Brazilian Male Population Research Articles

Risk of mycobacterial infections in a cohort of silicosis patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Objective: To evaluate the incidence rates of mycobacterial infections in silicosis patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of silicosis patients between January of 1999 and December of 2023. We compared the incidence of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (NTM) in patients with silicosis with and without ARD. We also compared the tuberculosis incidence in the overall cohort with general Brazilian population estimates. Results: The study comprised 369 silicosis patients, of whom 35 (9.5%) had ARD. Having ARD did not affect the cumulative incidence of mycobacterial diseases. The risk of tuberculosis was higher in the cohort when compared with that in the adult Brazilian male population (age-adjusted incidence rate ratio = 20.46; 95% CI 14.89-28.13). Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with silicosis, ARD was not associated with the incidence of mycobacterial diseases.

Federate learning of corporate social authority and industry 4.0 that focus on young people: a strategic management framework for human resources

Purpose The young population of the globe is defined by individuals aged 15 to 24 years. Based on statistics from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the second largest women population among 15 years as well as 19 years was in 2017 only behind 35 and 39 years. At this time, the Brazilian male population was higher. The difficulties of the young generation affected the preceding generation and promoted social dynamism. The worldwide data shows that the generation of young and the digital world have been constantly sought, but in reality, approximately one-third of the population in 2017 had no access to the internet. Design/methodology/approach The worldwide movement around topics such as strategy on its threefold basis and Industry 4.0 enable a link to company duty towards society to be established. This present study was produced from 1 March 2020 to 2 September 2020 via resources of human and literature evaluation relating to the idea of strategic, Industry 4.0, the responsibility of society and the creation of youth. Its motive is the global creation of youth. Two recommendations should be made after studying the literature and information gathering that enabled “analyzing social responsibility of the company and industry 4.0 with a pivot on young creation: a strategic framework for resources of human management”. Findings The adoption of defensible practices and technology bring forth by the revolution in industrial is emphasized worldwide. Originality/value The focus on the usage of these ideas is essential, so that young people can absorb the workforce in the labour market. To achieve this, the CSR idea combines this theoretical triple-created recent study.

Tendências da mortalidade em decorrência de traumas de trânsito no Brasil e nas unidades federativas entre os anos de 1997 e 2015 na população masculina

Abstract Background Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death in Brazil and the increase in the mortality rate is concerning. Objective The study aims to perform a temporal analysis of mortality trends related to traffic accidents in Brazil and its states. Method This is an ecological study of time series of mortality from traffic accidents in Brazil and its Federative Units. Data was obtained from the Information System for Mortality (SIM), processed by Datasus and classified under the headings V01 to V89 (CID-10). Specific mortality rates were calculated and adjusted by age. The temporal tendency analysis was run on the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results The Brazilian male population showed no change in the average annual percentage for the mortality rate (-0.8%; CI 95% -1.7;0.1). Ten states showed increased mortality rates; nine presented a decline, and eight remained constant throughout the period. Conclusion The male population showed no change in the rates, but the mortality rate for the general Brazilian population decreased by 1% per year from 1997 to 2015. Both general and male populations had a decrease of 4.6% and 4.9% per year during the last years, respectively (2012-2015).

Physical activity to prevent stroke mortality in Brazil (1990-2019)

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the burden of stroke mortality due to low levels of physical activity (PA) in Brazil from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for Brazil and Brazilian states were used. We used the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rates, summary exposure value, and fraction of population risk attributable to low levels of PA. To standardize all estimates, data from the population aged 25 years or older were considered. RESULTS: The risk of exposure to low PA, SEV values, for the Brazilian male population was 11.8% (95%UI: 6.7; 19.9) and for the Brazilian female population was 13.2% (95%UI: 8.6; 19.2) in 2019. For males, it was estimated that there were, respectively, 2,025 (95%UI: 271; 4,839) and 3,595 (95%UI: 658; 7,302) deaths in 1990 and 2019 due to stroke attributable to low PA. For females, there were 2,518 (95%UI: 498; 5,006) and 4,735 (95%UI: 1,286; 8,495) deaths in 1990 and 2019 due to stroke attributable to low PA, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, reductions of 44.0% for males (95%UI: −0.54; -0.05) and 52.0% for females (95%UI: −0.60; -0.30) in age-standardized mortality rates due to stroke attributed to low PA were observed. Approximately 6.1% (for males) and 7.3% (for females) of deaths in 2019 due to stroke could be avoided if the Brazilian population were physically active. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the promotion of PA in all Brazilian states for preventing early mortality due to stroke.

The association of A-1438G and T102C polymorphisms in HTR2A and 120 bp duplication in DRD4 with alcoholic dependence in a northeastern Brazilian male population

BackgroundAround the world, 3.3 million deaths are related to alcohol abuse. In Brazil, there are more than 4 million people with this behavior. Alcohol Dependence (AD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by genetic and environmental factors. HTR2A and DRD4 are genes related to the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems and alterations in their sequences are associated with the etiology of AD. Our work analyzed the association between A-1438G (rs6311) and T102C (rs6313) polymorphisms in HTR2A and 120 bp duplication in DRD4 with the susceptibility to AD in that group of people. MethodsBlood samples were collected from 300 men from Northeastern Brazil (150 alcohol-dependents and 150 controls). After DNA extraction, the determination of HTR2A and DRD4 genotypes was performed through PCR-RFLP method. The allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with AD were determined using chi-square and Fisher's exact test, as well as, odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval of 95%. Value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. ResultsSignificantly, the low education, intake of doses per day, smoking and a positive family background of alcoholics were predominant in alcoholics patients than controls (p < 0.05). The results showed no differences were found between polymorphisms in the HTR2A and DRD4 genes herein investigated with AD. However, we observed a significant association between the GG (GG: OR = 6.68; 95% CI: 2.85 to 15.68; p < 0.0001), CC (CC: OR = 4.34; 95% CI: 1.68 to 11.1; p = 0.003), AG + GG (AG + GG: OR = 5.96; 95% CI: 2.68 to 13.2; p = 0.0001) and, TC + CC (TC + CC: OR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.79 to 10.6; p = 0.001) genotypes in the HRT2A gene and family background with susceptibility to AD in our population. ConclusionTherefore, we suggest that the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of the A-1438G and T102C polymorphism in the HTR2A gene, together with the positive family AD history, may be associated with the development of AD in the northeastern Brazilian male population displaying a dominant inheritance model. Further work is strongly encouraged to confirm the role of these polymorphisms in AD.

Age-Related and Gender-Related Increases in Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates in Brazil Between 1979 and 2015: Projections for Continuing Rises in Disease

PurposeBrazil is the largest country in South America. Although a developing nation, birth rates have been decreasing in the last few decades, while its overall population is undergoing lifestyle changes and ageing significantly. Moreover, Brazil has had increasingly high mortality rates related to colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we investigated whether the Brazilian population is exhibiting increasing mortality rates related to colon cancer (CC) or rectal cancer (RC) in recent years.MethodsWe examined data from the Brazilian Federal Government from 1979 to 2015 to determine whether CRC mortality and the population ageing process may be associated.ResultsOur mathematical modelling suggests that mortality rates related to CC and RC events in the Brazilian population may increase by 79% and 66% in the next 24 years, respectively. This finding led us to explore the mortality rates for both diseases in the country, and we observed that the highest levels were in the south and southeast regions from the year 2000 onwards. CC events appear to decrease life expectancy among people during their second decade of life in recent years, whereas RC events induced decreases in life expectancy in those aged >30 years. Additionally, both CC and RC events seem to promote significant mortality rates in the male population aged > 60 years and living in the southern states.ConclusionOur dataset suggests that both CC and RC events may lead to a significantly increasing number of deaths in the Brazilian male population in coming years.

PRO36 BUDGET IMPACT ANALYSIS OF EMICIZUMAB PROPHYLAXIS FOR HEAMOPHILIA A PATIENTS WITH INHIBITORS IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE

The HAVEN 1 trial showed that emicizumab prophylaxis reduced bleeding rates when compared with bypassing agents (BPA) on-demand and prophylaxis, among patients with hemophilia A with inhibitors (HAwI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the budget impact of emicizumab versus BPAs in the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (SUS) perspective. Prevalence data for hemophilia from the Ministry of Health was used to estimate the eligible population of patients with HAwI and mean patient weight was extrapolated from general Brazilian male population adjusted by age. Analysis was done in SUS perspective and for a time horizon of 5 years. Drug costs for prophylaxis and breakthrough bleeds treatment were extracted from 2019 official sources (1 BRL = 0.27 USD). Annualized bleeding rates were retrieved from HAVEN 1. In the current scenario, market share was defined as 35% and 65% for BPA prophylaxis and BPA on-demand, respectively. Validity of the results were evaluated on a sensitivity analyses in which the uptake of emicizumab varied: scenario 1 (market-share 35% from Y1-Y5); scenario 2 (35% Y1 to 61% Y5); scenario 3 (6% Y1 to 64% Y5). Mean annual treatment cost is 1.76 million BRL (475.3 thousand USD), 2.00 million BRL (540.1 thousand USD) and 1.16 million BRL (313.7 thousand USD) for emicizumab prophylaxis, BPA prophylaxis and BPA on-demand, respectively. In 5 years, emicizumab can save up to 228 million BRL (61.6 million USD) in scenario 1 and the budget impact is neutral in scenarios 2 and 3. Bleeding rates reduction with emicizumab is the main factor that offsets treatment costs and drives budget savings. Compared with intravenous BPAs, once-weekly subcutaneous emicizumab prophylaxis can generate savings or at least maintain budget neutrality whilst expanding routine prophylaxis rate among patients with hemophilia A with inhibitors in Brazilian Public Healthcare System perspective.

Syphilis prevalence and risk factors among young men presenting to the Brazilian Army in 2016: Results from a national survey.

The Conscripts Survey has been conducted periodically by the Brazilian Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), AIDS, and Viral Hepatitis (DIAHV) in collaboration with the Brazilian Ministry of Defense for over 2 decades. It aims to assess the syphilis prevalence and obtain data on knowledge regarding STIs and their risk factors among conscripts enlisted for the Brazilian Army.This cross-sectional study was conducted among conscripts across Brazil aged 17 to 22 years from August to December 2016. It included a self-reported questionnaire and blood testing for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C.In total 38,247 conscripts were enrolled; after exclusion due to a lack of information, 37,282 (93.2%) conscripts were included. The estimated syphilis prevalence rates were: 1.63%, 1.09%, and 0.62% for screened, confirmed, and active syphilis, respectively. Among those with active syphilis, 81.1% reported not having syphilis infection in their lifetime. Higher confirmed syphilis prevalence rates were observed in the South region, followed by North and Southeast regions. Independent factors associated with confirmed syphilis infection were: self-reported STIs in one's lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 7.24; P < .001), same-sex sexual relationships (OR = 3.43; P = .001), and having the 1st sexual intercourse encounter before 15 years of age (OR = 2.62; P = .04). The proportion of conscripts who reported having sex with other men (MSM) was 4.3%, and the estimated syphilis prevalence in this group was 5.23%, 4.61%, and 3.60% for screened, confirmed, and active syphilis, respectively. The sexual behaviors most frequently associated with confirmed syphilis were: sexual relationship with casual partners in the last year (P < .001), same-sex sexual relationships (P < .001), more than 10 partners (P = .006), and having sexual intercourse before 15 years of age (P = .003). Although not significant, only 25.4% of the conscripts who had a confirmed syphilis reported the use of condoms with steady partners, 32.4% with casual partner, and 24.3% with any partner.We found that syphilis is on the rise among the young Brazilian male population. The increase in its prevalence, particularly among MSM, highlights the need for urgent public health interventions, action plans, and implementation of risk reduction strategies aimed at this population.

HIV infection, high-risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men sheltered in therapeutic communities in Central Brazil

Homeless men present high vulnerability to HIV infection, mainly due to sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection, risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 homeless men recruited in four therapeutic communities in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and risk behaviors. Furthermore, all were tested for HIV. Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 1.24% (95.0% CI: 0.57 to 2.69%). Previous HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 10.0; 95.0% CI: 1.86-55.8) and years of education (APR: 0.76; 95.0% CI: 0.60-0.97) were factors associated with HIV infection. Participants had high rates of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use. The prevalence of HIV infection among homeless men was higher than that found in the Brazilian male population and we identified a high rate of risk behaviors for HIV among the homeless men investigated. Thus, it is necessary to expand HIV prevention measures in Brazil, such as health education, condom availability, regular HIV testing and increased testing coverage in this population, and treatment for alcohol and/or illicit drug dependence/abuse.

Health and Economic Burden of Obesity in Brazil

IntroductionHigher and lower-middle income countries are increasingly affected by obesity. Obesity-related diseases are placing a substantial health and economic burden on Brazil. Our aim is to measure the future consequences of these trends on the associated disease burden and health care costs.MethodA previously developed micro-simulation model is used to project the extent of obesity, obesity-related diseases and associated healthcare costs to 2050. In total, thirteen diseases were considered: coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and eight cancers. We simulated three hypothetical intervention scenarios: no intervention, 1% and 5% reduction in body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn 2010, nearly 57% of the Brazilian male population was overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), but the model projects rates as high as 95% by 2050. A slightly less pessimistic picture is predicted for females, increasing from 43% in 2010 to 52% in 2050. Coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, cancers, osteoarthritis and diabetes prevalence cases are projected to at least double by 2050, reaching nearly 34,000 cases of hypertension by 2050 (per 100,000). 1% and 5% reduction in mean BMI will save over 800 prevalence cases and nearly 3,000 cases of hypertension by 2050 respectively (per 100,000). The health care costs will double from 2010 ($5.8 billion) in 2050 alone ($10.1 billion). Over 40 years costs will reach $330 billion. However, with effective interventions the costs can be reduced to $302 billion by 1% and to $273 billion by 5% reduction in mean BMI across the population.ConclusionObesity rates are rapidly increasing creating a high burden of disease and associated costs. However, an effective intervention to decrease obesity by just 1% will substantially reduce obesity burden and will have a significant effect on health care expenditure.

Stunkard Figure Rating Scale for Brazilian men

To evaluate psychometric assessment of Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for Brazilian male population. The sample was composed of a control group (94 students) and a clinical group (20 eating disordered patients). Two questionnaires were applied: the FRS and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire-26. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected in the control group (self-reported) and clinical group (measured). Body dissatisfaction (BD) was calculated by subtraction of ideal body (IB) from the current body (CB) score. The concurrent validity was assessed through the analysis of the correlation between the CB and BD scores and the BMI and the body weight. The discriminant validity was achieved by measurements of association between the groups studied and the scales CB, IB and BD. Reliability was assessed by the comparison of the score averages at two moments and by the intraclass coefficient correlation. The questionnaire had a correlation higher than 0.67 for the measures of weight and BMI. Regarding the CB, IB and BD scores, a significant difference was not observed between the clinical and the control group. There was no difference between the scores for BD at the two moments analyzed. The FRS is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

OP21 An Economic Evaluation of Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases are increasingly recognised as the major health issue facing many governments. Brazil has observed a rapid change in the weight profiles of its population, with the prevalence of...

Adequação nutricional do almoço self-service de uma empresa de Santa Luzia, MG

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação nutricional dos cardápios do almoço self-service de uma empresa, tomando-se como base o consumo médio diário per capita. MÉTODOS: Empregou-se o método da pesagem direta dos ingredientes, preparações, bebidas e sobras, antes e após a distribuição das refeições. RESULTADOS: O valor energético médio, corrigido pelo índice-de-rejeito (6,6%), foi de 1108kcal. Os teores de carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios forneceram, respectivamente, 51,0%, 19,0% e 30,0% de energia metabolizável. Com base nas recomendações para a população brasileira do sexo masculino (2.785kcal), os cardápios avaliados contribuíram com 40,0% da necessidade energética total, 30,0% dos carboidratos, 96,0% das proteínas e 47,0% dos lipídios. Para a população do sexo feminino (2.056kcal), os valores correspondentes foram, respectivamente, 54,0%, 41,0%, 130,0% e 64,0%. O consumo de fibra alimentar mostrou-se inadequado e correspondeu a 48,0% das necessidades diárias da clientela. CONCLUSÃO: Os usuários desta empresa necessitam receber orientações nutricionais sobre alimentação adequada, pois o almoço consumido foi hipoglicídico, hiperprotéico e hiperlipídico. Enquanto foi normocalórico para os homens, mostrou-se hipercalórico para as mulheres.