Technological Breakthroughs Research Articles

Computational Exploration of Variable-Pitch Fans as Thrust Reversers and Their Influence on Noise Abatement in Turbofan Propulsion Systems

Variable pitch propellers, once confined to turboprop engines, are now revolutionizing turbofan applications. Recent breakthroughs in materials and technology, exemplified by Pratt & Whitney’s geared turbofan engine, underscore the practicality of variable pitch systems. Ongoing research promises to extend their adoption across diverse engine types, significantly enhancing safety and performance. This study investigates a novel approach to enhance reverse thrust using dual-row radial fans with adjustable pitch angles. These fan blades exhibit geometry variations, combining features from both turbofan motor fan blades and turbo- propeller motor blades. The results are promising: this configuration nearly triples the thrust force, producing approximately 292.917 kilo-newtons. Moreover, it enables the generation of reverse thrust equivalent to 25.077 kilo- newtons. These enhancements are achieved while reducing blade rotational speed from 5200 revolutions per minute to 3200 revolutions per minute and inlet airspeed from 660 km/h (at maximum power) to 220 km/h. Additionally, a notable 11% reduction in noise level at the blade tips has been observed. This research sheds light on the potential of innovative fan blade designs to revolutionize reverse thrust capabilities in turbofan engines, contributing to safer and more efficient aircraft landings.

Maturity of knowledge inputs and the breakthrough of key core technology

Maturity of knowledge inputs and the breakthrough of key core technology

Increased artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. by co-overexpression of six key biosynthetic enzymes

Malaria remains a global health issue, especially in resource-limited regions. Artemisinin, a key antimalarial compound from Artemisia annua, is crucial for treatment, but low natural yields hinder large-scale production. In this study, we employed advanced transgenic technology to co-overexpress six key biosynthetic enzymes—Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase (IDI), Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (FPS), Amorpha 4,11-diene Synthase (ADS), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (AACPR) and artemisinic aldehyde D11 reductase (DBR2)—in A. annua to significantly enhance artemisinin production. Our innovative approach utilized a co-expression strategy to optimize the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, leading to a remarkable up to 200 % increase in artemisinin content in T1 transgenic plants compared to non-transgenic controls. The stability and efficacy of this transformation were confirmed in subsequent generations (T2), achieving a potential 232 % increase in artemisinin levels. Additionally, we optimized transgene expression to maintain plant growth and development, and performed untargeted metabolite analysis using GC–MS, which revealed significant changes in metabolite composition among T2 lines, indicating effective diversion of farnesyl diphosphate into the artemisinin pathway. This metabolic engineering breakthrough offers a promising and scalable solution for enhancing artemisinin production, representing a major advancement in the field of plant biotechnology and a potential strategy for more cost-effective malaria treatment.

Building Digital Twins for Cardiovascular Health: From Principles to Clinical Impact.

The past several decades have seen rapid advances in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and stroke, enabled by technological breakthroughs in imaging, genomics, and physiological monitoring, coupled with therapeutic interventions. We now face the challenge of how to (1) rapidly process large, complex multimodal and multiscale medical measurements; (2) map all available data streams to the trajectories of disease states over the patient's lifetime; and (3) apply this information for optimal clinical interventions and outcomes. Here we review new advances that may address these challenges using digital twin technology to fulfill the promise of personalized cardiovascular medical practice. Rooted in engineering mechanics and manufacturing, the digital twin is a virtual representation engineered to model and simulate its physical counterpart. Recent breakthroughs in scientific computation, artificial intelligence, and sensor technology have enabled rapid bidirectional interactions between the virtual-physical counterparts with measurements of the physical twin that inform and improve its virtual twin, which in turn provide updated virtual projections of disease trajectories and anticipated clinical outcomes. Verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification builds confidence and trust by clinicians and patients in the digital twin and establishes boundaries for the use of simulations in cardiovascular medicine. Mechanistic physiological models form the fundamental building blocks of the personalized digital twin that continuously forecast optimal management of cardiovascular health using individualized data streams. We present exemplars from the existing body of literature pertaining to mechanistic model development for cardiovascular dynamics and summarize existing technical challenges and opportunities pertaining to the foundation of a digital twin.

Preface

It is our honor to present the Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Mechanical, Aerospace Technology and Materials Application (MATMA 2024). MATMA 2024 is an event that brings together the world’s leading experts and scholars in the field of mechanical and aerospace technology, and is also an excellent platform for sharing the latest research results and discussing the application of cutting-edge technologies in related domains. The conference aims to discuss the latest progress and challenges in mechanical engineering, aerospace technology and materials applications, and to promote the innovation of related theories and technological breakthroughs. By building this international exchange platform, we expect to promote extensive cooperation among academics, strengthen the integration of industry, academia and research between universities and enterprises, jointly address the key issues of industry development, and promote the sustained and healthy development of relevant fields. MATMA 2024 brought together top scholars and researchers from all over the world, who shared their latest research results and practical experiences in mechanical engineering, aerospace technology and materials applications during this conference. It is worth mentioning that the conference specially invited Duc Truong Pham (Professor from University of Birmingham, UK and Member of the Royal Academy of Engineering), Eckart Meiburg (Professor from University of California Santa Barbara, US), Alam Md. Mahbub (Professor from Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China), Yufei Gao (Professor from Shandong University, China), Caixu Yue (Professor from Harbin University of Science and Technology, China), Taimoor Asim (Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK), etc., to give the keynote speeches. In-depth exchanges and discussions around aerodynamics and aeroelasticity, aerospace design, testing and performance, numerical control technology, noise vibration and harshness, combustion and emission control, advanced manufacturing technology, as well as deformation and fracture of materials, materials processing, high-performance materials, etc. were carried out during the conference. Through these communications, we have jointly explored the current and future development direction of mechanical engineering, aerospace technology and materials applications, stimulated innovative thinking, and promoted academic exchanges and cooperation. This Proceedings of MATMA 2024 contains excellent academic papers submitted from all around the world, which not only cover the basic theories, structure design and analysis, and operation and evaluation systems of aerospace, but also discuss in depth the applications and innovations of mechanical technologies and high-performance materials. Each paper has been strictly reviewed and screened to ensure its academic value and practical application value. We would like to express our sincere thanks to all the participants for their enthusiastic participation and active contributions, to the organizers and committee members for their careful organization and thoughtful arrangements, and to all the experts and scholars who took the time out of their busy schedules to attend the conference and bring us wonderful speeches and profound insights. We believe that with the joint efforts of all of you, MATMA 2024 will become an important milestone in promoting the development of mechanical and aerospace technology and materials applications. The Committee of MATMA 2024 List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

DISTANCE LEARNING EXIT ECONOMIC MODEL

At the beginning of 2020, with the onset of the pandemic, the traditional learning environment for learners drastically changed globally. Since then, most students/teachers have started and practiced distance and virtual learning/teaching. Thus, a technological breakthrough in virtual learning has followed. In connection with this, many countries worldwide have commenced allocating additional financing and funds for educational institutions' technological improvement and development. The long-term stay in distance learning has revealed and highlighted new problems students face: their knowledge level has decreased, they lack socialization skills, and they face psychological and physical health problems. Due to this negative impact on students, a need to research and evaluate how much the EU countries allocated to solve the distance learning-caused problems and what programs or models they prepared has emerged and encouraged further studies. The research has found that many countries increased their allocations very minimally, e.g., 0.0.1%, but some increased their available budgets to 32%. Notably, most countries did not separate distance learning exit funding from distance learning preparation funding. Based on the problems the countries saw, only a few states identified withdrawal from distance learning as a problem. Considering this, we set ourselves the goal to evaluate exit models from distance learning and allocated funding amounts. To stabilize the impact of unforeseen events, such as epidemics, pandemics, military conflicts, etc., on learning processes, it is necessary to have sustainable solutions for managing learning processes in such situations. As revealed by the COVID-19 situation, the stability and continuity of the learning process remains very important even in emergencies. Stable and continuous learning can be ensured by practising sustainable distance learning, which must be based on sustainable tools. The results of this research are significant in terms of improving distance learning and providing qualitative and sustainable education. The current situation stimulates hybrid learning, which is increasingly becoming the foundation of sustainability in the education sector. Thus, to reverse the damage caused by distance learning and create a sustainable environment for blended learning, it is necessary to eliminate the negative effects of distance learning. This challenge will lead to the need for new sustainable blended learning programs. The following objectives were planned to achieve the goal: · to evaluate the global practice of exit from distance learning in the context of sustainability; · to determine the scope of funding for pandemic management; · to evaluate the amounts of funding allocated to manage pandemic-caused consequences and the GDP ratio. Research methods: mathematical-statistical analysis, empirical analysis, and analysis of scientific literature.

Bio-Conversion Of Plastic Waste Into Sustainable Biofuels: A Comprehensive Review Of Microbial Degradation Approaches

Plastic's pervasive presence in contemporary society has revolutionized industries and daily life but has concurrently birthed environmental concerns necessitating innovative and sustainable solutions. This review navigates recent strides in plastic-to-fuel conversion, with a particular focus on the transformative potential of microbial degradation. Beginning with a critical assessment of environmental challenges linked to conventional plastic disposal, this review meticulously dissects microbial degradation. Unveiling the intricate processes orchestrated by bacteria and fungi, it delves into the unique advantages this method offers, including reduced land dependency, cost efficiency, and minimal environmental impact, setting it apart from traditional approaches like pyrolysis and gasification. Navigating challenges inherent in plastic-to-fuel conversion, such as energy consumption and emissions, this review synthesizes the latest research, technological breakthroughs, and ongoing initiatives. It culminates in a comprehensive overview of microbial degradation's potential for sustainable plastic waste management and biofuel production. As a synthesis of cutting-edge knowledge, this review not onlyq1 informs current scientific discourse but also charts course for future research, policy, and industrial practices, steering towards a harmonious equilibrium between the benefits of plastic and environmental considerations. This work serves as a beacon for those dedicated to fostering a sustainable future through a nuanced understanding of plastic waste management, environmental sustainability, and the evolving landscape of biofuel production.

Development and evaluation of a novel force myography (FMG) based human-machine interface for transradial prosthetics: A comparative study with electromyography (EMG) techniques

Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) must bridge human skills with machine control, notably in active prosthesis. Electromyography (EMG) is the most popular prosthesis actuation method. However, researchers need new HMIs for active prosthesis development. This research introduces Forcemyography (FMG) based HMI using force- sensitive resistors (FSRs) to capture myoelectric data. A particularly constructed case with two integral parts—an internal and an exterior component—is FMG. This FMG enclosure adapts effortlessly to the user's limb and shape for best performance and comfort. FMG and sEMG were compared in the experimental evaluation. Stability, forecast accuracy, hair and sweat resistance, wearability, and cost-effectiveness were examined. FMG signals outperformed sEMG signals in this comprehensive examination. FMG outperformed sEMG in stability and prediction accuracy. FMG produced outstanding results right from capture without post-processing, a unique advantage. The specialised enclosure protected FSRs from outside interference and delivered precise signals. The Forcemyography (FMG)-based HMI is a breakthrough in active prosthesis technology. Its versatility, consistent signal acquisition, and user-centric design promise improved human-machine interactions. FMG leads the way to smooth, intuitive, and efficient humanmachine interface.

Surface plasmon-mediated photoluminescence boost in graphene-covered CsPbBr3 quantum dots

The optical properties of graphene (Gr)-covered CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) were investigated using micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing a remarkable three orders of magnitude enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity compared to bare CsPbBr3 QDs. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we combined experimental techniques with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT simulations showed that the graphene layer generates interfacial electrostatic potential barriers when in contact with the CsPbBr3 surface, impeding carrier leakage from perovskite to graphene and enhancing radiative recombination. Additionally, graphene passivates CsPbBr3 surface defect states, suppressing nonradiative recombination of photo-generated carriers. Our study also revealed that graphene becomes n-doped upon contact with CsPbBr3 QDs, activating its plasmon mode. This mode resonantly couples with photo-generated excitons in the perovskite. The momentum mismatch between graphene plasmons and free-space photons is resolved through plasmon scattering at Gr/CsPbBr3 interface corrugations, facilitating the observed super-bright emission. These findings highlight the critical role of graphene as a top contact in dramatically enhancing CsPbBr3 QDs’ PL. Our work advances the understanding of graphene-perovskite interfaces and opens new avenues for designing high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. The multifaceted enhancement mechanisms uncovered provide valuable insights for future research in nanophotonics and materials science, potentially leading to breakthroughs in light-emitting technologies.

Sustainable development and utilization of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction: A Chinese perspective.

Breakthroughs in marine science and technology have profoundly expanded our knowledge of the ocean, driving unprecedented levels of marine resource utilization. Consequently, the immense value of marine genetic resources (MGRs) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) has catapulted them to the forefront of international competition. In response to the existing gap in international legal frameworks governing the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in ABNJ, the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) was adopted on 19 June 2023. This study aimed to explore China's participation in this new frontier of global ocean governance, focusing on the opportunities and challenges it faces. By employing document analysis and policy analysis, the study delved into international legal frameworks such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the BBNJ Agreement, as well as China's domestic policies related to marine resource development. It systematically examined the relevant legal frameworks and their historical contexts. Additionally, comparative analysis was used to contrast the policy-making and development practices of developed and developing countries, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of China's role and challenges in the sustainable use of MGRs in ABNJ. It is concluded that while China has made remarkable progress in MGR research, it still lags behind traditional maritime powers in patent accumulation and the commercialization of MGRs. China also lacks comprehensive domestic legislation to address issues such as benefit-sharing and effective regulation of MGRs in ABNJ. Therefore, China must enhance its scientific research and innovation capabilities, actively participate in the follow-up work of the BBNJ Agreement, and promote global marine biodiversity conservation guided by the concept of a Maritime Community with a Shared Future.

Monitoring Spatio-Temporal of Vegetation Indices Using NDVI and EVI Algorithms on Google Earth Engine (GEE) in Tuntang Watershed Area, Indonesia

Abstract Climate change affects increase rate in flood fluctuations, drought, and deforestation in watershed areas. The condition of Tuntang watershed has decreased in carrying capacity due to several factors. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is one of the significant technological breakthroughs in remote sensing and GIS. The aims to analyze the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the Tuntang watershed using GEE and analyze spatio-temporal variations in vegetation density conditions. The method is processing NDVI and EVI algorithms for five years (2018-2022). This research to the full set of images acquired with the Sentinel-2A sensor between August 2018 and September 2022. The findings indicated that the highest forest area for five years with the NDVI method was in 2018, namely dense to very dense density of 716.92 Ha (54.78 %), while in the EVI method, the highest in 2020 was moderate to dense density of 504.58 Ha (38.55%). Based on the accuracy test, NDVI and EVI have the same accuracy overall of 83.33%, with a kappa index of 0.78 NDVI and 0.79 for EVI. Based on the correlation test, both methods have a correlation value of 0.799, indicating a strong and unidirectional relationship.

Creating Positive Customers Evaluation: The Impact of Efficient CRM Processes on Increasing Client Satisfaction

Commodity creation took precedence over endurance as the industrial revolution of the first half of the twentieth century led to the digitization of industrial techniques. Subsequently, the focus shifted to promotional elements that gave priority to consumer satisfaction. The technological advancements of the 20th century and globalization have brought humans to the highest levels of the asset organization, which has had a profound impact on employment. Ancient Hindu texts such as demonstrate the importance of human resources and demonstrate that structured management of human personnel dates back thousands of years. However, the first signs of the evolution of Hrd (human capital administration) approaches date back to the 1780 factory insurrection. During this time, technological breakthroughs necessitated improved work practices, productivity, and quality. The financial advantages of splitting of labor were discussed by Smith (1776) in his work “An Enquiry into the Causes and Nature of Wealth of Nations.” He suggested that specialization could increase the efficiency of labor. He perceived three benefits from a separation of labor: skill growth, time savings, and the ability to use specialized instruments. The creative endeavor of Owen (1825) demonstrates the significance of individuals in the operation of businesses. He maintained that one of the most effective expenditures managements can make is money invested in personnel development. Babbage (1832) investigated and developed the concept of specialization of labor in an even more thorough matching of individual expertise and abilities with particular tasks, based on his work, he came to that conclusion. As the work of Taylor (1911) tried to codify worker situations, procedures, methods, and tacit talents into concrete norms and formulae, a revolutionary shift occurred in the realm of interpersonal management practices. Research on the connection among productivity and the workplace was first undertaken by Mayo and his colleagues in 1927–1932. Barnard (1938) and other researchers followed up on these groundbreaking studies, which completely changed the realm of hiring and firing methods. The controversy about if effective human resources management is just jargon or a real concept is still up for debate, despite the fact that there has been a sizable body of literature on the subject. By analyzing the level of strategic HRM implementation and its effects on organizational performance in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, this report aimed to expand the scope of previous research. The stated goal of the multi-respondent survey, which included 21 manufacturing organizations in the nation of Nigeria, had been to find a fit among corporate success and strategic staffing practices. The data obtained was evaluated using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and correlational analysis. Results indicate that production enterprises in Nigeria employed moderate amounts of tactical HRM. Findings also show this path The main tactical human resources procedures that affect the effectiveness of organizations in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector are management devolution, creative hiring and hiring methods, ongoing workers education and training, based on shares compensation, performance appraisal, professional development, and active employee involvement in decisions and actions. It follows that businesses involved in production should focus more on these procedures in order to enhance their use throughout the sector.

Natural Compounds as Protease Inhibitors in Therapeutic Focus on Cancer Therapy.

Proteases are implicated in every hallmark of cancer and have complicated functions. For cancer cells to survive and thrive, the process of controlling intracellular proteins to keep the balance of the cell proteome is essential. Numerous natural compounds have been used as ligands/ small molecules to target various proteases that are found in the lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and extracellular matrix, as possible anticancer therapeutics. Promising protease modulators have been developed for new drug discovery technology through recent breakthroughs in structural and chemical biology. The protein structure, function of significant tumor-related proteases, and their natural compound inhibitors have been briefly included in this study. This review highlights the most current frontiers and future perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches associated with the list of anticancer natural compounds targeting protease and the mode and mechanism of proteinase-mediated molecular pathways in cancer.

Magnesium metal-organic framework microneedles loaded with curcumin for accelerating oral ulcer healing.

Oral ulcers are a common oral mucosal disease that seriously affect the quality of life. Traditional drug treatments have shown unsatisfactory efficacy and potential adverse reactions. In this study, curcumin-loaded multifunctional magnesium metal-organic framework-embedded hyaluronic acid-soluble microneedles patches were developed to optimize treatment strategies for oral ulcers. This microneedles patch achieves efficient release of curcumin and Mg2+ in the ulcer through precisely targeted delivery and controllable release mechanism, significantly regulates inflammation, promotes cell migration and angiogenesis, and accelerates the ulcer healing process. At the same time, the synergistic effect of curcumin and gallic acid effectively alleviated oxidative stress, while the backplate ε-poly-L-lysine and needle tip Mg2+ jointly constructed an antibacterial barrier to effectively inhibit pathogens. Verification using an oral ulcer rat model showed that the microneedles patch exhibited excellent therapeutic effects. This not only opens up a new avenue for clinical oral treatment but also marks a breakthrough in nanobiomaterials science and drug delivery technology and heralds a broad prospect in the field of oral ulcer treatment in the future.

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and It's Application in Vegetable Crop Improvement

Vegetable crop breeding has changed dramatically since the early 1980s due to technological breakthroughs, especially high-throughput sequencing and molecular marker technologies, which have made it possible to sequence many plant genomes, create dense genetic maps, and identify important genes and QTLs linked to traits like yield and disease resistance. ..These instruments have expedited genetic research and breeding programs in crops including tomato, pepper, eggplant, and cucumber, establishing marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a crucial component of contemporary breeding. The use of these technologies has improved crop characteristics significantly and is still influencing the development of vegetable crops in the future. .. For instance, in the majority of private and public tomato breeding projects, major-gene disease resistance traits like verticillium wilt and anthracnose are selected for using PCR-based markers such as SCAR and CAPS.Bs5 and Bs6 have broad-spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas spp. against chilli leaf spot thanks to marker-assisted gene pyramiding. Major QTLs associated to SSR marker CAMS451 on chromosome 1 (from Capsicum accession LS2341) and marker ID10-194305124 on chromosome 10 (from C. annuum BVRC1) have been mapped for resistance to Ralstonia bacterial wilt.Constantly searching crop germplasm for new resistance genes or alleles is essential to diversify the gene pool and stop resistance from breaking down. By using marker-assisted selection (MAS), it is possible to combine genes for resistance to different pathogens or several sources of resistance to the same pathogen to create novel cultivars.

Pathways for decarbonizing China's iron and steel industry using cost-effective mitigation technologies: An integrated analysis with top-down and bottom-up models

The iron and steel industry (ISI), the second largest carbon emitter, produces 16 % of China's CO2 emissions, and its decarbonization will therefore play an important role in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. This study identifies underlying low-carbon transition pathways of the ISI towards 2050, through investigating macro-level mitigation policies and technological advances. An integrated assessment model that integrates a top-down CGE method and a bottom-up objective planning method was constructed. The results show that the combination of mitigation policies and technological measures would substantially reduce CO2 emissions in the ISI, with the remaining 140 Mt to 520 Mt by 2050. Carbon mitigation in ISI in the short term mainly benefits from the technology retrofitting, the reduction of steel demand, which accounts for 17.8 % and 32.1 %, respectively. Breakthrough technologies of scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF), hydrogen-based direct reduction (HDR-EAF) and carbon capture and storge (CCS), would play a fundamental role in reducing the CO2 emissions especially after 2030, contributing to 32.1 %, 16.0 % and 13.8 % of emission reduction, respectively. Of the 41-technologies assessed, 8-key technologies jointly mitigate over 55 % of CO2 emissions. The cost-effectiveness and mitigation potential of technologies would provide reference to policymaker for the mitigation in China's ISI.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE RAILWAY TRACK OF UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR IMPROVEMENT

The goal. The process of improving the design of the railway track requires a detailed study of the history of the development of its structural elements, methods of combination, interconnections and limits of mutual influence. Modern track designs are the result of many years of hard work by scientists and long operational tests. Some designs were inventions at the time, some were breakthrough technologies, some remained just ideas, and some have existed for more than a century. The study of the history of the development of railway track structures and modern existing structures in operation made it possible to identify a promising direction for improvement and further development, taking into account the existing problems on the mainline transport tracks and industrial enterprise tracks. Reinforced concrete sleepers and intermediate fasteners that allow for track gauge adjustment are the railroad track structure that should be improved in the coming years. Improving railroad track design is a continuous process in the development of rail transport. Recently, new track designs have been introduced on Ukrainian railways. As a rule, the problems of track facilities are first considered and technical tasks are formulated. Then, a public discussion is held in the scientific and practical environment and an appropriate development strategy is born. Such a strategy is reviewed and approved at scientific and technical meetings and specialized commissions. This article aims to identify promising areas for improving the track design and solving the problems of installing and operating a continuous track by analyzing existing designs and world experience of railways. Methods. Methods of scientific analysis and synthesis of track development design, methods of analytical geometry. Results. Based on the analysis of the history of the development of the railroad track structure and modern designs, a promising direction of improvement is proposed. A promising railroad track structure is defined as a reinforced concrete sleeper and fasteners capable of forming an adjustable track gauge of up to 1545 mm. At the same time, it is necessary that the new design has sufficient stability of the jointless track plates. Practical significance. The application of the proposed structure within small radius curves, provided that the results of trial operation and testing of the established procedure are positive, will reduce the operating costs associated with the current maintenance of the tracks, expand the scope of laying of the jointless track and use reinforced concrete sleepers in small radius curves at industrial enterprises.

Improved modelling of breast cancer cells using machine learning heuristic algorithms

ABSTRACT Computational and machine learning frameworks have greatly contributed to early diagnosis and rapid therapeutic interventions due to breakthroughs in science and technology. This study aims to develop a mathematical model that utilizes machine learning and integrates both innate and adaptive immunological components to examine the progression of breast cancer. The proposed framework utilizes a set of ordinary differential equations to represent the interactions between breast cancer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T-helper cells, and macrophages. We used machine learning optimization techniques to enhance the computational framework, enabling accurate modeling of the dynamic alterations occurring in the tumor microenvironment. This approach also considers the different properties and responses of immune cells. Our validated results, obtained using metaheuristic algorithms and sensitivity analysis, provide significant insights into the correlation between the advancement of breast cancer and the innate and adaptive immune systems. This study supports the theory that advanced programming tools may enhance healthcare systems by offering reliable techniques for understanding and possibly controlling the progression of cancer via the manipulation of the immune system.

A Comprehensive Review of Group-III Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes: From Millimeter to Micro-Nanometer Scales.

This review describes the development history of group-III nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 30 years, which has achieved brilliant achievements and changed people's lifestyles. The development process of group-III nitride LEDs is the sum of challenges and solutions constantly encountered with shrinking size. Therefore, this paper uses these challenges and solutions as clues for review. It begins with reviewing the development of group-III nitride materials and substrates. On this basis, some key technological breakthroughs in the development of group-III nitride LEDs are reviewed, mainly including substrate pretreatment and p-type doping in material growth, the proposal of new device structures such as nano-LED and quantum dot (QD) LED, and the improvement in luminous efficiency, from the initial challenge of high-efficiency blue luminescence to current challenge of high-efficiency ultraviolet (UV) and red luminescence. Then, the development of micro-LEDs based on group-III nitride LEDs is reviewed in detail. As a new type of display device, micro-LED has drawn a great deal of attention and has become a research hotspot in the current international display area. Finally, based on micro-LEDs, the development trend of nano-LEDs is proposed, which is greener and energy-saving and is expected to become a new star in the future display field.

Transitioning from gridlock to sustainability: advancing transport strategies for eco-friendly solutions in high-income countries.

The study aims to comprehend sustainable behaviors in high-income nations, where human-environment interactions are crucial. Increased transportation needs in industrialized countries highlight the importance of environmental challenges affecting human well-being. Railway passenger carrier, automobile energy efficiency, technology breakthroughs, financial incentives, and public-private partnerships (PPPs) affect congestion and sustainability, which the study analyses for sound policy inferences in a panel of 28 high-income nations from 2000 to 2022. The panel ARDL estimates reveal that railway passenger carrier increases carbon emissions in the short run while it improves them over time, highlighting the importance of urban planning. Environmental pollution, energy use, transportation behavior (including PPPs), and technical innovation have an inverse connection, demonstrating the efficacy of energy-efficient transport methods, research and development, and renewable energy sources. However, economic incentives highly correspond with carbon-intensive habits, emphasizing the need for high-income countries to phase them out.