Product Breakdown Research Articles

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Evidence for hybrid breakdown in production of red carotenoids in the marine invertebrate Tigriopus californicus.

The marine copepod, Tigriopus californicus, produces the red carotenoid pigment astaxanthin from yellow dietary precursors. This 'bioconversion' of yellow carotenoids to red is hypothesized to be linked to individual condition, possibly through shared metabolic pathways with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Experimental inter-population crosses of lab-reared T. californicus typically produces low-fitness hybrids is due in large part to the disruption of coadapted sets nuclear and mitochondrial genes within the parental populations. These hybrid incompatibilities can increase variability in life history traits and energy production among hybrid lines. Here, we tested if production of astaxanthin was compromised in hybrid copepods and if it was linked to mitochondrial metabolism and offspring development. We observed no clear mitonuclear dysfunction in hybrids fed a limited, carotenoid-deficient diet of nutritional yeast. However, when yellow carotenoids were restored to their diet, hybrid lines produced less astaxanthin than parental lines. We observed that lines fed a yeast diet produced less ATP and had slower offspring development compared to lines fed a more complete diet of algae, suggesting the yeast-only diet may have obscured effects of mitonuclear dysfunction. Astaxanthin production was not significantly associated with development among lines fed a yeast diet but was negatively related to development in early generation hybrids fed an algal diet. In lines fed yeast, astaxanthin was negatively related to ATP synthesis, but in lines fed algae, the relationship was reversed. Although the effects of the yeast diet may have obscured evidence of hybrid dysfunction, these results suggest that astaxanthin bioconversion may still be related to mitochondrial performance and reproductive success.

Spontaneous Calvarial Infarction with Epidural Hematoma and Subgaleal Hemorrhage in a Teenager with Sickle Cell SS Disease and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Introduction:Sequelae of sickle cell disease (SCD) are often the result of vaso-occlusion (VOC) related to the dysmorphic shape of sickled red blood cells (RBC). Bone infarction occurs commonly in patients with sickle cell, most notably in long bones and axial skeleton. Infarct occurs much less frequently in the bones of the skull. Calvarial bone infarct results in MRI findings of T2 hyperintensity in areas of bone marrow edema with associated swelling or hemorrhage. Symptomatic headaches in children with SCD are more likely to be due to severe underlying cerebral pathologies than in those children without SCD. When evaluating a child with SCD presenting with headache, it is important to consider calvarial infarct.Case Description:A 15 year old male with a history of sickle cell disease (type SS) and G6PD deficiency presented with chief complaints of headache and swelling over the left parietal region of the skull for two days with associated left sided visual disturbance. He denied head trauma or seizure-like activity. Upon presentation he was febrile with tachycardia and a normal neurological exam. CT scan of his head was significant for a left subgaleal hemorrhage and bilateral epidural midline and left parietal fluid collections consistent with bone marrow infarcts and associated subacute epidural hematomas, without evidence of brain parenchymal injury or sinus venous thrombosis. A follow up MRI obtained during hospitalization indicated that the left subgaleal hematoma remained stable with breakdown of subgaleal blood products. The patient was treated primarily with supportive care including hydration, packed red blood cell transfusions and pain management. He did not require neurosurgical intervention. His hospital course was complicated by VOC, sickle cell hepatopathy and acute chest syndrome.Discussion:Rarely, cranial VOC has resulted in epidural hematoma. In this case, calvarial infarct with unilateral headache, acute vision loss and acute cranial swelling resulted in subgaleal hemorrhage. This clinically significant finding results from bleeding between the periosteum and scalp galea aponeurosis, which may lead to hypovolemic shock. Calvarial infarcts should be considered on the differential in sickle cell disease patients presenting with a headache as prompt diagnosis can improve morbidity outcomes. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Total Productive Maintenance and its Effecting on the Application of Lean Production System

Increasing the amount of production, the diversity of products, a commodity and / or service, and increasing the productivity factor ratios contribute to developing the competitive strength of the organization in light of the increasingly difficult market conditions. That made all organizations work according to competitive strategies, including the production strategy for the purpose of achieving the organizations goal through the set of goals that they put. They rely on several new management systems of a strategic nature aimed at their survival and continuity in the production market. Hence, this research aims to evaluate the total productivity maintenance capacity in lean production throughout reducing the various kinds of losses, as the lean production is based on reducing each defective product (a commodity and / or service), costs, errors, and area, and all that and others aimed at improving product quality and customer satisfaction. However, the overall goals and production programs often encounter unexpected breakdowns at unexpected times, which lead to a breakdown in production and an imbalance in production plans as a result. Consequently, the companies suffer the expected revenue loss because they fail to reach the targeted production amount. The research has adopted a questionnaire that has been distributed to (50) employees of the General Company for Electric Power Production, the central region in Baghdad, which constituted more than 10% of the company’s employees. The results show that there is a strong direct relationship between the independent variable (total productivity maintenance) and the dependent variable (lean production). This distinction has explained 90% of the variables in the dependent variable.

Combinational inhibitory action of essential oils and gamma irradiation for controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and their aflatoxins biosynthesis in vitro and in situ conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain essential oils (star anise, lemon leaves, marjoram, fennel, and lavender) on the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and their production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The degree of suppression of the aflatoxigenic strains' growth and their production of AFB1 is mainly affected by the kind and the concentration of the tested essential oils (EOs). Star anise essential oil had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 and 1.0 μL/mL) against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, so it was the best among the five different oils. The study of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that star anise EO resulted in a 98% reduction in AFB1 without a breakdown of AFB1 products after treatment thus the complete removal of AFB1 was done without any toxic residues. The combination showed a synergistic effect, the combinational treatment between γ-irradiation at a low dose (2 kGy) and star anise EO at concentrate 0.5 μL/g destroyed A. flavus and A. parasiticus inoculated (individually) in sorghum and peanut, respectively throughout the storage period (8 weeks).

Natural Gas Production

Current data on natural gas production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Natural Gas Production

Current data on natural gas production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Impact of Remediation-Based Maintenance on the Reliability of a Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets

Rapid changes in electricity power markets have increased the production costs of coal-fired power plants and pushed their production to the limits of profitability. For power plants currently in operation, a possible approach to cope with this issue is to introduce novel methods that increase the plant’s reliability and availability. Coal mills are a subsystem that should ensure a plant’s availability without unexpected breakdowns. Remediation-based maintenance is defined as a set of actions performed after fault detection that do not require instant shutdown due to safety reasons. The aim of this paper was to provide a scientific confirmation that by implementing a novel remediation-based maintenance strategy, electricity production breakdowns can be significantly reduced. First, the performance of the proposed maintenance method was proved in simulation where coal mills were modeled by generalized stochastic Petri nets. The maintenance strategy was then experimentally verified in a 220 MW coal-fired power plant located in Croatia, where the plant’s availability, reliability and efficiency were increased.

Дисплазія сполучної тканини як провокуючий фактор важкості пієлонефриту в дітей

Актуальність. Останніми десятиріччями все більшу увагу привертає патологія різних органів і систем людини, асоційована з дисплазією сполучної тканини (ДСТ), через часте формування на її фоні патології різних систем організму, зокрема з боку нирок. Мета дослідження — з’ясування ролі недиференційованої дисплазії сполучної тканини (НДСТ) у важкості перебігу пієлонефриту (ПН) у дітей та пошук можливих молекулярно­генетичних маркерів, асоційованих із порушенням фібрилогенезу в дітей із різними варіантами перебігу ПН. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 60 дітей із ПН. За результатами катамнестичного спостереження вони були розподілені на 2 групи: І — 30 дітей із хронічним пієлонефритом (ХрПН), у катамнезі яких діагностувались 3 епізоди рецидиву ПН і більше впродовж 2 років, ІІ — 30 дітей із ПН, в яких впродовж 2 років не відмічалось рецидивів ПН. Контрольну групу становили 42 здорові дитини. Дітям проводилося рутинне обстеження, встановлювались клініко­лабораторні маркери порушення фібрилогенезу (фенотипові ознаки ДСТ, вміст оксипроліну (Оп) у плазмі крові та сечі) та молекулярно­генетичне тестування локусів ТТ та СТ поліморфного локусу rs565470 гена COL4A2 та локусів AA та AG поліморфного локусу rs605143 гена колагену COL4A1. Результати. У дітей із ХрПН вірогідно частіше відмічались фенотипові ознаки недиференційованої дисплазії сполучної тканини порівняно з даними дітей із гострим ПН (ГПН). Практично у всіх обстежених із ХрПН були вірогідно підвищені показники вільної та зв’язаної фракцій Оп у плазмі крові (47,14 ± 0,03 мкмоль/л та 40,08 ± 0,03 мкмоль/л відповідно), вірогідно відрізняючись від даних дітей із ГПН (17,65 ± 0,01 мкмоль/л та 17,22 ± 0,02 мкмоль/л), серед яких ці показники були підвищені тільки у 12,0 та 16,0 % дітей відповідно. У 97,0 % дітей із ХрПН визначався підвищений рівень Оп у сечі, що перевищувало частоту його виділення із сечею в дітей із ГПН (10 %). Установлена вірогідна вища частота «дикого» генотипу АА — rs605143 гена колагену COL4A1 у дітей із ХрПн порівняно з даними осіб загальнопопуляційної контрольної групи (21,4 проти 4,8 %, p < 0,05). Розрахунки показали, що носійство цього генотипу в п’ять разів збільшує ризик розвитку ХрПН (OR 5,105, 95% CI 0,12–0,87), а наявність у дитини генотипу ТТ поліморфного локусу rs565470 гена колагену COL4A2 зменшує ризик розвитку рецидивування ПН (OR 0,14, 95% CI 0,02–1,19). Висновки. Наявність НДСТ у дитини відіграє важливу роль у процесі хронізації пієлонефриту, тому наявність ознак НДСТ є прогностично неблагополучною. З метою прогнозування генетично детермінованої схильності до хронізації ПН рекомендується проведення молекулярно­генетичного тестування генотипів AA та AG поліморфного локусу rs605143 гена колагену COL4A1 та генотипів ТТ та ТС поліморфного локусу rs565470 гена колагену COL4A2.

Natural Gas Production

Current data on natural gas production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

737 BAKIM FAALİYETLERİNİ DİKKATE ALAN MAKİNE ÇİZELGELEME: LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Efforts on joint planning of production and maintenance activities have increased in the last two decades. Production breakdowns due to various reasons cause deviations in the planned production schedule. The resulting ineffective times lead to waste in terms of machine and man-hours. Breakdowns caused by machine failure result in inefficient time and significantly reduce efficiency. For this reason, studies on maintenance activities have increased recently. The purpose of this study is to analyze machine scheduling studies together with maintenance activities. While the body of literature in scheduling is vast to the best of our knowledge, there are no papers that address the review of the papers that include the scheduling of production and maintenance activities. For this reason, our study deals with the presentation of the releated papers to researchers and it is a useful guide to the future studies. The results and findings of this study can be helpful in studies related to the scheduling of the production and maintenance activities.

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Natural Gas Production

Current data on natural gas production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.