Breakdown Research Articles

Managing Anxiety: A Therapist Common Factor

In this paper, we propose that therapist anxiety in the therapy room, especially anxiety stirred up by difficult or triggering clients, represents a challenge to effective therapy, and that effective management of this anxiety be considered as a necessary therapist skill for conducting quality couple and family therapy (CFT). We propose that effective therapists need to be able to manage their emotions, especially their anxiety, in order to truly help their clients. The failure to do this can lead to break downs in the alliance and the flow of therapy, and these deleterious effects can be prevented when therapists actively navigate their internal states through self-awareness and ongoing introspection. Bridging psychotherapy literature, we discuss specific strategies to this end, and make clinical recommendations for CFTs and CFT training programs.

Dependence of spark conditioning on breakdown charge and electrode material under a non-uniform electric field in vacuum

Spark conditioning is an effective method for improving dielectric strength in vacuum. In this paper, we discuss the dependence of spark conditioning on breakdown (BD) charge and electrode material in vacuum under various non-uniform electric field and circuit parameters. We applied a negative impulse voltage to a rod-plane electrode configuration with a cathode made of stainless steel (SS), Cu-Cr, or OFHC Cu (Cu), and an anode made of SS or Cu. We changed the gap distance, the tip radius of the rod electrode and the circuit parameters. As a result, the conditioning effect, i.e. improving BD electric field strength by the conditioning, depended on the BD charge (QBD) and reached its maximum value against QBD. The optimal QBD required to achieve the maximum conditioning effect decreased with the cathode melting point. Moreover, when BD caused by cathode heating (CH-BD) occurred readily, with the SS anode, the BD electric field strength at the cathode surface after conditioning depended on QBD, regardless of the gap distance and the tip radius. Thus, for CH-BD, we estimated the withstand voltage that could be achieved by spark conditioning from the electrode configuration and QBD. However, when BD caused by anode heating (AH-BD) occurred easily with the Cu anode, the optimal QBD was larger than that for CH-BD because the cathode temperature was lower for AH-BD than for CH-BD.

Acting May Help Break Down Barriers for Patients With Mental Illness

Using techniques related to acting or role-playing may help people with mental illness be more flexible, spontaneous, and social in their thoughts and behaviors.

Genome-wide association study of eating and cooking qualities in different subpopulations of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

BackgroundStarch and protein are two major components of polished rice, and the amylose and protein contents affect eating and cooking qualities (ECQs). In the present study, genome-wide association study with high-quality re-sequencing data was performed for 10 ECQs in a panel of 227 non-glutinous rice accessions and four derived panels.ResultsPopulation structure accounted for high phenotypic variation in three routine panels and had minor effects on subspecies-based panels. Using the mixed linear model method based on the P + K model, we detected 29, 24, 16, 17, and 29 loci that were significant for ECQ parameters in each of the five panels. Some of these loci were close to starch synthesis-related genes. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (chr.9: 15417525 ~ 15474876; 17538294 ~ 18443016) for several starch paste viscosity properties detected in four panels were close to the isoamylase 3 gene, one QTL (chr.1: 30627943 ~ 31668474) for consistency detected in three panels was close to the starch synthase IV-1 gene. The QTL (chr.7: 1118122 ~ 1967247) for breakdown (BD), detected in the whole panel and japonica panel, and one QTL (chr.7: 25312126 ~ 26540950) for BD and setback (SB), detected in the whole panel and indica panel, may be specific gene alleles in japonica or indica panels. One previously detected QTL (chr.11: 22240707 ~ 22563596) for protein content and one new QTL (chr.5: 7756614 ~ 8042699) for many ECQ traits detected in more than two panels, may represent valuable targets for future cloning of the underlying genes.ConclusionsThis study detected minor-effect QTLs affecting ECQs, and may increase our understanding of the genetic differences regulating the formation of ECQ between indica and japonica varieties.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3000-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A dynamic multi-agent-based scheduling approach for SMEs

In modern manufacturing systems with computational complexities, decision-making with respect to dynamic rescheduling and reconfiguration in case of internal disturbances is an important issue. This paper introduces a multi-agent-based dynamic scheduling system for manufacturing flow lines (MFLs) using the Prometheus methodology (PM) considering the dynamic customer demands and internal disturbances. The PM is used for designing a decision-making system with the feature of simultaneous dynamic rescheduling. The developed system is implemented on a real MFL of a small- and medium-sized enterprise (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) door and window) where the dynamic customer demands and internal machine break downs are considered. The application has been completely modeled using a Prometheus design tool, which offers full support to the PM, and implemented in JACK agent-based systems. Each agent is autonomous and has an ability to cooperate and negotiate with other agents. The proposed decision-making system supports both static and dynamic scheduling. A simulation platform for testing the proposed multi-agent system (MAS) is developed, and two real scenarios are defined for evaluating the proposed system. The analysis takes into account the comparisons of the overall performances of the system models using the MAS scheduling and conventional scheduling approaches. The result of simulation indicates that the proposed MAS could increase the uptime productivity and the production rate of flexible flow-line manufacturing systems.

PROPOSAL FOR A SIGNAL FREE JUNCTION AT KUNDALAHALLI GATE JUNCTION

Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka and is the fifth largest city in the country and it is growing at a higher rate than other cities in India. Due to Revolution in IT sector, so it attracts more migrants towards city, thus it requires developed roads, grade separators, subways, mass transit systems etc. In Bangalore city on an average, 2 major & 2 minor junctions exists for every kilometer of road length, Due to which increase in travel time, frequent bottlenecks and break downs occur and also delay and congestion beyond the traffic management control. Existing infrastructure of road networks in Bangalore is overcrowded and to ease traffic related problems, Since ORR (outer ring road) were constructed, but now traffic on ORR is reached the saturated level

Identification of Plasmodium falciparum Translation Initiation eIF2β Subunit: Direct Interaction with Protein Phosphatase Type 1.

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) is one of the main phosphatases whose function is shaped by many regulators to confer a specific location and a selective function for this enzyme. Here, we report that eukaryotic initiation factor 2β of Plasmodium falciparum (PfeIF2β) is an interactor of PfPP1c. Sequence analysis of PfeIF2β revealed a deletion of 111 amino acids when compared to its human counterpart and the presence of two potential binding motifs to PfPP1 (29FGEKKK34, 103KVAW106). As expected, we showed that PfeIF2β binds PfeIF2γ and PfeIF5, confirming its canonical interaction with partners of the translation complex. Studies of the PfeIF2β-PfPP1 interaction using wild-type, single and double mutated versions of PfeIF2β revealed that both binding motifs are critical. We next showed that PfeIF2β is able to induce Germinal Vesicle Break Down (GVBD) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, an indicator of its capacity to regulate PP1. Only combined mutations of both binding motifs abolished the interaction with PP1 and the induction of GVBD. In P. falciparum, although the locus is accessible for genetic manipulation, PfeIF2β seems to play an essential role in intraerythrocytic cycle as no viable knockout parasites were detectable. Interestingly, as for PfPP1, the subcellular fractionation of P. falciparum localized PfeIF2β in cytoplasm and nuclear extracts, suggesting a potential effect on PfPP1 in both compartments and raising the question of a non-canonical function of PfeIf2β in the nucleus. Hence, the role played by PfeIF2β in blood stage parasites could occur at multiple levels involving the binding to proteins of the translational complex and to PfPP1.

A Review on an Efficient Monitoring Of Substations Using Microcontroller Based Monitoring System

The paper presents review on innovative design to develop a system based on AVR micro controller that is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main station which is at a remote place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature and over voltage. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit, called as transmitter and display unit, and another in the Main station called as controlling unit. The transmitter and the display units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by AVR microcontroller and is displayed through the display unit. An RF transmitter is used for transmitting the signals that are obtained. The controlling unit in the main station by means of a PC and a RF receiver receives the RF signals that are transmitted by the Transmitter unit and reacts in accordance to the received signal. In general, the proposed design is developed for the user to easily recognize the distribution transformer that is suffered by any open or short circuit and rise in temperatures. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of distribution transformer or power transformer due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltage. If any of these values increases beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut

The Effects of Breakdown Set Resistance Training on Muscular Performance and Body Composition in Young Men and Women.

Breakdown (BD) training has been advocated by multiple commercial and academic publications and authors, seemingly as a result of the acute hormonal and muscle activation responses it produces. However, there is a relative dearth of research that has empirically considered this advanced method of resistance training (RT) over a chronic intervention while appropriately controlling other RT variables. The present study considered 36 male and female participants divided into 3 groups: BD (n = 11), heavy-load breakdown (n = 14), and traditional (n = 11), performing full-body RT programs 2 times per week for 12 weeks. No significant between-group differences were identified for change in absolute muscular endurance for chest press, leg press, or pull-down exercises or for body composition changes. Effect sizes for absolute muscular endurance changes were large for all groups and exercises (0.86-2.74). The present study supports previous research that the use of advanced training techniques stimulates no greater muscular adaptations when compared with performing more simplified RT protocols to momentary muscular failure.

Influence of the Veneering Thickness on Stresses in All-Ceramic Crowns

Brittle break downs are typical failures of ceramic materials. Chipping problems associated with all-ceramic zirconia restorations are studied and discussed at the moment. Factorial analysis showed that material and thickness of prosthetic crowns are of primary importance in stress magnitude. Laboratory tests such as finite element analysis (FEA) may help to predict the behaviour of different restorations during biomechanical simulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate by FEA stresses in all-ceramic crowns in regard to different veneer thicknesses. For the experimental analysis a first upper premolar was chosen. A static structural analysis was performed to calculate the stress distribution from different coping designs. FEA may help to predict the behaviour of all-ceramic bilayer crowns during biomechanical simulation. FEA investigations show that a constant veneering thickness of 1-1.8 mm doesn't affect the stress distribution and maximal stress values in the teeth structures and restorations.

Pressure Dependence and Size Effect of LN2Breakdown Characteristics Under Transient Thermal Stress

Electrical insulation of liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) for a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power apparatus can be categorized into two breakdown (BD) modes. One is the intrinsic or conventional BD of LN 2 . The other is the BD of LN 2 with transient bubbles, such as a quench. In this paper, the BD characteristics of LN 2 with transient bubbles were investigated for different LN 2 pressures and electrode diameters. Experimental results revealed that the BD strength of LN 2 with transient bubbles was lower than the intrinsic BD strength of LN 2 . The difference between the intrinsic BD strength and the BD strength with transient bubbles in LN 2 became smaller with the increase in the LN 2 pressure and electrode diameter. Furthermore, the BD characteristics of LN 2 with continuous bubbles were investigated and compared with the BD characteristics of LN 2 with transient bubbles. As a result, the insulation design of an HTS power apparatus in consideration of their quench condition will be rationalized than the design based on the continuous thermal stress.

Jit Scheduling Problem on Flexible Flow Shop with Machine Break Down, Machine Eligibility and Setup Times

In this research, the problem of scheduling flexible flowshop system with machine breakdown, machine eligibility, machine-dependent setup time and sequence-dependent setup time to minimizing total weighted earliness and tardiness is studied. Firstly, the problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model. With this mathematic model, small-sized instances are solved to optimality. The considered problem is too difficult to be optimally solved for large problem sizes, and hence two metaheuristics algorithms namely genetic algorithm (GA) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) are proposed to afford large-sized instances. Due to the sensitivity of the proposed algorithms to parameter’s values, the taguchi method as an optimization technique to widespread tune different parameters of applied algorithms is employed to improve solutions authenticity. These proposed algorithms were coded and tested on randomly generated examples, then to accredit the effectiveness of them computational results are examined in terms of relative percentage deviation. Moreover, some sensitive analyses are executed for comparing the performance of algorithms in various conditions. The computational evaluations expressly confirm the high performance of the proposed genetic algorithm against imperialist competitive algorithm for related scheduling problem.

Investigation of the Transition from Local Anodic Oxidation to Electrical Breakdown During Nanoscale Atomic Force Microscopy Electric Lithography of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite.

As one of the tip-based top-down nanoscale machining methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM) electric lithography is capable of directly generating flexible nanostructures on conductive or semi-conductive sample surfaces. In this work, distinct fabrication mechanisms and mechanism transition from local anodic oxidation (LAO) to electrical breakdown (BD) in the AFM nanoscale electric lithography of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sample surface was studied. We provide direct evidence of the transition process mechanism through the detected current-voltage (I-V) curve. Characteristics of the fabrication results under the LAO, transition, and BD regions involving the oxide growth rate or material removal rate and AFM probe wear are analyzed in detail. These factors are of great significance for improving the machining controllability and expanding its potential applications.

Analysis of conditioning and damaging process in vacuum based on breakdown probability distribution

For the enhancement of insulation strength in vacuum, spark conditioning is an important and effective method. In order to enhance the insulation performance of vacuum circuit breakers, we have to clarify the conditioning effect and improve a conditioning procedure. In this paper, we discuss the conditioning process of Cu and stainless steel rod electrodes based on breakdown (BD) probability distribution. We applied a negative impulse voltage to a rod-plane electrode configuration. We adopted two procedures for the voltage application, i.e. up-down and 3 times methods. For the Cu rod with the up-down method, BD voltage increased by the conditioning effect, however, the minimum BD voltage did not increase or even decreased due to the damaging effect by BD. A moderate conditioning procedure, e.g. 3 times method, could increase the minimum BD voltage as well as the stabilization of insulation strength. The Weibull analysis of the development of a BD probability distribution has enabled us to discriminate the conditioning and damaging effects. Based on these results, we can discuss a suitable conditioning procedure.

블룸을 이용한 중형 H 형강 BDM 압연 공정 연구

Abstract H-beams are generally produced by hot rolling composed of a Break Down Mill (BDM) and a Finishing Mill (FM). The goal of the current study was to develop BDM rolling of H300ｘ300 beams from blooms slit from slabs. In order to manufacture H300ｘ300 beams, the caliber design and the pass schedule of BDM rolling were proposed for a bloom instead of a beam blank. The proposed BDM caliber design and pass schedule were tested using FE-simulation and pilot tests. For the major shape dimensions, such as flange width, web height, web thickness, as well as BDM rolling loads, a comparative analysis between the FE-simulation and the pilot rolling tests was conducted. The results of FEM analysis and pilot rolling tests showed good consistency. Moreover, BDM rolling loads were predicted to be in the range of allowable rolling loads. It was concluded that the designed BDM rolling is suitable for implementation within current manufacturing capacity. Key Words : H-Beam, Bloom, Caliber Design, FE-simulation, BDM Rolling Process, Pilot Rolling Test

Dynamic Network Loading Using Cell Transition Model

Static traffic assignment models cannot capture traffic dynamics. Time varying flows, queuing, are not accounted in static models hence traffic dynamics. Hence to replicate the real time scenario Dynamic traffic assignment models are required. Loading the network dynamically gives realistic picture of traffic dynamics which helps for an effective management of traffic congestion hence real picture of incidents all through the network. In this project Cell transmission model (CTM) which is macroscopic and dynamic in nature is used for loading the network dynamically over space and time to capture the traffic dynamics which cannot be captured by using static models to load the network. To investigate how results are affected when a natural incident occurs like sudden increase in demand, vehicle break downs on the link is modelled. Considering each link into number of cells depending upon the free flow speed of typical vehicle in a tick of clock accommodating slower vehicle in the model; the network is loaded dynamically on a three junction road study network consisting ten links to model how the traffic responds to an incident happening in next cell. Simulation for each of the ten links is done and modelled outflow is done and compared with observed outflow. Modelling is done and the network is tested for various incidents depicting the real time scenario, like when traffic enters a cell beyond the capacity flow rate how bottle necks are formed, hence performance of link can be tested. Progression of cell occupancies for different step lengths is modelled and state of a cell is also replicated which is useful to know the real time scenario at a specified cell of a road link at a particular instance of time. The links are modelled and analysed for increased inflow demand, vehicle break downs, capacity drops hence fluctuations in traffic which may be used as real time information for a commuter to make a route choice with help of a user interface. Also for traffic engineer helps in effective planning and management of traffic congestion. Finally we conclude and outline that modelling traffic dynamically effectively tests even the performance of the road network replicating realism which would not be possible with static dynamics, moreover cell transmission model is easier to implement for its simple calculations of linear relationships. Testing and analyzing road network is effectively done.

Capacity Issues in Sweden - Applications and Research

The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) is responsible for rural roads and major urban through roads, all together some 100 000 km. In 2013 30% of the yearly mileage is produced on some 2 000 km motorways, normally with posted speed limit 110 kph, and 14% on some 2700 km 2+1-barrier roads normally with 100 kph. All investment projects on state roads are assessed in a stepwise procedure including legal decisions in the feasibility and preliminary design stages as well as in a parallel socio- economic planning procedure. The STA official methodology software EVA is used to estimate life-cycle-cost analysis (LCC). Parameters such as value of time, accident costs, traffic growth and interest rates are standardized and regularly updated by STA. Travel time effects are to be estimated using the Swedish Highway Capacity Manual (SHCM) with an average passenger car vehicle hour time value of 171 SEK/hour (2010).A new edition of SHCM was published in 2014 based mainly on the METKAP-project. The paper gives an overview of up-dates such as speed-flow relationships for alternative cross-sections and speed limits, capacity procedures for weaving sections and capacity estimates in traffic signals with “shared lanes”.New Swedish speed limits for rural as well as urban roads were introduced in 2008 making it possible for road authorities also to use speed limits 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 and not only the old 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 km/h were introduced 2008-2009. New speed limit guidelines based on regional accessibility and development, environmental impact, traffic safety and driver acceptance were published. The overview is a long lasting procedure. Recent results are presented especially for the major target not to accept normal two-lane roads with speed limit over 80 kph. More than 50% of the two lane 90 and 100 kph network has been decreased or retrofitted to 2+1.A number of studies on speed and capacity on 2+1-roads have been conducted lately including effects of closing overtaking lanes in peak periods. A number of investment projects are also implemented with longer 1+1-sections with some efforts to predict speed and capacity behaviour. Efforts have also been made to estimate disturbance levels due to different types of break downs. An overview of findings is presented.An interesting project (Dukat) has developed capacity models for maintenance operations on motorways. The project includes a major full scale test of the model. Results are presented.A new Motorway Control System with varying speed limits has been implemented on the E4 between Stockholm and Södertälje. Capacity and level-of-service effects based on a pre/ater study are presented showing positive effects.The STA is also working with partly new formats to present the capacity situation in the state road network based on objectives for “usefulness” and “robustness”. These measures and results reported are also presented.

Restoration of A Badly Broken Down Tooth with A Custom Cast Post

Restoration of A Badly Broken Down Tooth with A Custom Cast Post

Borders Are Obsolete: Relations beyond the “Borderlands” of Palestine and US–Mexico

Borders Are Obsolete:Relations beyond the “Borderlands” of Palestine and US–Mexico Leslie Quintanilla (bio) and Jennifer Mogannam (bio) I’m not going to confine myself to some narrow particularism. But I don’t intend either to become lost in a disembodied universalism. … I have a different idea of a universal. It is a universal rich with all that is particular, rich with all the particulars there are, the deepening of each particular, the coexistence of them all. —Aimé Césaire, letter to Maurice Thorez 1956, in Discourse on Colonialism We ask that you bring your word and use it to provoke thought, reflection, critique. We ask you to prepare your message, sharpen it, polish it. We ask that you use your message to honor those who will receive it, and not academia or its equivalents, even if that might come in the form of a shaking, a slap, or a scream. —SupGaleano, Mexico, April 2015 The Palestinian Youth Movement, San Diego (PYM), and Colectivo Zapatista (CZ) came together in the fall of 2013 after CZ approached PYM to work together on a 5K run along the US–Mexico border. This article aims to speak to how organizing, joint-struggles, and relationship-building processes around the Break Down Borders 5K function as possibilities against settler colonialism’s manifestations at the US–Mexico border through the partnership of local Palestinian, indigenous, black, migrant, third world, and queer organizers in San Diego, California. PYM was inspired by CZ’s desire to work together and draw parallels between Palestine and Mexico. We began planning for this event knowing that we would have the autonomy to frame, expand, and deepen its meaning and political trajectory to focus on the connections between indigeneity in Palestine, Mexico, and the United States and the effects of settler colonial displacement. Through organizing together for two years, we have learned from these experiences and, alongside each other, refined our joint political frameworks to include questions of the prison-industrial complex, land and water, spirituality, imperialism abroad, blackness, and queerness. [End Page 1039] A major point has been the politics of language in this border city. Break Down Borders is an annual event that includes speakers, food, facilitated group dialogues, dancing, and a 5K run/walk along the US border wall in San Ysidro, California. The traction it has gained in the community has extended across other communities of struggle and across the border to Tijuana. Some community members in Tijuana were interested in joint organizing and learning more about Palestine. So members of PYM and CZ crossed the border and gave a bilingual presentation in English and Spanish. While trying to find linguistic translations for key Palestinian political language, we realized the importance of the politics of translation, the political language across and the distinctiveness of contexts. Through this critical multilingual conversation on Palestine and the US–Mexico border, we were able to translate, share a message, and ultimately build lasting relationships between Tijuana and San Diego. Social relationships rooted in a deep sense of camaraderie, illegible to both the hegemonic discourse of empire and the dominant discourse of solidarity movements, enabled people from across these contexts to come together through an anti-settler-colonialism framework. We refer to this space as the undercommons: an intimate social space that was never supposed to exist given the conditions of institutional marginalization between people’s disparate conditions from which the border functions. The “undercommons” is a space that exists beyond the state, a collective space unmediated by the institution that can exist beyond the scope of capitalism because of its ability to be (temporarily) autonomous in its improvisational nature. This can be seen in the reweaving of the social relationships that exist in a capitalist system, structured by logistics, bureaucracy, and institutions. In this way, un/relearning connection, as Fred Moten and Stefano Harney put it, is an unmediated feeling of love that is misrecognized in the global capitalist cycle where rejected subjectivities refuse the settler colonial system and enact modes of living that work in tandem with decolonial thought.1 Thinking through, reading, seeing, listening to on-the-ground movements through academic frameworks of the interconnected fields of border studies...

Pasting properties by near-infrared reflectance analysis of whole grain paddy rice samples

A rapid predictive method based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of paddy rice was developed to measure the pasting properties of rice. The paddy rice samples were scanned by a near-infrared reflectance spectrometer in the wavelength region of 1400–2400 nm and preprocessed by mathematical pretreatments prior to pasting properties analysis using a rapid visco-analyzer (RVA). The results indicated that the developed models of setback (SB), peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD) and consistency (CS) provided good prediction results with relatively high correlation coefficients (0.81–0.96). In addition, the validity of the calibration models was statistically tested. Standard error of prediction (SEP) and bias were small enough without any significance at 95% confidence interval. Nonetheless, this study proved that the use of NIRS for predicting pasting properties was feasible in paddy rice and could be applied in commercial trade and research.