Breakfast Consumption Research Articles

THE PREVALENCE OF SKIPPING BREAKFAST AMONG STUDENTS II AT AL-WAHA SCHOOL, ADEN, YEMEN

Background: Breakfast is widely recognized as a critical meal of the day. However, some students, particularly females, often skip breakfast, believing it may contribute to weight gain. In contrast, other studies report differing findings regarding this behavior. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of breakfast omission among adolescents. Method: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a sample of 50 adolescents, assessing their attitudes toward consuming three meals daily, with a particular focus on breakfast. Statistical analyses were applied to examine the implications of breakfast skipping among adolescents. Results: The majority of participants were male (62.0%), with an even distribution across grades seven (40.0%), eight (30.0%), and nine (30.0%). A significantly higher proportion of boys (74.19%) reported never skipping breakfast compared to girls (47.37%). Conversely, a larger percentage of girls (36.84%) indicated that they sometimes skip breakfast, in contrast to boys (19.35%). Conclusion: The findings indicate a notable interest in breakfast consumption; however, many students skip it due to time constraints or lack of hunger in the morning. The survey results suggest that a significant number of students, especially females, do not regularly consume breakfast, potentially leading to adverse health effects, including weight loss and impaired concentration

The Estimation of Copper Serum Level Among Obese Children

Background: Obesity means an excess amount of body fat. No general agreement exists on the definition of obesity in children as it does adults. Most professionals use published guidelines based on the body mass index (BMI), or a modified BMI for age, to measure obesity in children. Others define obesity in children as body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height, or a body fat percentage above 25% in boys or above 32% in girls Objective: to estimate the serum level of copper among obese children. Methods: This comparative study was conducted on fifty of overweight and/or obese children (based on BMI) and thirty of clinically healthy, age and sex matched children's served as controls also, the cases and controls were selected randomly from the pediatrics outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital and Sheben El Kom Educational hospital, in the period between 2013 to 2015. Parental consent was obtained for all children included in the study. Results: In the current study there were no significant difference found between patients and control group regarding age, sex and residence, but there was significant difference between the two groups regarding income and socioeconomic state. P=0.04. Also, there were no static difference in height in patient when compared to control group, and patients had a higher statically significant Weight, BMI and Skin fold thickness when compared to control group. Additionally, that there were significantly higher rate of frequent bad nutritional habits including shipping breakfast (p=0.022) consumption of energy- dense food and food consumption during TV watch in patients than controls. P< 0.001 and the children's physical activity levels were lower in the patient’s group than the control group. P<0.001. Conclusion: The obesity varied remarkably with different socioeconomic levels. Obese children had a characteristic nutritional pattern like skipping breakfast and consumption of energy dense food

Development of Nutrient Rich Morning Meals for Students by Concept of Tapas

A correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement has been established by many studies, but students′ eating habits often do not meet nutritional recommendations. Breakfast consumption has a positive effect on cognitively demanding tasks and results in better attention and memory. The goal of this work was to develop well-balanced, nutritionally rich morning meals for students based on the concept of tapas, a combination of several different small meals composed of different ingredients. An introductory survey about students’ morning eating habits was conducted among students of the Faculty of Tourism and Rural Development in Požega, Croatia. Forty-six full-time students (9.50% of total number of students at the faculty) participated in the survey. Sixteen types of tapas were prepared combining ingredients which students rated as desirable (cheese, prosciutto, peppers, milk spread) and undesirable (blue fish, dry fruit, cauliflower, chickpeas) in the initial survey. Tapas (one tapa = one sample) were scored by a sensory panel of 16 students, and nutritional value of the samples was assessed by web application Program Prehrane® (The Nutrition Program). All samples except two were scored as desirable by more than 60% of students, meaning that even ingredients which have been initially scored as undesirable, can be incorporated into desirable meal when properly combined. Based on the analysis of energy and nutritional value of samples, students should combine 3 to 5 different tapas to fulfill their energy needs for breakfast or 1 to 2 different tapas for a morning snack. Developed tapas can provide a perfectly balanced meal rich in different micronutrients because they include ingredients which students normally do not include in their breakfast. Especially important ingredients were blue fish rich in unsaturated acids and selenium, nuts rich in selenium and vitamin E, and red peppers rich in vitamin C and carotenoids. Tapas containing cheese and prosciutto, students’ favorite ingredients, had the highest level of sodium and fats, but not above recommended values when combined with other tapas.

Correlation The Level of Nutritional Knowledge, Breakfast Consumption Patterns With Nutritional Status of Age Students 10-12 MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri

Children aged 10–12 years need significant energy due to their rapid growth and active lifestyles. Their nutritional status is influenced by nutritional knowledge and breakfast habits. To examine the relationship between nutritional knowledge, breakfast habits, and nutritional status of students aged 10–12 years at MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri. A cross-sectional study with 40 students using questionnaires for nutritional knowledge, SQ-FFQ interviews to evaluate breakfast habits, and BMI for age index to determine nutritional status. Spearman correlation tests were used for analysis. The study found that 62.5% had low nutritional knowledge, 60% had infrequent breakfast habits, and 65% were malnourished. There is a significant relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge and nutritional status (p=0.000, r=0.688) and between the habit of rarely eating breakfast and poor nutritional status (p=0.000, r=0.812). There is a significant relationship between nutritional knowledge, breakfast habits, and nutritional status of students aged 10–12 years at MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri. Students should have daily breakfast to meet nutritional needs and improve nutritional status.

Skipping Breakfast and Academic Grades, Persistent Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness, and School Connectedness Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

Breakfast consumption is positively associated with academic achievement and diet quality among students, whereas skipping breakfast has been linked with poor mental health. Data from CDC's 2023 nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to describe how often high school students ate breakfast in the past 7 days and the associations between skipping breakfast every day (ate breakfast on 0 of the past 7 days), experiencing persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, school connectedness, and self-reported grades. Prevalence estimates and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated, and t-tests were used to identify differences within demographic groups (e.g., sex, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate prevalence ratios describing breakfast skipping, adjusting for demographics, and stratified by sex and race and ethnicity. Most students missed breakfast ≥1 time in the past 7 days (72.6%), and 17.9% of students skipped breakfast every day, with differences by sex, sexual identity, and race and ethnicity. Overall, and among both males and females, students who experienced persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness were more likely to skip breakfast every day. The association between feelings of sadness and hopelessness and skipping breakfast was generally consistent across racial and ethnic groups. In contrast, greater levels of school connectedness and earning mostly As or Bs were inversely associated with skipping breakfast. Students who had higher school connectedness were approximately 30% less likely to skip breakfast on all 7 days. Skipping breakfast and poor mental health co-occur among many adolescents and might impede students' readiness to learn. School efforts to make breakfast accessible and appealing to high school students might yield multiple benefits and help reinforce school administrators' efforts to recover student learning losses that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents, school decision-makers, and organizations that partner with schools and families can use these findings to guide efforts to promote breakfast consumption.

Selected lifestyle factors as students transition from secondary school to university in Slovakia.

The study aimed to evaluate self-perceived changes in lifestyle factors, particularly physical activity (PA), following the transition from secondary school to university. A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between lifestyle variables and weekly PA frequency. Key factors assessed included sleep quality, dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and PA frequency. The study surveyed 1,665 first-year undergraduate students at Slovak public universities (mean age: 20.73 years, SD ±1.39) using adapted versions of Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVS-II) and the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI). Data collection took place between December 2022 and February 2023. Significant declines were observed in most lifestyle variables after students transitioned to university. The proportion of students engaging in irregular, or no PA increased from 37% before university to 46% during their studies (p < 0.01). Reports of tiredness upon waking also rose, from 52 to 64% (p < 0.01). Meal frequency decreased, particularly among males, with the percentage of students eating only 1-2 meals per day rising from 9 to 15% (p < 0.05). Conversely, the regularity of breakfast consumption increased, increasing from 65 to 73% (p < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in tobacco smoking habits. The findings highlight a notable reduction in PA and other lifestyle factors during the transition to university life. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to support healthy behaviors during this critical life phase.

Preliminary Evidence Supports that Long-Term Consumption of Higher-Protein Breakfast Promotes Higher Expression of Select miRNA Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents

BackgroundIncreased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown. ObjectivesThe objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with cardiometabolic health in “breakfast-skipping” adolescents. MethodsThirty adolescents (age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index: 25.4 ± 3 kg/m2) completed a 6-mo tightly controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350 kcal normal-protein (NP, 10 g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30 g protein) breakfasts or continued to BS for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6 mo (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), glucose, insulin, IL-6, and C-reactive protein. ResultsNo main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (P = 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, P = 0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared with BS (P = 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (R2 between 0.2 and 0.39; P < 0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups. ConclusionsThese data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease. Trial registration numberNCT03146442.

Diet and sleep quality in chilean university students.

To evaluate an association between eating patterns and sleep quality in Chilean university students. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. Participants included students from 4 Chilean universities. Each student was administered survey Questionnaire on the frequency of healthy and unhealthy eating habits and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and their weight and height were taken to obtain the Body Mass Index (BMI). A total of 1,079 young university students, 80.26 % were women and the average age was 21.7 years. The 73.68 % have inadequate sleep quality. There is a significant differences in frequency between sleep quality and the intake of breakfast (p<0.001), fish (p<0.05) and dinner (p<0.05), that is, university students who reported optimal sleep consume breakfast and dinner on a daily basis and their fish intake is in line with nutritional recommendations. With respect to the association between sleep quality and healthy dietary patterns, it is observed a significant association (p<0.01) between optimal sleep and daily breakfast consumption in model 3 (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.61 (0.46-0.82)). Regarding unhealthy dietary patterns, a significant association (p<0.05) is observed in model 3 between sleep quality and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.42 (1.02-1.96)). Furthermore, a significant association between optimal sleep and salt consumption is observed in both model 2 (OR: 0.73 (0.54-0.99)) and model 3 (OR: 0.72 (0.53-0.97)). Finally, a significant relationship between not tobacco use and optimal sleep is observed (OR: 0.68 (0.48-0.96)). A positive relationship between healthy diet and sleep quality was observed in university students, which certain dietary patterns, such as the consumption of breakfast and low salt consumption and alcohol, are crucial to talk about a good sleep quality in this population group.

Associations between eating habits and mental health among adolescents in five nordic countries: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe role of eating habits in adolescent mental health has become a growing area of interest for researchers and health professionals. Recent studies suggest that healthy eating habits may play a role in the development and management of mental health. However, existing literature is largely based on clinical populations, and comparisons are challenged by sociocultural differences and methodological issues. The aim of the present study was to use nationally representative data based on standardized procedures, to explore associations between adolescents eating habits and mental health, considering the importance of age, gender, socioeconomic factors, and country.MethodsThe study was based on data from Nordic adolescents (age 11, 13 and 15 years) who participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study (n = 22384). General linear modelling and multigroup regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between food habits (intake of fruit, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks), meal habits (intake of breakfast and having family meals together), and mental health (life satisfaction and subjective health complaints). The analyses were weighted and adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, and country.ResultsOverall, healthier eating habits were associated with better mental health. The strongest associations were found between meal habits (breakfast consumption and having family meals together) and mental health. Gender and country differences were seen, with weaker associations found among Danish boys.ConclusionEating habits should be considered when promoting mental health in the adolescent population. While gender differences and cross-country variations exist, even minor enhancements in eating behaviors could yield meaningful benefits.

Determinants of breakfast skipping among pregnant women from South Ethiopia Gamo Zone: a case-control study.

Skipping breakfast during pregnancy presents several challenges and potential health risks for both the mother and her baby. Breakfast plays a crucial role in providing essential nutrients and energy after an overnight fast. Skipping breakfast during pregnancy creates an unhealthy environment for the fetus. Thus, this study aimed to identify the determinants of breakfast skipping among pregnant women. An unmatched, community-based case-control study was conducted among 116 randomly selected cases (breakfast skippers) and 232 neighboring controls (regular breakfast consumers). Data was collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine predictors of breakfast skipping using STATA version 16. The odds of non-formal education (AOR = 3.92; 95% CI: 1.75, 8.78), low socioeconomic status (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 7.68), poor dietary knowledge (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.29, 6.47), and experiencing morning sickness (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.84) were higher among cases than controls. The odds of breakfast skipping were higher for every increase in family size (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.18), but decrease with every unit increase in mid-upper arm circumference (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.72) and weekly frequency of drinking coffee leaf tea beverage (AOR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.89). Findings of this study showed that poor economic status, lack of formal education, poor dietary knowledge, having morning sickness, having large family size, maternal nutritional status, and frequent consumption of coffee leaf tea beverage were significantly associated with breakfast skipping among pregnant women. Thus, efforts should focus on improving dietary awareness during pregnancy, strengthening dietary counseling during antenatal care, enhancing access to contraceptive services, and ensuring timely management of morning sickness.

Dairy Consumption at Breakfast among Southeast Asian Children: Associations with Nutrient Intake from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II (SEANUTS II).

Children's rapid growth requires adequate nutrient intake, with breakfast, especially when incorporating dairy, playing an important role. This study examined associations between dairy consumption at breakfast and energy and nutrient intake among children in Southeast Asia. Utilizing the cross-sectional South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II dataset, using a 24 h dietary recall and questionnaires distributed among 10,286 children aged 2 to 12 years from Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, we investigated the impact of dairy consumption at breakfast on nutrient intake and examined associations between breakfast consumption and the prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among 10,135 children. Although most of the children consumed breakfast, only 37%, 27%, 16%, and 18% in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, respectively, included dairy in this meal, with younger children being significantly more likely to consume dairy at breakfast (p < 0.001). Dairy consumers had significantly higher intakes of vitamins A, B12, and D and calcium both at breakfast and throughout the day (p < 0.001). Breakfast skippers had a 29% increased risk of being overweight/obese. Dairy consumption at breakfast was associated with enhanced nutrient intake and overall diet quality among Southeast Asian children. The association between breakfast habits and anthropometric outcomes highlights the need to address nutritional deficiencies and promote healthy growth and development.

Breakfast skipping suppresses the vascular endothelial function of the brachial artery after lunch.

Breakfast skipping has been suggested to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, whether breakfast skipping affects vascular endothelial function (VEF), a marker of cardiovascular diseases, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of breakfast consumption (Eating trial) and skipping (Skipping trial) on brachial artery (BA) VEF in healthy breakfast eaters. A total of nine healthy individuals (4 females and 5 males) either had breakfast between 830 and 900 or skipped it and had lunch between 1200 and 1230, followed by a 3-h rest period until 1530. For BA VEF evaluation, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured by ultrasound before and after breakfast and lunch. FMD was calculated as the percent change in BA diameter normalized to the shear rate area under the curve (FMD/SRAUC). Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma free fatty acid levels in capillaries were measured before and after breakfast and lunch. At 1530, the Eating trial, but not the Skipping trial, significantly increased FMD/SRAUC from baseline (P = 0.006). The Skipping trial showed significantly lower changes in FMD/SRAUC from 830 than the Eating trial at 1530 (P < 0.001). We found a significant inverse correlation between changes in FMD/SRAUC between 830 and 1530 and peak glucose levels after lunch (r = -0.882, P < 0.001) and with an incremental area under the curve for glucose between 830 and 1530 (r = -0.668, P < 0.001). These results suggest that a single bout of breakfast skipping can suppress BA VEF in the afternoon because of postlunch hyperglycemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skipping breakfast does not affect vascular endothelial function (VEF) before lunch. However, after lunch on normal meals (i.e., not oral glucose tolerance test), VEF was found to be lower in those who skipped breakfast than those who ate breakfast. Such reduced postlunch VEF after skipping breakfast was associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. These results provide important insight into the impact of eating breakfast on VEF and glycemic control in healthy adults.

Impact of Breakfast Consumption and Sleep Habits on Morning Attention and Concentration Among Health Professional Students.

Background Breakfast consumption and sleep habits are known to affect cognitive performance, yet their specific impact on health professional students' morning attention is underresearched. Objective The study's objective was to assess the influence of sleeping habits and breakfast eating habits on health professional students' morning attention span. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 undergraduate health professional students from medical colleges in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants completed an online questionnaire that gathered data on demographic characteristics, breakfast consumption patterns, sleep habits, and morning attention levels. Morning attention was measured using a self-reported scale where students rated their ability to concentrate during morning lectures on a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very poor" to "very good." Additional questions assessed the frequency and quality of breakfast consumption, sleep duration, sleep quality (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and daytime napping habits. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) to explore the relationships between breakfast and sleep habits and their effects on self-reported attention during morning lectures. Results Of the 323 participants, 78 (24.14%) never skipped breakfast, while 71 (22.93%) skipped breakfast regularly. Breakfast skippers exhibited poorer attention, with a coefficient of -0.45 (p = 0.0002). Students consuming a more nutritious breakfast demonstrated improved attention, with a coefficient of 0.32 (p < 0.0001). Regarding sleep, 196 students (60.68%) slept four to six hours; those with longer sleep durations had better attention (coefficient = 0.21, p = 0.020). Conversely, 271 participants (83.90%) reported that frequent daytime napping and poor sleep quality, including frequent nighttime awakenings, had a negative impact on attention, with coefficients of -0.30 (p = 0.007) and -0.28 (p = 0.005), respectively. Additionally, 161 students (49.84%) reported difficulty concentrating during morning lectures. Conclusion Regular consumption of a nutritious breakfast and sufficient sleep are crucial for maintaining optimal morning attention and cognitive performance among health professional students.

Interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors in people aged 13-30 years: A systematic scoping review.

Adolescence is an important period of increasing independence, when adolescents experience changing influences of family and friends on their diets as they transition into adulthood. We conducted a scoping review to map the literature on interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors among individuals aged 13-30 years. We searched seven literature databases, and following screening, 329 papers were included. Determinants were grouped according to sub-categories of the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating framework: family structure (n = 122), social influences (n = 121), parental behaviors (n = 90), family food culture (n = 83), social support (n = 69), parental feeding styles (n = 24), parental attitudes/beliefs (n = 8), and parental resources/risk factors (n = 6), and we added two new sub-categories: parenting style (n = 74) and partner behaviors (n = 6). Fruit/vegetable (n = 143) and sugar-sweetened beverage (n = 102) intake were the most commonly measured diet outcomes, and breakfast consumption (n = 41) and fast food/takeaway intake (n = 39) the most commonly examined eating behaviors. This review highlights the gaps in the literature, both across the determinant sub-categories and also the relative paucity of longitudinal evidence and lack of evidence in emerging adults, particularly outside of university settings. Future research should focus on these areas to provide stronger evidence to support better design of interventions for this age group.

Associations between Meal Patterns and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Western Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies and Randomised Controlled Trials.

Childhood overweight/obesity (OV/OB) is a major public health problem in Western countries, often accompanied with comorbidities (e.g., hypertension and insulin resistance) (i.e., metabolically unhealthy obesity-MUO). Among diet-related risk factors of OV/OB risk and MUO, meal patterns remain limitedly studied. The aim of this systematic review was to explore associations between meal patterns and the risk of childhood OV/OB and MUO in children/adolescents aged 2-19 years. Longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials from PUBMED and Scopus published between January 2013 and April 2024 were retrieved. Twenty-eight studies were included, all of which reported on OV/OB risk, with none on MUO risk. Regular consumption of breakfast (n = 3) and family meals (n = 4) and avoiding dining while watching TV (n = 4) may be protective factors against childhood OV/OB, whereas meal skipping (primarily breakfast; n = 4) may be a detrimental factor. Mixed effects of meal frequency on OV/OB risk were observed; no effects of frequency of lunch or of fast-food consumption and of meals served at school were found. There was insufficient evidence to support the role of other patterns (meal timing, eating in other social contexts). Meals were mainly participant-identified, leading to increased heterogeneity. Research focusing on childhood MUO and the use of harmonised definitions regarding the assessment of meal patterns are highly warranted.

Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data.

Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, but few studies have investigated dietary factors specifically related to obesity and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Herein, we aimed to identify the dietary factors affecting childhood obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) VIII were analyzed using K-means clustering analysis to identify distinct clusters based on nine variables related to dietary habit, nutritional status, and nutritional education. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between incident obesity risk and the different clusters. We enrolled 2,290 participants aged 6-18 years, and separated them into two distinct clusters; Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Habit Groups, clusters 1 and 2, respectively. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower obesity prevalence, healthier dietary habits (regular breakfast consumption; fruit and vegetable, reduced total energy, and lower protein and fat intakes), and greater nutritional education than Cluster 2. After adjusting for confounders, compared with Cluster 1, Cluster 2 demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (OR [95% CI]) of both general and abdominal obesity (1.49 [1.05-2.13], p=0.027 and 1.43 [1.09-1.88], p=0.009). Maintaining optimal dietary quality and patterns are crucial to prevent childhood obesity. Further research is warranted to explore specific dietary interventions tailored to different clusters to effectively address childhood obesity.

Breakfast consumption and associated factors and barriers among school-aged children.

Breakfast provides the energy and nutrition we need to function at best, both mentally and physically. It is also plausible to propose that children's general development is impacted when they skip breakfast. To assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and associated factors and predictors among public primary school children in Debremarkos Town, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2020. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children in Debremarkos, Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 609 study participants. The children's parents were interviewed using a pretested, structured questionnaire. For the rest of the analysis, SPSS version 20 was used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with breakfast consumption. Statistical significance was determined at a p value <0.05. Out of the sampled children, 600 respondents participated in the study, for a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption among school-aged children was 67.5%. Higher odds of regular breakfast consumption were found among respondents who were females (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.118-1.773), those who lived in high-income families (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.036-8.110), and those who had an educated family (AOR = 13.05, 95% CI = 0.019-13.1). However, lower odds of regular breakfast intake were found among respondents aged 9-12 years (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.369-0.79). Breakfast is a major health concern for school-aged children in Debremarkos city. Breakfast eating is associated with several factors; the most notable factor is being female, having a high income, and having an uneducated family. Therefore, to prevent children from skipping breakfast, stakeholders must move swiftly.

Consumption of a Sourdough-Leavened Croissant Enriched with a Blend of Fibers Influences Fasting Blood Glucose in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Subjects

BackgroundAn incorrect lifestyle, including diet, is responsible for the worldwide dramatic increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increasing dietary fiber consumption may lead to health benefits, and reformulation of bakery products may be a strategy to globally improve the diet. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of a 2-wk breakfast consumption with a sourdough-leavened croissant containing a blend of dietary fiber from 10 sources (4.8 g/100 g, croissant enriched with dietary fibers [FIBCRO]), compared with a control croissant (dietary fibers 1.3 g/100 g, CONCRO) on daily energy intake, appetite, metabolic variables, and the gut microbiome. MethodsThirty-two healthy participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups consuming FIBCRO or CONCRO. Participants self-recorded their diet and appetite through 7-d weighted food diaries and visual analog scales every day over the 2 wk. At baseline and after the intervention, fasting blood and urine samples, and fecal samples were collected beside blood pressure, anthropometry, and body composition. Serum glucose, lipids, C-reactive protein, and insulin according to the official methods and serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) activity by photometric method were measured. Polyphenols and urolithins in urines were analyzed by Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), whereas gut microbiome in feces by shotgun metagenomics. ResultsFIBCRO consumption improved fasting blood glucose compared with CONCRO (mean changes from baseline −2.0 mg/dL in FIBCRO compared with +3.1 mg/dL in CONCRO, P = 0.022), also reducing serum DPPIV activity by 1.7 IU/L (P = 0.01) and increasing urinary excretion of urolithin A-sulfate by 6.9 ng/mg creatinine (P = 0.04) compared with baseline. No further changes in any of the monitored variables or in the gut microbiome were detected. ConclusionsResults suggested that a 2-wk consumption of a sourdough croissant claimed as “source of dietary fiber” improved fasting glycemia compared with a conventional sourdough croissant in healthy subjects. The reduced serum DPPIV activity and increased bioavailability of urolithin likely contributed to determine that effect independently from gut microbiome changes.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04999280.

Impact of daily breakfast intake on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology procedures

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between meal consumption frequency and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among female patients with infertility. Research Methods & ProceduresThis cohort study was conducted from February 2022 to January 2024 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Overall, 101 female patients with infertility issues and without a history of stroke, heart disease, cancer, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. The factors extracted from the questionnaire included demographic information, meal consumption frequency before ART and at 20 years of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption status. Data on other factors, including age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, were collected from medical records. The assessed clinical outcomes included number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, live births, and miscarriages. ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, a multivariate analysis of ART outcomes was performed. Patients were categorized into groups based on the frequency of weekly consumption of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Patients who consumed breakfast 6–7 times a week were significantly more likely to have higher rates of live birth and lower rates of miscarriage in pregnancies conceived through ART. ConclusionsConsumption of breakfast 6–7 times a week before ART was associated with increased success rates following ART. This highlights the potential importance of regular breakfast consumption for optimizing ART outcomes.

Changes in Daily life due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Status in Korean Adolescents.

This study assessed the relationship between daily life changes and mental health in Korean adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from middle and high school students who responded to the relevant survey items the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed (n = 53,868). The survey assessed changes in economic status, physical activity, skipping breakfast, drinking, smoking, and mental health, including stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall prevalence of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation was 38.6%, 26.4%, 12.2%, and 12.4%. Adolescents whose economic status worsened due to COVID-19 had a higher risk of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Changes in physical activity and breakfast consumption due to the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with increases in perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Adolescents who increased their alcohol consumption had the highest risk of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Changes in economic status and health behaviors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the mental health of Korean adolescents. These results can be used to identify adolescents at high risk of developing mental health problems.