Breaking Behavior Research Articles

Engineering circularly polarized luminescence through symmetry manipulation in achiral tetraphenylpyrazine structures

Symmetry breaking, a critical phenomenon in both natural and artificial systems, is pivotal in constructing chiral structures from achiral building units. This study focuses on the achiral molecule 8,8',8'',8'''-((pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(benzene-4,1-iyl))tetrakis(oxy))tetrakis (octan-1-ol) (TPP-C8OH), an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule, to explore its symmetry breaking behavior in supramolecular assembly. By analyzing TPP-C8OH in various solvents‒both non-chiral and chiral‒ we found that chiral solvents significantly enhance the molecule’s symmetry breaking and chiroptical properties. Specially, alcohol solvents, particularly dodecyl alcohol, facilitated the formation of helical structures with both left-handed (M) and right-handed (P) helices within single twisted nanoribbons. This observation contrasts with previously reported symmetry breaking phenomena in assembly systems. Chiral solvents induced assemblies with distinct helical orientations, resulting in notable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) signals. This study elucidates the impact of solvent choice on symmetry breaking and chiral assembly, offering insights into the design of advanced chiral materials with tailored self-assembly processes.

Study of impact of screen exposure time on behavioural and growth parameters in urban Indian children

Background: The American academy of paediatrics (AAP) recommends 2 hours of screen time (ST) daily for children and teenagers, with no exposure for those under 2 years old. However, research shows children often exceed these limits, leading to behavioural issues, obesity, and unhealthy eating habits. This study aimed to evaluate STs impact on behaviour, growth, and eating habits in children aged 1.5 to 8 years. Methods: This cross sectional, observational study, conducted in the paediatric department, enrolled 401 children aged 1.5 to 8 years. Demographic details, weight, height, and BMI of the children were recorded. Parents provided information of their child's ST, screens at home, their own ST, and child’s eating habits. Behavioural parameters were evaluated using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL). Internalizing and Externalizing behaviours were also recorded in which internalizing factors comprised of anxious and somatic behaviours, while externalizing factors encompassed aggression and rule-breaking behaviours. Data analysis was performed using SPSS V.23. Results: In our study, 401 children were enrolled, comprising 233 females (58.10%) and 168 males (41.90%). Out of 401, 201 (50.12%) exceeded 2 hours of ST, while 159 (39.65%) had 1 to 2 hours, and only 41 (10.22%) had less than 1 hour. There was a strong significant association between children's ST and their internalizing (p=0.00034), externalizing (p=0.009), withdrawn (p=0.001), rule breaking (p=0.03) and aggressive (p<0.01) behaviour. Additionally, children weight had a positive correlation between ST and BMI (p=0.015). Conclusions: Excessive ST use correlates well with higher BMIs, behavioural issues like withdrawal, somatic complaints, rule-breaking, aggression. Urgent interventions are needed to reduce ST and promote healthier lifestyles among children, involving parents, caregivers, and policymakers.Top of Form

Insight into carbon structures and pyrolysis behaviors of coal from the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra

Carbon structures play an important role in the pyrolysis behavior of coal. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful nondestructive technique for characterizing the carbon skeleton structures in coal. In this study, the carbon type distribution, lattice parameters, and chemical bond concentrations of six coal samples with different Vdaf values were investigated using 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra. Typical TGA and Py-GC-MS methods were utilized to obtain information on weight loss and pyrolysis products of the coals. The aromaticity of coal was determined by an adjustment of the apparent area ratio in the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra, which shows promising potential for predicting key temperatures, characteristic index, and tar quality in coal pyrolysis. Results from the carbon fractions indicated that the total concentrations of chemical bonds in coal are approximately 150 mmol/g, with more Car−Car and Car−H bonds present in highly mature coal samples, and fewer Cal−Cal, Cal−H, and CO bonds. The breaking behaviors of chemical bonds during coal pyrolysis depend on a combination of temperature and concentration. The breakage of Cal−Cal bond contributes significantly to the pyrolytic weight loss of coal, accompanied by the decrease of Cal−H bonds along with the removal of aliphatic groups. Furthermore, as coal maturity increases, tar from fast pyrolysis contains more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a higher average molecular weight. The average number of aromatic rings in tar components is notably lower than that of aromatic clusters in coal. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between coal structure and reactivity, and may provide valuable insights for the efficient and clean utilization of coal.

Numerical simulation of blasting behavior of rock mass with cavity under high in-situ stress

With the shift of coal seam mining to the deep, the in-situ stress of coal and rock mass increases gradually. High ground stress can limit the generation of rock cracks caused by blasting, and blasting usually shows different crushing states than low stress conditions. In order to study the blasting expansion rule of rock mass with cavity under high ground stress and the rock mass fracture state under different side stress coefficients. In this paper, the effective range of blasting and the stress distribution under blasting load are analyzed theoretically. The RHT (Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma) model is used to numerically simulate the blasting process of rock mass with cavity under different ground stress, and the influence of ground stress and lateral pressure coefficient on the crack growth of rock mass is studied. The results show that when there is no ground stress, the damage cracks in rock mass are more concentrated in the horizontal direction and the fracture development tends to the direction where the holes are located, which confirms the guiding effect and stress concentration effect of the holes in rock mass, which helps to promote the crack penetration between the hole and the hole. The length difference of horizontal and vertical damage cracks in rock mass increases with the increase of horizontal and vertical stress difference. Under the same lateral stress coefficient, the larger the horizontal and vertical stress difference is, the stronger the inhibition effect on crack formation is. For blasting of rock mass with high ground stress, the crack formation length between gun holes decreases with the increase of stress level, and the crack extends preferentially in the direction of higher stress. Therefore, the placement of gun holes along the direction of greater stress and the shortening of hole spacing are conducive to the penetration of cracks between gun holes and empty holes. The research can provide reference for rock breaking behavior of deep rock mass blasting.

Fake News: “No Ban, No Spread—With Sequestration”

To curb the spread of fake news, I propose an alternative to the current trend of implementing coercive measures. This approach would preserve freedom of speech while neutralizing the social impact of fake news. The proposal relies on creating an environment to naturally sequestrate fake news within quite small networks of people. I illustrate the process using a stylized model of opinion dynamics. In particular, I explore the effect of a simultaneous activation of prejudice tie breaking and contrarian behavior, on the spread of fake news. The results show that indeed most pieces of fake news do not propagate beyond quite small groups of people and thus pose no global threat. However, some peculiar sets of parameters are found to boost fake news so that it “naturally” invades an entire community with no resistance, even if initially shared by only a handful of agents. These findings identify the modifications of the parameters required to reverse the boosting effect into a sequestration effect by an appropriate reshaping of the social geometry of the opinion dynamics landscape. Then, all fake news items become “naturally” trapped inside limited networks of people. No prohibition is required. The next significant challenge is implementing this groundbreaking scheme within social media.

Diquark break-up jet effects on particle production in central Ar+Sc and Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies

We investigate the rapidity spectra of protons in central Ar+Sc and Pb+Pb collisions at Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) super proton synchrotron (SPS) energies, utilizing the HIJING code integrated with the advanced popcorn (AP) mechanism from PYTHIA6.4. We find that the standard HIJING/AP model is inadequate for fully capturing the proton rapidity distributions observed in these collisions. To overcome this, we focus on the leading diquark (LD) break-up component, distinguishing between diquark preserving and diquark breaking (DB) behaviors. Our analysis reveals that the suppressed DB component is essential for accurately describing the proton and neutron x F spectra, particularly noting an excess of baryon number at lower x F values consistent with experimental observations. By integrating the suppressed LD break-up mechanism, informed by pp and Be+Be collision data, we successfully replicate the proton rapidity spectra and also effectively capture the rapidity spectra of negative pions and charged kaons for the studied reactions. These outcomes underscore the critical role of the suppressed LD break-up component in elucidating the mechanisms of baryon production and stopping in heavy-ion collisions at CERN SPS energies.

Effect of Tween and CTAB surfactants on aqueous solubility of the silibinin anticancer drug studied by using physicochemical properties at 310.15 K

The silibinin (SB) is an anticancer drug exhibits partial solubility in aqueous medium due to its slightly hydrophobic nature. In this context, the aqueous solubility of SB with Tween 40 (Tw 40), Tween 60 (Tw 60), Tween 80 (Tw 80) and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants at 310.15 K are reported. The physicochemical properties (PCPs) such as density (ρ, g cm−3), Apparent Molar Volume (Vϕ, cm3·mol−1), viscosity (η, mPa.s), surface tension (γ, mNm−1), friccohesity (σ, s.m−1), activation energy (Δµ2*, kJ/mol), and molecular radii (r, nm) of SB with aqueous solution of Tw 40, Tw 60, Tw 80 and CTAB surfactants separately. The PCPs reflects the state of intermolecular forces (IMF) developed between SB and aqueous solutions of Tween (40, 60, 80) and CTAB surfactants with concentration varied from 25 to 150 µM (µM). This study focused on intermolecular interacting mechanism determined by using PCPs to evaluate self-aggregation potential of SB in aqueous surfactants solution. The PCPs data furnished interaction and structure breaking behavior of SB with surfactant molecules. The development of hydrogen bond (HB), hydrophilic, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of SB with surfactants which revealed that the structure dependent interacting activities enhances with increasing concentration of SB in aqueous surfactants.

Mixed bound states in the continuum: Disclosing BIC’s content via bulk normal modes

We present a nonperturbative theory of bound states in the continuum (BICs) based on the analytical theory of infinite-grating eigenmodes in the case of a planar grating waveguide, that is, 1D photonic crystal slab. We describe a mixed BIC mainly formed by a coherent mixture of two photonic-crystal normal modes in a vicinity of their avoided crossing where both of them have a nonzero coupling with a radiation-loss channel. We reveal the universal properties of the mixed BIC associated with the spatial parity symmetry breaking and self-similar spectral behavior of the bulk normal modes near Γ-point. We show that the mechanism of the mixed-BIC formation constitutes a special kind of the generic Friedrich–Wintgen mechanism. A cutoff from the radiation-loss channel and extremely high-Q narrow resonance are achieved due to the destructive interference of the two crossing normal modes. On the contrary, a conventional symmetry-protected BIC is formed mostly by a single photonic-crystal normal mode which has vanishing coupling Fourier coefficient with every available radiation-loss channel. Implementation of the mixed BICs in various photonic-crystals structures could lead to interesting applications.

Numerical investigations of the extensive entanglement Hamiltonian in quantum spin ladders

Entanglement constitutes one of the key concepts in quantum mechanics and serves as an indispensable tool in the understanding of quantum many-body systems. In this work, we perform extensive numerical investigations of extensive entanglement properties of coupled quantum spin chains. This setup has proven useful for e.g. extending the Lieb–Schultz–Mattis theorem to open systems, and contrasts the majority of previous research where the entanglement cut has one lower dimension than the system. We focus on the cases where the entanglement Hamiltonian is either gapless or exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking behavior. We further employ conformal field theoretical formulae to identify the universal behavior in the former case. The results in our work can serve as a paradigmatic starting point for more systematic exploration of the largely uncharted physics of extensive entanglement, both analytical and numerical.

Research on rock breaking behaviors of different TBM hobs under grooving condition produced by water jet

The water-jet-assisted method is very promising to improve the cutting performance of the TBM hob. The current researches are mainly focused on flat-blade hob (FB hob), but the researches on the rock breaking behaviors of spherical-tooth hob (ST hob) and pyramidal-tooth hob (PT hob) under grooving condition produced with water jet are very limited. To investigate the rock breaking behaviors of FB, ST, and PT hobs under the grooving condition, the penetration experiments and simulations of the three types of hobs are conducted. Then the penetration process, penetration force, and penetration efficiency of three types of hobs are compared and discussed. The results denote that the elastic deformation of the rock first is presented, then a dense nucleus is produced, and finally, a huge rock chip is formed with the growth of the penetration depth, regardless of the hob types. During this penetration process, the penetration force first rises steadily and then reaches its peak value, and finally drops and fluctuates. The increasing speed of penetration force for the FB hob is larger than that of the ST and PT hob during the increasing phase of the penetration force. Meanwhile, the peak penetration force and penetration difficulty coefficient of the FB hob are also larger compared with that of the ST and PT for the same cutting width. To effectively use the cutting groove to promote macro crack propagation and break rock, the cutting width should be controlled within the critical cutting width, 40, 40, and 30 mm, respectively for the FB, ST, and PT hob. At such critical cutting width, namely the optimal cutting width, the highest penetration efficiency can also be achieved. Besides, as the cutting width ranges within the optimal cutting width, the three types of hobs' breaking efficiency could be evidently enhanced with the assistance of the cutting groove. The ST hob presents better adaptability in breaking rock under the grooving condition simulating water-jet-assisted method compared with the FB and PT hob, considering the hob's breaking force, breaking efficiency and wear life.

Functionally graded structures in the involucre of Job’s tears

Nature is filled with materials that are both strong and light, such as bones, teeth, bamboo, seashells, arthropod exoskeletons, and nut shells. The insights gained from analyzing the changing chemical compositions and structural characteristics, as well as the mechanical properties of these materials, have been applied in developing innovative, durable, and lightweight materials like those used for impact absorption. This research concentrates on the involucres of Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi), which are rich in silica, hard, and serve to encase the seeds. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of involucres were observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and optical microscopy with safranin staining. The hardness of the outer and inner surfaces of the involucre was measured using the micro-Vickers hardness test, and the Young’s modulus of the involucre’s cross-section was measured using nanoindentation. Additionally, the breaking behavior of involucres was measured through compression test and three-point bending tests. The results revealed a smooth transition in chemical composition, as well as in the orientation and dimensions of the tissues from the outer to the inner layers of involucres. Furthermore, it was estimated that the spatial gradient of the Young’s modulus is due to the gradient of silica deposition. By distributing the hard, brittle silica in the outer layer and elastoplastic organic components in the middle and inner layers, the involucres effectively respond to compressive and tensile stresses that occur when loads are applied to the outside of the involucre. Furthermore, the involucres are reinforced in both meridional and equatorial directions by robust fibrovascular bundles, fibrous bundles, and the inner layer’s sclerenchyma fibers. From these factors, it was found that involucres exhibit high toughness against loads from outside, making it less prone to cracking.

Game theory, compliance, and corporate criminal liability: Insights from a three-player inspection game

The economic analysis of crime has contributed significantly to our understanding of corporate criminal activity. To derive implications for legal policy, most theoretical papers, however, take public enforcement as exogenous, i.e. non-compliance with laws is punished with a given probability by a mechanical enforcer. We apply a game-theoretic perspective to corporate criminal behavior, self-disclosure, and policing. In this paper, we model corporate compliance as a three-person inspection game in order to analyze the impact of different liability regimes on rule breaking behavior by the firm’s agents, monitoring effort by corporate management and enforcement effort by authorities. Our analysis shows that one out of two equilibria in mixed strategies can be desirable for policy makers: while the first equilibrium requires a delicate regime of composite liability to induce self-disclosure, the second outcome is less prone to specification errors and does not rely on self-disclosure by firms. Which equilibrium is socially more desirable regarding social costs depends largely on the relative difference in monitoring costs between the corporation and authorities. We also find that a composite liability regime is more vulnerable to the reallocation of punishments by the agents through contracts or civil litigation. Moreover, we also consider the effects of whistleblower protection programs and a negligence-based liability regime to induce efforts to prevent crime ex-ante.

OVER-STABILIZED BITUMEN EMULSIONS MADE FROM EMULSIFIERS FOR SLOW-SETTING EMULSIONS

Formulations of road over-stabilized cationic bitumen emulsions with orthophosphoric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids and cationic emulsifiers for slowly disintegrating emulsions have been designed. The physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured over-stabilized bitumen emulsions and their breaking behavior were determined. It has been established that over-stabilised bitumen emulsions demonstrate good storage stability for 180 days. The obtained results of breaking behavior bitumen emulsions indicate that emulsions based on hydrochloric and sulfuric acid have a shorter fines mixing time and greater mixing stability with cement than emulsions based on orthophosphoric acid. For over-stabilized bitumen emulsions on orthophosphoric acid, the method according to DSTU EN 12848:2020 is not effective, due to the high reactivity of emulsions on orthophosphoric acid during interaction with portland cement.

A quantitative coupling pyrolysis mechanism modeling of flame-retardant composites and their bubbling, breaking, charring behaviors

The coupling pyrolysis behavior and mechanism of composites with multi-components are important for the formula optimization of future flame-retardant (FR) materials. Series of thermogravimetry (TG) experiments are carried out for five FR-composites with different ratios of aluminum hydroxide (ATH)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) additives, as well as some binary material samples in N2 and air atmospheres, respectively. A method is developed to quantitatively evaluate the different pyrolysis of real flame-retardant samples through the comparison with the corresponding mass-weighted curves of each component. It indicates that the real DTG curves of FR-composites are narrowed with larger peaks and shift towards higher temperatures always about 30 °C than the calculated ones during their pyrolysis at 250–350 °C. The results of binary systems(EVA+MDH, MDH+MCA) indicate the enhancing of acid on the early reaction of MDH at 350–450 °C. In addition, the DTG in higher temperatures are not as large as the calculated ones in air atmosphere, especially for the FR-composites with smaller ATH/MDH ratio. Finally, the morphology evolution of samples also suggests that the bubbling, breaking and charring behaviors play an important role in their coupling pyrolysis mechanism in different temperature ranges. This is a new method for investigating the pyrolysis mechanism of FR-composites through quantitatively analyzing the DTG data and real-time morphology monitoring, which deepens the understanding of their complicated chemical and physical reactions when heated.

Hydrogen-related degradation of fracture properties and altered fracture behavior of Cr–Mo steel used in hydrogen stationary vessels

This study comprehensively analyzes the effect of high-pressure hydrogen gas on the elastic-plastic fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) properties, and the corresponding fracture behavior of Cr–Mo steel in hydrogen stationary vessels. The fracture toughness value under 99 MPa hydrogen pressure significantly reduced by approximately one-third of the value tested in ambient air while FCGRs tested under hydrogen environments at a specified ΔK exhibited an approximate two-order magnitude increase compared to those observed in ambient air. The hydrogen-assisted fracture mechanism, encompassing crack initiation, propagation, and crack arrested, was meticulously examined. The distinct variations in fracture modes with changes in the ΔK range can be attributed to the synergistic interaction of HELP and HEDE mechanisms. Leak before break (LBB) behavior was not satisfied for the hydrogen vessel due to a significant reduction in the fracture toughness of materials when exposed to 99 MPa H2.

Effect of the chain length of geraniol esters on the plasticization efficiency with poly(lactide)

This work reports on the development of environmentally friendly PLA formulations utilizing different esters derived from geraniol as plasticizers. Geranyl formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and caproate at 10 wt% were combined with PLA in formulations that were produced through extrusion and injection moulding processes. Theoretical solubility parameter studies predicted good miscibility between PLA and all the plasticizers. This was confirmed by tensile test, which showed elongation at break values between 200 and 300 %, totally in contrast with the 8 % value of neat PLA. Geranyl acetate and geranyl formate exhibited the highest elongation at break behavior. These values of elongation at break were supported by FESEM images, which showed clear signs of plasticization. The plasticization effect was further corroborated by DSC and DMTA analysis, where a clear decrease in the glass transition temperature was observed from a typical value of 60 °C for neat PLA down to 40–50 °C for the plasticized blends. This was related to an enhanced chain mobility of the amorphous regions of PLA. Moreover, the plasticizers slightly increased the water absorption capabilities of PLA, as demonstrated by an increase in the water contact angle and water uptake for 11 weeks.

Interactions between genetic risk for 21 neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and sport activity on youth mental health

Childhood is a sensitive period where behavioral disturbances, determined by genetics and environmental factors including sport activity, may emerge and impact risk of mental illness in adulthood. We aimed to determine if participation in sports can mitigate genetic risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in youth. We analyzed 4975 unrelated European youth (ages 9–10) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Our outcomes were eight Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores, measured annually. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated for 21 disorders, and sport frequency and type were summarized. PRSs and sport variables were tested for main effects and interactions against CBCL outcomes using linear models. Cross-sectionally, PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder were associated with increases in multiple CBCL outcomes. Participation in non-contact or team sports, as well as more frequent sport participation reduced all cross-sectional CBCL outcomes, whereas involvement in contact sports increased attention problems and rule-breaking behavior. Interactions revealed that more frequent exercise was significantly associated with less rule breaking behavior in individuals with high genetic risk for obsessive compulsive disorder. Associations with longitudinal CBCL outcomes demonstrated weaker effects. We highlight the importance of genetic context when considering sports as an intervention for early life behavioural problems.

Investigating Sexism Faced by Young Adult Women in Indian Families and its Negotiating Outlets

India is a deep-rooted patriarch, where Gender bias is an inherent characteristic of a patriarchal society. Parents play a significant role in their children's formation of gender-role attitudes and stereotypes from childhood through young adulthood. In general, parents' expectations that their children behave according to gender stereotypes are stronger the more sexism they exhibit. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the presence of sexism in the homes of young adult women of Assam and to explore the variables of sexism faced by young adult women in their families. The study was carried out using a descriptive study design with a qualitative approach where a non-probability sample design was selected with a convenience sample technique used for providing a questionnaire to 40 participants who are young adult women from the age group 22-30 across Assam. The present study also used a semi-structured questionnaire. In this study, it was seen that the majority of the participants encountered sexism in their family. Out of all the participants, the majority of them also believe the prevalence of traditional gender roles in their family. It was identified that the majority of the respondents believe the negotiating outlets to sexism is an open conversation on gender equality and sexism in the family, balancing the decision-making power in the family, through awareness and sensitization and breaking intergenerational stereotypical norms and behaviors attached to a particular gender. Women are subjected to severe misogynistic crimes to subtle sexist comments, but they cannot escape from it. Family plays a vital role in the upbringing of a child. Sexism in the family often comes in the form of action and language.

Environmental Conditions and Vehicle Disturbance Influence Stress Behaviors in a Working Harris’s Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)

ABSTRACT Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) is used for pest control, as their presence can deter wild birds such as gulls. Working Harris’s hawk on UK waste sites is permitted in accordance with regulations and legislation. This study investigated the general environment of a waste site compound yard where a single Harris’s hawk was flown for pest control. The hawk’s behaviors were evaluated in an ethogram, alongside environmental measures, and disturbance levels. Data was analyzed using Generalised Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) to elucidate the effects of disturbance and environment on hawk behaviors. Results suggested cloudy conditions encouraged grooming responses that were normal and relaxed in their nature. Rain, sun and wind conditions increased recognized stress behaviors. Frequency of disturbance by construction vehicles inside the compound increased stress behaviors, such that keepers are recommended to revise welfare conditions. Increased stress behaviors by birds worked in dynamic environments like waste recycling yards could potentially elicit damaging illness such as feather breaking behavior. Reducing stress factors for Harris’s hawk in industrial working yards combined with amending husbandry practices will improve welfare for the species.

The Impact of Cancel Culture on Politics and International Relations

The article aims to reveal particularities of cancel culture in politics and international relations using methods of sociology and conflict theory. Deriving from previous research of cancel culture, authors define cancel culture as non-institutionalized form of social control that is implemented through mass mobilization in social media. After informal pressure the formal punishment could follow against those who break norms or behavior expectations. As a kind of social control cancel culture could contribute to overcoming gap between manifested values and social practices, preserving social order and fighting elitism and inequality. At the same time cancel culture could be used as instrument of unfair competition, political struggle and suppression of opinions. Comparison of cancel culture cases in the USA, United Kingdom and Russia allows to conclude that the scale and effectiveness of collective actions depend on national context, different systems of norms and values and cultural practices to react on violation of values and norms.In politics and international relations cancel culture manifests as an addition to actions of formal political institutions, and it aims to undermine authority and reputation of a politician. It is important that in politics and international relations cancel culture is an instrument of informal control, which follows formal sanctions. Conclusions about the nature of cancel culture as an instrument of politics helps to understand better its functions in regard to attempts to “cancel” Russia. Cancel culture adds to formal sanctions and aims to isolate the country, to undermine its legitimacy as international actor. In regard to Russia the efforts are made to “cancel” it on two levels: formal – by sanctions and informal – via rejection to cooperate coming from various professional communities. In both cases countries and respective communities have their own understanding of norms and acceptable means and tools, and thus cancel culture becomes a toll of collective punishment. International relations lack universal understanding of norms and single center of political power, so that causes selective usage of instruments to impact, and thus cancel culture becomes an instrument of political struggle.