Paradigm Breaks Research Articles

A Paradigm Break in the Artistic Thinking of Ukrainian During Wartime

A Paradigm Break in the Artistic Thinking of Ukrainian During Wartime

Re-signifying HIV through exercise: from death sentence stigma to healthy self-perception

ABSTRACT Despite HIV being considered a chronic disease and the benefits that exercise interventions can bring to HIV-infected patients, the application of physical activity is currently low. Some qualitative studies have been conducted; however, it is currently little known about the meaning of the experience of exercising in people with HIV. This hermeneutic research used 21 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with patients with this condition. The analysis was based on a grounded Theory methodology, which is theoretically supported by symbolic interactionism. It was possible to advance in re-signifying HIV from a social stigma context. This process, through exercise and social, family and medical support, comes from the breaking of individual and collective perception paradigms. Particularly, exercise changes the perspective from a HIV-infected person on the verge of death to a healthy, active and functional individual with personal goals. Thus, by contributing to functionality and health recovery, exercise re-signifies life. Moreover, commitment to physical activity goals is influenced by inner tensions that can hinder or encourage this habit and demand further research. HIV infection shifts from being a death sentence to a healthy self-perception beyond the diagnosis.

LONG TERM CLASSICAL METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF XANTHAN GUM-PRODUCING - Xanthomonas arboricola pathovar pruni STRAINS

The maintenance of viable and stable Xanthomonas cells is crucial for the xanthan reliable research and industrial production. The method, storage and recovery conditions should preserve both viability and phenotypical and genotypical features. Here, the effectiveness classical methods on the long-term preservation of different Xanthomonas arboricola pathovar pruni strains was to determine. Strains were preserved by monthly sub-culturing in solid medium and lyophilization. After 12 years the viability of the strains, was assessed, as well as their productive capacity and the viscosity of the xanthan gum produced by these strains kept by lyophilization and sub-culturing. Among the lyophilized strains, only those stored at -18 °C were viable after 12 years. The productive capacity of the strains were poorly affected by lyophilization, the passage of the cultures into a solid nutrition medium being sufficient for them to return to their normal metabolism. The viscosity of the synthesized xanthan gum was method-dependent and higher for the lyophilized strains. The work and its findings are new and original because a work on this topic has never been published before. The results obtained allow the breaking of paradigms regarding the preservation of Xanthomonas.

Chemical design of electronic and magnetic energy scales of tetravalent praseodymium materials

Lanthanides in the trivalent oxidation state are typically described using an ionic picture that leads to localized magnetic moments. The hierarchical energy scales associated with trivalent lanthanides produce desirable properties for e.g., molecular magnetism, quantum materials, and quantum transduction. Here, we show that this traditional ionic paradigm breaks down for praseodymium in the tetravalent oxidation state. Synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical tools deployed on several solid-state Pr4+-oxides uncover the unusual participation of 4f orbitals in bonding and the anomalous hybridization of the 4f1 configuration with ligand valence electrons, analogous to transition metals. The competition between crystal-field and spin-orbit-coupling interactions fundamentally transforms the spin-orbital magnetism of Pr4+, which departs from the Jeff = 1/2 limit and resembles that of high-valent actinides. Our results show that Pr4+ ions are in a class on their own, where the hierarchy of single-ion energy scales can be tailored to explore new correlated phenomena in quantum materials.

Principles, mechanisms, and biological implications of translation termination-reinitiation.

The gene expression pathway from DNA sequence to functional protein is not as straightforward as simple depictions of the central dogma might suggest. Each step is highly regulated, with complex and only partially understood molecular mechanisms at play. Translation is one step where the "one gene-one protein" paradigm breaks down, as often a single mature eukaryotic mRNA leads to more than one protein product. One way this occurs is through translation reinitiation, in which a ribosome starts making protein from one initiation site, translates until it terminates at a stop codon, but then escapes normal recycling steps and subsequently reinitiates at a different downstream site. This process is now recognized as both important and widespread, but we are only beginning to understand the interplay of factors involved in termination, recycling, and initiation that cause reinitiation events. There appear to be several ways to subvert recycling to achieve productive reinitiation, different types of stresses or signals that trigger this process, and the mechanism may depend in part on where the event occurs in the body of an mRNA. This perspective reviews the unique characteristics and mechanisms of reinitiation events, highlights the similarities and differences between three major scenarios of reinitiation, and raises outstanding questions that are promising avenues for future research.

Stochastic assembly of biomacromolecular complexes: impact and implications on charge interpretation in native mass spectrometry.

Native mass spectrometry is a potent method for characterizing biomacromolecular assemblies. A critical aspect to extracting accurate mass information is the correct inference of the ion ensemble charge states. While a variety of experimental strategies and algorithms have been developed to facilitate this, virtually all approaches rely on the implicit assumption that any peaks in a native mass spectrum can be directly attributed to an underlying charge state distribution. Here, we demonstrate that this paradigm breaks down for several types of macromolecular protein complexes due to the intrinsic heterogeneity induced by the stochastic nature of their assembly. Utilizing several protein assemblies of adeno-associated virus capsids and ferritin, we demonstrate that these particles can produce a variety of unexpected spectral appearances, some of which appear superficially similar to a resolved charge state distribution. When interpreted using conventional charge inference strategies, these distorted spectra can lead to substantial errors in the calculated mass (up to ∼5%). We provide a novel analytical framework to interpret and extract mass information from these spectra by combining high-resolution native mass spectrometry, single particle Orbitrap-based charge detection mass spectrometry, and sophisticated spectral simulations based on a stochastic assembly model. We uncover that these mass spectra are extremely sensitive to not only mass heterogeneity within the subunits, but also to the magnitude and width of their charge state distributions. As we postulate that many protein complexes assemble stochastically, this framework provides a generalizable solution, further extending the usability of native mass spectrometry in the characterization of biomacromolecular assemblies.

Anatomic and radiological study of the uncinate process: A paradigm break

Anatomic and radiological study of the uncinate process: A paradigm break

Multimode polariton effects on molecular energy transport and spectral fluctuations

Despite the potential paradigm breaking capability of microcavities to control chemical processes, the extent to which photonic devices change properties of molecular materials is still unclear, in part due to challenges in modeling hybrid light-matter excitations delocalized over many length scales. We overcome these challenges for a photonic wire under strong coupling with a molecular ensemble. Our simulations provide a detailed picture of the effect of photonic wires on spectral and transport properties of a disordered molecular material. We find stronger changes to the probed molecular observables when the cavity is redshifted relative to the molecules and energetic disorder is weak. These trends are expected to hold also in higher-dimensional cavities, but are not captured with theories that only include a single cavity-mode. Therefore, our results raise important issues for future experiments and model building focused on unraveling new ways to manipulate chemistry with optical cavities.

Physical tests based on combat tasks: a systematic review

Aim: Military personnel needs to develop and maintain the ability to perform specific mechanical actions, under the risk of not fulfilling their assignments and failing in their missions. Considering the importance of being able to evaluate whether the military is ready for their jobs, studies have been conducted to establish assessments based on the requirements of the tasks performed in combat, referred to as Combat Tasks (CTs), giving rise to Simulated Tasks (STs). This study aimed to understand how physical STs have been used among military personnel worldwide. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify literature published between 2001 and 2021 that investigated STs. The search criteria for articles (keywords, inclusion, and exclusion) were applied to five databases - PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science - and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. Results: The searches resulted in 2630 documents, in addition to two studies that came from other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1216 studies were screened by title and abstract, resulting in 71 documents, which were read in full. In the end, 17 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis. Conclusion: From the data obtained, the results highlighted that six countries with well-structured Armed Forces have been investing in research to develop physical assessments based on CTs, showing a paradigm break regarding conventional physical tests, which ultimately prove to be adequate to measure general fitness levels and issues related to health, but are not sufficient to ensure readiness for the performance of specific military activities.

Law and Order Guarantee Operations in the Legal Amazon: fight against environmental illicit

The adoption of Law and Order Guarantee Operations (GLO) by the Federal Government in the Legal Amazon represents a paradigm break, since these operations, in a way, are recurrent in other regions of the national territory. Common to be adopted in cases of public security crisis, this mechanism provided for in the Federal Constitution was adopted to guarantee the protection of the environment in 2019 and 2020/2021. The work, based on bibliographic research and websites, aims to analyze sources and data about Operations Verde Brasil 1 and 2, called by the author as “GLO Ambiental” and found that both were fundamental to reduce and inhibit environmental illicit, as well as, promoted the strengthening of the actions of partner institutions Operations of Cooperation and Coordination with Agencies (OCCA).

The paradigm of the female pastorate in the evangelical church today

Currently, there are churches that choose to limit the contribution of women in the exercise of their ministry in some ecclesiastical sectors, or even to silence her. Therefore, this research is based on the following question: how does the analysis of the role of women in the biblical context help in accepting the legitimacy of the female pastorate in the evangelical church today? Thus, the objective of this study is to provide a new horizon in the understanding of the theme of female ecclesiastical leadership, in order to contribute to the solvement of this problem and to the breaking of paradigms, in the light of the Holy Bible, describing the main difficulties faced by women in the ministerial exercise, while seeking to understand the thought derived from aspects of the social context, political, historical, economic and religious from the time when the biblical texts were written. For this purpose, bibliographic research and the qualitative approach were used as a descriptive methodological presupposition, because it was necessary to present elements and facts extracted from history regarding these aspects, since the combination of all made it possible to translate the way men and women of that time behaved, thought and felt. It is also understood that this thought permeated the tradition of the Church over the centuries, however, it is emphasized that the cultural tradition of the time does not have the same sociocultural elements of today. In this sense, information is gathered about the difficulties faced by women in the social and religious field, the female function in Judaism, their participation in Christianity, since the way Jesus treated them; to their participation in the Early Church, in addition to offering space for analysis of biblical texts that shed light on the biblical view of female ministries, an account of the history of Deborah, a pastor in practice, although she does not bear the title, as well as, addresses on pastoral ministry as a gift given by God. It is concluded that today it is called for more fearless, courageous, faithful to God, godly, obedient, loyal women, pastors of souls, such as Deborah, Miriam, Huldah, among others. After all, for men and women there is one God, one mission (his), one vision and one target, Jesus.

Super-resolution performance studies for orbital-angular-momentum-based imaging radar

ABSTRACT Vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), whose unique wavefront distribution exhibits angular diversity characteristics, which provides a richer degree of freedom for information modulation. Although several works have reported that the EM vortex imaging has superior performance in target detection and imaging with azimuthal super-resolution, the underlying physical mechanism needs to be further developed. This article offers a solution to significantly refine the imaging resolution for conventional real-aperture imaging radar (CRAIR) using multiple OAM-carrying beams. Firstly, it is deduced that the various spatial frequency distributions and time-varying phase wavefront distributions of OAM beams promote the realization of OAM-based imaging radar (OAMIR) super-resolution imaging. Secondly, a scheme for adjusting the directivity of EM vortex beam is proposed, which can effectively acquire most spatial frequency components of the probed target, resulting in the target can be illuminated simultaneously by the main lobes of various beams carrying different topological charges. Thirdly, the point-spread function (PSF) comparison for CRAIR and OAMIR is carried out by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the spatial azimuth resolution for OAMIR is derived. Finally, the signal mathematical model for OAMIR is established and analysed. Simulation results validate that the proposed OAM-based imaging paradigm breaks through the Rayleigh limit associated with conventional real-aperture imaging technology and achieves imaging performance superior to OAMIR in previous works.

When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub‐Nano Clusters

Size selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. We show here that when the supported clusters are sub-nanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO 2 (110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub-nano clusters thermally populate many low-energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size-selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. The acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. Lastly, we propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level, describes the found size-specific sintering behavior.

When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub‐Nano Clusters

AbstractSize selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. When the supported clusters are subnanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO2(110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub‐nano clusters thermally populate many low‐energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size‐selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. Acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. We propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level describes the found size‐specific sintering behavior.

Direitos constitucionais e povos indígenas: apontamentos sobre a disputa pela efetivação do direito fundamental às suas terras tradicionais

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os direitos fundamentais dos povos indígenas conquistados com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, seguindo a ordem internacional de proteção de Direitos Humanos e o rompimento de paradigmas inaugurados pela Convenção 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). Com efeito, as efetivações dos direitos indígenas perpassam várias nuances, não sendo possível aqui abordá-las por completo. Assim, este trabalho se restringirá a analisar as disputas políticas que envolvem a organização do Estado brasileiro, protagonizadas por interesses de setores anti-indígenas, conforme consta no relatório do Conselho Indigenista Missionário (Cimi) de 2018, que visam, especificamente, em relação aos arts. 231 e 232 da Constituição Federal de 1988, à extinção e/ou modificação de direitos no texto constitucional. Trata-se de pesquisa com enfoque sociojurídico, com método indutivo, com base na análise de dados, pesquisa bibliográfica, sítios da rede mundial de computadores, relatórios de organizações e produções científicas.

Professores, tecnologias educativas e COVID-19: realidades e desafios em Angola

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education system worldwide, causing the general closure of schools. The socialization of teachers with technological tools and the use of digital platforms were adopted as strategies for the continuity of educational action in many realities. For the Angolan case, strategies were adopted, such as tele-classes and family counseling for the development of educational activities in the home context. The present study aimed to investigate the level of socialization of teachers with educational technologies and learning process in a context of physical isolation imposed by COVID-19. Methodologically, it was a study based on the quantitative paradigm, using documentary and bibliographic analysis, and the data were collected through a questionnaire survey, answered by a sample of 69 teachers from eight provinces. The main results demonstrate that in reality the scarcity of technological resources and the lack of digital skills required by teachers work as a barrier to a desirable level of socialization with educational technologies. For this reason, the reinforcement of teachers skills with regard to the use of educational technologies, the inclusion of digital resources in schools and the breaking of conventional paradigms are pointed out as major present and futures challenges of the education and teaching system in Angola, in order to contribute to the evolution and revolution of schools.

The changing discourse of intercultural ethics: a diachronic meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Contemporary epistemological debates on how to research interculturality frequently draw on either side of a schism between positivist and essentialist approaches vs. critical and poststructuralist paradigms. The debate lives from its retrospective either-or character dividing the history of research on interculturality into a first epoch of epistemological naiveté and a more recent age of ethical consideration and reflection. This dichotomy however is too simplistic, and it blurs our views from perceiving a more complex present and past reality. This study assumes that research on interculturality has always built on normative orientations from social discourse and that this discourse has been under permanent change. Accordingly, it assumes that there has not been a paradigm shift or break in research but that this shift has only been used as a hegemonic instrument in inner-disciplinary discourses. This study re-traces this changing discourse of intercultural ethics using a grounded theory approach to central literature from the field. Since the 1960s, four epochs of different normative orientations have been identified from pragmatism via modesty and then a new hope up to a most recent epoch of new explorations. This results in a more complex picture of the normative discourse on interculturality beyond the positivism-poststructuralism debate.

HORMESE, ENVELHECIMENTO E TOXICIDADE: ESTADO DA ARTE

O envelhecimento é um processo natural e progressivo, o qual acomete aspectos do individuo de forma holística. Um organismo envelhecido, em condições normais, poderá sobreviver adequadamente, porém, quando submetido a situações de stress toxicológico, físico, emocional, entre outros, pode apresentar dificuldades em manter a sua homeostase e levando o mesmo a desencadear o mecanismo de hormese. A Hormese deriva do grego “hormaein” que significa “excitar”. Em sua primeira definição foi descrita como um comportamento bifásico, ou seja, uma habilidade biológica que pode ser modificada por baixas doses de um xenobiótico, mas inibida por doses elevadas do mesmo, ela foi proposta como uma explicação para alterações na homeostase. Uma das teorias mais bem aceitas relacionadas ao envelhecimento é a teoria dos radicais livres. Além dos radicais livres outros xenobióticos podem estar intrinsecamente correlacionados a senescência de células nervosas, como drogas de abuso, medicamentos de uso continuo, toxinas e fármacos, entre outros. Este artigo vislumbra apresentar de forma cientifica uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, trazendo os temas hormese, envelhecimento e toxicologia correlacionados as áreas da saúde, toxicologia e regulação, mostrando o equivoco de fundamental na natureza quando são avaliadas respostas apenas observando a tríade dose x resposta x exposição. Durante as primeiras décadas do século XX este erro foi o resultado de múltiplos fatores, incluindo o conflito entre homeopatia e medicina tradicional, além disso, as avaliações das respostas da dose hormética são de difícil interpretação, exigindo mais atenção e abstração quanto comparado aos modelos lineares, tradicionalmente aceitos pela maioria da comunidade cientifica. O conceito hormese ajuda os pesquisadores a abordar melhor forma de respostas a baixa dose, mostrando que existe capacidade de adaptação dos organismos e podendo abrir um novo olhar sobre o início doenças degenerativas crônicas e gerando quebra de paradigmas no que tange essa ótica.
 Palavras chave: Envelhecimento. Hormese. Toxicidade. 

ℓ1-Analysis minimization and generalized (co-)sparsity: When does recovery succeed?

This paper investigates the problem of signal estimation from undersampled noisy sub-Gaussian measurements under the assumption of a cosparse model. Based on generalized notions of sparsity, we derive novel recovery guarantees for the $\ell^1$-analysis basis pursuit, enabling accurate predictions of its sample complexity. The corresponding bounds on the number of required measurements do explicitly depend on the Gram matrix of the analysis operator and therefore particularly account for its mutual coherence structure. Our findings defy conventional wisdom which promotes the sparsity of analysis coefficients as the crucial quantity to study. In fact, this common paradigm breaks down completely in many situations of practical interest, for instance, when applying a redundant (multilevel) frame as analysis prior. By extensive numerical experiments, we demonstrate that, in contrast, our theoretical sampling-rate bounds reliably capture the recovery capability of various examples, such as redundant wavelets systems, total variation, or random frames. The proofs of our main results build upon recent achievements in the convex geometry of data mining problems. More precisely, we establish a sophisticated upper bound on the conic Gaussian mean width that is associated with the underlying $\ell^1$-analysis polytope. Due to a novel localization argument, it turns out that the presented framework naturally extends to stable recovery, allowing us to incorporate compressible coefficient sequences as well.

El cauce mítico dionisiaco presente en los festivales de música electrónica

El ser humano vive y comprende a través de narrativas, el mito es una de ellas ya que funge un papel fundamental en la estructura de nuestro conocimiento. Los mitos prevalecen hasta nuestros días y adquieren nuevos sentidos acorde a la época sociohistórica. A este fenómeno, el antropólogo francés Gilbert Durand lo denomina como cauce mítico.
 Uno de estos cauces es el de Dioniso, quien simboliza el vino, la abundancia, el paroxismo salvaje. Desde la década de los 60 con la contracultura y la ruptura de paradigmas, la sociedad se ha volcado en una vorágine de apertura a los tabúes, desencantamiento ante el progreso y cuestionamiento crítico de lo hegemónico. Una de la expresiones artísticas derivadas de esta corriente han sido los festivales de música, los cuales han permitido unir a diferentes generaciones en un espacio común.
 Entre estos eventos, destacan los del género electrónico, tales como Tomorrowland, Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC) y Burning Man que -sin ser su principal objetivo- han perpetuado el cauce mítico dionisiaco al fomentar una atmósfera festiva, extática y de espíritu colectivista, siendo tal afirmación la hipótesis a develar a través de los postulados hermenéuticos de G. Durand, M. Beuchot y Rollo May