to follow up on the annual dynamics of its incidence, prevalence and mortality rates in the region of Varna, Bulgaria. Methods Data for the recent retrospective analyses was accessed through the information system of Marko Markov Specialized Hospital for Oncological Diseases of Varna for 2017-2021 and two most recent publications for 2013-2017, in accordance with the Medical University-Varna Ethical committee guidelines. Results The total number of newly registered cases of breast cancer in women aged between 24 and 95 years amounted to 1,341. Mean crude incidence rate in 2017-2021 was 108.83 per 100,000, ranging from 119.89 to 105.25 per 100,000 in 2017 and 2020, respectively. The age group of 61-70 years was most affected (26.55% of the cases). Mean crude prevalence rate during this period was 1496.32 per 100,000, varying from 1447.75 to 1549.71 per 100 000 in 2017 and 2020, respectively. The total number of deaths until the end of 2022 reached 310 with 2018 being the greatest in mortality rate (30.22% of the cases). In 2017-2021, bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed as synchronous in 15 women and metachronous in 9 women. Conclusions The regular regional epidemiological investigations could contribute to the enhancement of the effectiveness and quality of prevention, timely diagnosis and adequate complex treatment.

Global, regional, and national trends in the burden of breast cancer among individuals aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer poses a substantial health challenge for the world’s over-70 population. However, data on the impact and epidemiology of breast cancer in this age group are limited. We aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national breast cancer trends among those aged 70 and older between 1990 and 2021.MethodsIn this trend analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), we report on the incidence rates and Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) counts, as well as the incidence rates per 100,000 individuals and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for breast cancer among individuals aged 70 and above at the global, regional, and national levels. We analyzed these global trends by age, sex, and socio-developmental index (SDI). Joinpoint regression elucidates pivotal trend shifts.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of breast cancer in the over-70 population modestly increased from 104 to 107 per 100,000, with significant trend changes in 1995, 2005, and 2018. Regionally, High-income North America had the highest incidence in 2021, while North Africa and the Middle East saw the steepest rise in incidence and DALYs. The only decrease was in the High SDI quintile. The 70–74 age group experienced the largest increase globally, with rates rising from 86.3 to 90 per 100,000 (AAPC 0.27).ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, global breast cancer incidence in the over-70 population saw a slight uptick, contrasted by a significant reduction in DALYs, likely due to progress in endocrine and targeted therapies. This underscores the critical need for enhanced screening and personalized treatments for older patients.

Features of Epidemiology and Surgical Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Azerbaijan

Purpose. To study the characteristics of the prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the Republic of Azerbaijan, to determine the effectiveness of surgical methods in treatment of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 769 patients aged 21 to 87 years with a diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer who underwent examination and treatment at the National Center of Oncology (NCO) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan during 2015–2019. The molecular subtypes of tumors in patients were determined based on immunohistochemical examination of tumor tissue obtained by tru-cut biopsy. Results. Epidemiological studies in the Republic of Azerbaijan determined that the extensiveness of TNBC was 9.4%, the intensity was 3.70/0000, and the injury rate was 22.30/0000. The lethality rate in the Republic was 12.0%, and the total mortality rate was 1.50/0000. Statistical analysis showed that 63 (12.0%) patients who underwent organ– preserving surgery had recurrences, and 51 (9.7%) had a lethal outcome. Depending on the type of surgery, there was no statistically sign if incant difference between the recurrence rate and lethality in operated patients (p=0.169). Thus, 38 (16.5%) patients with TNBC who underwent mastectomy had a relapse, and 28 (12.1%) had a lethal outcome. Conclusion. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, the extensiveness of TNBC is 9.4%, and the lethality rate is 12.0%. In patients with TNBC, the type of surgery (organ-preserving surgery and mastectomy) does not affect he percentage of long-term recurrency of the disease and mortality. Цель. Изучение особенностей распространения трижды негативного рака молочной железы (ТНРМЖ) в Азербайджанской Республике, определение эффективности хирургических методов лечения заболевания. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 769 пациентов в возрасте от 21 года до 87 лет с диагнозом ТНРМЖ, проходивших обследование и лечение в Национальном центре онкологии (НЦО) Министерства здравоохранения Азербайджанской Республики в течение 2015–2019 гг. Молекулярные подтипы опухолей у пациентов определяли на основании иммуногистохимического исследования опухолевой ткани, полученной методом tru-cut биопсии. Результаты. По данным эпидемиологических исследований, в Азербайджанской Республике показатель экстенсивности заболевания ТНРМЖ составил 9,4%, показатель интенсивности – 3,70/0000, а показатель травматичности – 22,30/0000. Показатель летальности по республике составил 12,0%, а общий коэффициент смертности – 1,50/0000. Статистический анализ показал, что у 63 (12,0%) пациентов, перенесших органосохраняющие операции, зафиксирован рецидив, а у 51 (9,7%) – летальный исход. В зависимости от вида операции статистически значимой разницы между частотой рецидивов и летальностью у оперированных пациентов не выявлено (р=0,169). Так, у 38 (16,5%) пациентов с ТНРМЖ, перенесших мастэктомию, наблюдался рецидив, а у 28 (12,1%) – летальный исход. Заключение. В Азербайджанской Республике экстенсивность ТНРМЖ составляет 9,4%, а летальность – 12,0%. У пациентов с ТНРМЖ тип операции (органосохраняющая операция и мастэктомия) не влияет на процент отдаленного рецидива заболевания и летальности.

Male and female disparities in breast cancer epidemiology: A comparative cross-sectional analysis of a Brazilian cohort (2017–2021)

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 1 % of all breast cancer cases. Nevertheless, the paucity of MBC-specific research has impeded a thorough understanding of MBC. In this study, we aimed to delineate the epidemiological implications of MBC in Brazil and benchmarked it against female breast cancer (FBC). This retrospective study analyzed data from the DATASUS database (2017–2021), which assessed the incidence of breast cancer in both sexes. All statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods, with significance set at a 95 % confidence interval. We identified 4,326 (1.7 %) and 233,793 (94.2 %) patients with MBC and FBC, respectively, in Brazil. Despite the general population concentration in the Southeast, MBC cases were more prevalent in the Northeast (p < 0.0004). At breast cancer diagnosis, males were typically older (mean age 59.5 [±10.2] years) than females (mean age 55.7 7 [±9.8] years). MBC was more commonly diagnosed clinically compared with FBC, which was most commonly diagnosed via screening. Surgical diagnostics were twice as likely in males, who also more frequently presented with advanced disease stages (stages III and IV; 72.8 % vs. 59.3 %), leading to a higher rate of mastectomy. Treatment was initiated earlier in males than in females. Although MBC comprises a minority of breast cancer cases, it is more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage compared with FBC and necessitates aggressive treatment. Our study also underscores the potential benefit of prompt initiation of therapy and need for tailored clinical approaches in patients with MBC.

Incidence and Prognostic Values in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low Expression Metastatic Breast Cancer in Southeast Asian Population: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Breast cancer progression varies across molecular subtypes, and treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low expression tumors are limited compared with those of HER2 overexpression tumors. Comprehensive information regarding the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of metastatic HER2-low expression breast cancer in a Southeast Asian population is lacking. This retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze data from patients with de novo advanced breast cancer, including HER2 expression, tumor stage, and metastatic pattern. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and survival analyses, were used to compare HER2-low expression and HER2-negative groups. Of the 491 patients, 21.2% had HER2-low expression, 30% had HER2 overexpression, and 50% had HER2-negative expression. Among the hormone receptor (HR)-positive patients, 34% had HER2-low expression; in the triple-negative patients, the HER2-low incidence was 20.6%. No significant differences in clinical characteristics between HER2-low and HER2-negative groups were observed, except for more HR-positive patients in the HER2-low group. HER2-low patients had a longer overall survival (OS) than HER2-negative patients (43 v 23 months; hazard ratio, 0.7; P < .001), especially in HR-positive patients. After adjusting for HR status, HER2-low patients maintained improved outcomes. HR-positive HER2-low patients showed nonsignificant OS gains compared with HR-positive HER2-negative patients, regardless of first-line chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. This study revealed the incidence and clinical outcomes of HER2-low expression in de novo advanced breast cancer, suggesting favorable outcomes, particularly in HR-positive breast cancer. These findings may inform personalized treatment strategies. Further research into the mechanisms and implications of HER2-low expression in breast cancer is required.

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Gomel region: incidence, mortality and disability

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Gomel region: incidence, mortality and disability

EPH218 The Clinical and Economic Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Brazil from 2016 to 2022: A Real-World Evidence Study of 295,000 Outpatients in Public System

EPH218 The Clinical and Economic Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Brazil from 2016 to 2022: A Real-World Evidence Study of 295,000 Outpatients in Public System

Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

The worldwide cancer burden is growing, and populations residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a disproportionate extent of this growth. Breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers are among the top 10 most frequently diagnosed malignancies, and they also account for a substantial degree of cancer mortality internationally. Effective screening strategies are available for all three of these cancers. Individuals from LMICs face substantial cost and access barriers to early detection programs, and late stage at diagnosis continues to be a major cause for cancer mortality in these communities. This chapter will review the epidemiology of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers, and will explore prospects for improving global control through novel approaches to screening in cost-constrained environments.

Abstract PO4-17-09: Epidemiological Analysis and Overall Survival of Male Breast Cancer in a Developing Middle Eastern Country Over 18 Years

Abstract Background: despite the profound rarity of breast cancer in males, it remains of importance given the associated morbidity and mortality, including the association with worse prognosis than female patients. Nonetheless, male breast cancer epidemiology remains poorly studied in middle eastern populations. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study examined male patients aged 15 to 85 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2018, using data from the Jordan Cancer Registry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the 5-year overall survival of the patients over time. Results: A total of 22,600 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer since 2000 in Jordan, of which 362 (1.6%) patients were males. 39.8% of male breast cancer cases occurred in the right breast, while the left breast was affected in 43.4% of the cases, and 3.3% of the cases were bilateral. Meanwhile, laterality was not mentioned in 13.5% of registry records. All male breast cancer cases were malignant in origin with the breast being the primary cancer. Most male patients had grade II (N=112, 30.9%) followed by grade III breast cancer (N=88, 24.3%). Among the male breast cancer cohort, 224 (62.2%) were treated with surgical intervention, 103 (28.8%) patients were given chemotherapy, 84 (23.4%) patients had radiotherapy and 24 (6.70%) patients had hormonal therapy. 27 patients died during the follow up period. The 5-year overall survival rate for the patients was 92.5% (95% CI, 89.9% to 95.3%). Conclusion: Breast cancer in middle eastern males tends to more commonly present in the left breast, and at a more advanced stage in comparison to females. Citation Format: Zaid Abdulelah, Ahmed Abdulelah, Abdulrahman Alhajahjeh, Ahmad Ghazzawi, Layla El-Amayreh, Hikmat Abdel-Razeq. Epidemiological Analysis and Overall Survival of Male Breast Cancer in a Developing Middle Eastern Country Over 18 Years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-17-09.

BRCA testing and management of BRCA-mutated early-stage breast cancer: a comprehensive statement by expert group from GCC region.

BReast CAncer (BRCA)1 and BRCA2 gene pathogenic variants account for most hereditary breast cancers (BC). Identification of BRCA mutations can significantly influence both prognosis and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, it enables the identification of individuals who are at heightened risk of developing BC due to inherited genetic mutations. Many developing countries rely on western guidelines for BRCA testing and BC management; however, there exist wide disparities in the prevalence of risk factors, availability of medical resources, and practice patterns. Guidelines tailored to specific regions can help mitigate healthcare variations, promote consistency in treatment, and aid healthcare providers in identifying effective therapies for improving patient outcomes. Hence, oncologists from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) congregated virtually in March 2023 and reviewed existing data on the epidemiology of BC, BRCA mutations, practices and challenges associated with BRCA testing and management of BRCA mutated early-stage BC in the GCC region. They also provided insights on the real-world diagnostic and treatment practices and challenges in the GCC region in the BRCA-mutated early-stage BC domain and suggested some variations to international guidelines to aid their uptake in this region.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Breast Cancer Disease Model Using Real-World Claims Data in Germany from 2010 to 2020.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Germany and worldwide. This retrospective claims data analysis utilizing data from AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, a major statutory German health insurance provider, aimed to construct and assess a real-world data breast cancer disease model. The study included 27,869 female breast cancer patients and 55,738 age-matched controls, analyzing data from 2010 to 2020. Three distinct breast cancer stages were analyzed: Stage A (early breast cancer without lymph node involvement), Stage B (early breast cancer with lymph node involvement), and Stage C (primary distant metastatic breast cancer). Tumor subtypes were estimated based on the prescription of antihormonal or HER2-targeted therapy. The study established that 77.9% of patients had HR+ breast cancer and 9.8% HER2+; HR+/HER2- was the most common subtype (70.9%). Overall survival (OS) analysis demonstrated significantly lower survival rates for stages B and C than for controls, with 5-year OS rates ranging from 79.3% for stage B to 35.4% for stage C. OS rates were further stratified by tumor subtype and stage, revealing varying prognoses. Distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) analysis showed higher recurrence rates in stage B than in stage A, with HR-/HER2- displaying the worst DRFS. This study, the first to model breast cancer subtypes, stages, and outcomes using German claims data, provides valuable insights into real-world breast cancer epidemiology and demonstrates that this breast cancer disease model has the potential to be representative of treatment outcomes.

Navigating the Nexus: HIV and Breast Cancer-A Critical Review.

Despite significant advances in the management of antiretroviral therapy (ART), leading to improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH), the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers, including breast cancer, has emerged as a critical concern. This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology of breast cancer among HIV-infected individuals, highlighting the potential for an altered risk profile, earlier onset, and more advanced disease at diagnosis. It delves into the molecular considerations underpinning the relationship between HIV and breast cancer, including the role of immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, and gene expression alterations. Additionally, it examines the complexities of managing breast cancer in the context of HIV, particularly the challenges posed by ART and anticancer agents' cross-toxicities and drug-drug interactions. The review also addresses survival disparities, underscoring the need for improved cancer care in this population. By identifying gaps in knowledge and areas requiring further research, this review aims to illuminate the complexities of HIV-associated breast cancer, fostering a deeper understanding of its epidemiology, molecular basis, and clinical management challenges, thereby contributing to better outcomes for individuals at the intersection of these two conditions. This narrative review systematically explores the intersection of HIV infection and breast cancer, focusing on the impact of HIV on breast cancer risk, outcomes, and treatment challenges.

276 (PB-092) Poster - Epidemiology of HER2-low breast cancer in Lithuania

276 (PB-092) Poster - Epidemiology of HER2-low breast cancer in Lithuania

Iterative Tuning of Tree-Ensemble-Based Models' parameters Using Bayesian Optimization for Breast Cancer Prediction

The study presents a method for iterative parameter tuning of tree ensemble-based models using Bayesian hyperparameter tuning for states prediction, using breast cancer as an example. The proposed method utilizes three different datasets, including the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) breast cancer dataset, and the Breast Cancer Coimbra dataset (BCCD), and implements tree ensemble-based models, specifically AdaBoost, Gentle-Boost, LogitBoost, Bag, and RUSBoost, for breast cancer prediction. Bayesian optimization was used to tune the hyperparameters of the models iteratively, and the performance of the models was evaluated using several metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. Our results show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of tree ensemble-based models, resulting in higher accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. Compared to other state-of-the-art models, the proposed method is more efficient. It achieved perfect scores of 100% for Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score on the WDBC dataset. On the SEER BC dataset, the method achieved an accuracy of 95.9%, a precision of 97.6%, a recall of 94.2%, and an F1-Score of 95.9%. For the BCCD dataset, the method achieved an accuracy of 94.7%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 100%, and an F1-Score of 94.7%. The outcomes of this study have important implications for medical professionals, as early detection of breast cancer can significantly increase the chances of survival. Overall, this study provides a valuable contribution to the field of breast cancer prediction using machine learning.

Epidemiology of breast cancer in a tertiary oncology hospital in the countryside of Minas Gerais

Epidemiology of breast cancer in a tertiary oncology hospital in the countryside of Minas Gerais

Epidemiology of Breast, Corpus Uteri, and Ovarian Cancers in Lebanon With Emphasis on Breast Cancer Incidence Trends and Risk Factors Compared to Regional and Global Rates.

This study explores the incidence and trends of breast (Bca), corpus uteri (CUca), and ovarian (Oca) cancer in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern country. It compares the Bca rates to regional and global ones and discusses Bca risk factors in Lebanon. Globally, Bca is the premier cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women. Data on female Bca, CUca, and Oca published by the Lebanese national cancer registry were obtained (ie, for the years of 2005 to 2016). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRw) and age-specific rates per 100,000 female population were computed. From 2005 to 2016, Bca, Oca, and CUca ranked first, sixth, and seventh, respectively, for cancer incidence among women in Lebanon. Bca alone accounted for 39.4% of all new female cancer cases. The ASIRw increased significantly for Bca and CUca (APC: 3.60 and 3.73, P < .05) but not for Oca (APC: 1.27, P > .05). The Bca ASIRw (per 100,000) increased significantly from 71.0 in 2005 to 115.6 in 2013 (P < .05), then decreased steadily but non-significantly to reach 96.8 in 2016 (P > .05). Lebanon's Bca ASIRw is comparable to developed countries. This may reflect altered sociological and reproductive patterns as the country transitions from regional to global trends. The five-year age-specific rates analysis revealed that Bca rates rose steeply from 35-39 to 50-54, dropped slightly between 55 and 64, then rose till 75+. The five-year age-specific rates between 35 and 54 among Lebanese women were amongst the highest worldwide from 2008 to 2012, even higher than the rates in Belgium, which had the highest ASIRw of Bca worldwide in 2020. Lebanon's Bca ASIRw is among the highest globally. It's important to investigate the contributing factors and develop a national Bca control strategy. This study supports the national recommendation in initiating Bca screening at age 40 for women.

The Japanese Breast Cancer Society clinical practice guidelines for epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer, 2022 edition

The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Epidemiology and Prevention of Breast Cancer, 2022 Edition.

Epidemiology of breast cancer in women in Norway

Introduction. Breast cancer in women in Norway currently accounts for 23% of all cancer cases and is also the most common cause of death in this population. Thanks to the availability of preventive tests and the implementation of tests, many cases of the disease are diagnosed at an early stage, which has a positive impact on the prognosis. The introduction of new technologies and treatment methods in oncology has given many women a chance for longer survival and even complete recovery.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to present the epidemiological situation of women with breast cancer in Norway and to identify factors that may be important for the incidence, duration of survival and mortality due to this cancer.&#x0D; Material and methods. The work uses a review and analysis of the literature from the Norwegian online database Kreftregisteret Cancer in Norway (from 2019-2022) and a review of data published by: Norwegian Ministry of Health and Welfare and Statistics Norway.&#x0D; Results. Breast cancer in Norway is the most common cause of death in women under 65 years of age. In 2022, 4,197 new cases were recorded, i.e. more than in previous years, and the average age of women at diagnosis was 62 years. The incidence rate of breast cancer in the female population aged 50–69 was also higher and clearly associated with the more frequent use of hormonal treatment during menopause. The effects of treatment of this cancer in Norway are satisfactory, because nine out of ten women diagnosed with breast cancer survive 5 years after diagnosis.&#x0D; Conclusions. Breast cancer among women in Norway is still a serious health and social problem, but the functioning of the health care system and the attitude of women themselves allow for satisfactory treatment results. Evidence of significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of women diagnosed with breast cancer is the fact that over 90% of patients with this cancer can be considered cured.

TRPML1 as a potential therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer: a review.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most refractory subtype of breast cancer, and effective treatments are urgently needed owing to its poor prognosis. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination, are the leading choices for TNBC therapy. Although promising approaches and procedures have emerged, several challenges, such as off-target effects, drug resistance, and severe side effects, remain to be addressed. Recently, transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) has attracted the attention of researchers because its expression has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. TRPML1 regulates biological events and signaling pathways, including autophagic flux, exocytosis, ionic homeostasis, and lysosomal biogenesis, all contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. TRPML1 also functions as a building block for cancer cell growth, mitogenic signaling, priming tissues for metastasis, and activation of transcriptional programs, processes involved in several malignant tumors. This review provides an overview of breast cancer epidemiology and diagnostic techniques and then discusses the existing therapeutics. Additionally, we elaborate on the development of, and associated challenges to, TNBC diagnostics and treatment and the feasibility of TRPML1 as a therapeutic target for TNBC.