Brazilian Internet Research Articles

Hate speech and cancellation phenomena and the impacts on young people's communication in digital environments.

The ICT Domicílios 2021 survey reveals the growth in the use of the internet in Brazil compared to periods prior to the Covid 19 pandemic. However, this expansion is not reflected in the percentages of selfauthored content posted by users: only 31% reported that they share something of their own creation, be it a text, image, photo, video or music. Among young people from Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) who are interested in politics, Silva's research (2022) revealed that only 34% claim to publish authorial content. Among the reasons given by young people, they mention fear of cancellation and hate speech. This article analyzes data from this survey in the light of discussions on infocommunicative literacy. We conclude that public policies in the country need to advance in terms of guaranteeing the right to the internet associated with education for the ethical, critical and democratic use of information and communication.

Agenciamentos de mulheres que amamentam: refletindo sobre amamentação, maternidade e internet no Brasil

The article presents the results of a research on breastfeeding, motherhood and the internet in Brazil carried out between 2020 and 2022. The research started with the analysis of content available on a digital platform aimed at pregnant women and mothers and sought to question how the experience of breastfeeding today is permeated by the information available online and the interactions that result from it. The material was complemented with interviews with some users of the platform and in dialogue with other works on motherhood, feminism and the internet. The aim was to reflect, on the one hand, on the current model of communication about breastfeeding and motherhood in Brazil and, on the other, about the ambivalences surrounding the experiences of mothers in taking care of their children while interacting with the digital environment.

Agencies of women who breastfeed: reflecting on breastfeeding, motherhood, and the internet in Brazil

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre amamentação, maternidade e internet no Brasil realizada entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. A investigação teve como ponto de partida a análise de conteúdos disponíveis em uma plataforma digital voltada para gestantes e mães a partir da qual procurou-se indagar de que maneira a experiência da amamentação hoje é atravessada pelas informações disponíveis on-line e pelas interações que delas decorrem. O material foi complementado por entrevistas realizadas com as usuárias da plataforma e em diálogo com outros trabalhos sobre maternidade, feminismo e internet. Procurou-se refletir, por um lado, sobre um modelo comunicacional vigente sobre amamentação e maternidade e, por outro, sobre as ambivalências que cercam as experiências das mães com o cuidado de seus filhos em interação com o ambiente digital.

Infodemiology on capillary blood glucose self-monitoring protocols on the Brazilian internet

Infodemiology on capillary blood glucose self-monitoring protocols on the Brazilian internet

The practices of Brazilian internet users on the environmental impacts associated with the use of medicines in the COVID-19 pandemic: are we practicing ecopharmacovigilance?

Pharmaceutical contamination represents an environmental and public health threat. One of the sources of entry of these compounds into the environment is the disposal of expired or unused medicines. However, it is necessary to understand how the population recognize this problem to subsidize management actions on this theme. Mitigating and/or reducing the entry of pharmaceuticals into the environment is one of the main lines of action of the ecopharmacovigilance (EPV). Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the environmental habits of medicines disposal by Brazilian web users, in accordance with current legislation, as well as the environmental impacts resulting from pharmacological contamination, during the COVID-19 pandemic, besides evaluating the implementation of the EPV concept. An online questionnaire was developed on the Google Forms platform with 26 questions, and was disseminated for six months on social networks, websites, and emails. The sampling method used was the convenience. The results indicated the predominance of consumption of the pharmacological group associated with COVID-19 treatment. In addition, it was observed that most participants discarded medicines for human (62.0%) and veterinary (33.6%) use in common waste. Moreover, there was a concern among respondents regarding the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment and their implications in different environmental matrices as well as in human health. Disseminating the current Brazilian legislation and improving the effectiveness of reverse logistics programs, as well as making society aware of the impacts associated with pharmaceuticals can help mitigate this environmental problem.

Brazil Method of Anti-Malware Evaluation and Cyber Defense Impacts

Cyber risk profoundly affects all. In the context of cyber threats, malware is trending in various productive sectors. Nowadays, anti-malware is essential to combat cyber threats; however, their efficiency is often questioned, because malware is different for different regions in the world. Choosing an efficient anti-malware software solution is crucial to protect information from different institutions. The method confirmed the reality of evaluating the different known methodologies, showing another scenario of the efficiency of the different testers. The method allowed visualizing an interesting panorama because 50% of malware collected on the Brazilian Internet was detected by anti-malware commercially available in Brazil.

The Self-perception of Text message Dependence Scale (STDS): A Brazilian-Portuguese validation and expansion of its psychometric properties.

Text messaging is the primary form of technology-mediated interpersonal contact and the most carried out activity on cell phones. Despite its advantages, text messaging is not exempt from risks. The present paper aimed to validate and expand the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS) in a Brazilian sample of adult internet users. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited a convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged 18 and over. A total of 1,642 (Mage = 38.6, SD = 13.5; 73% female) participants completed the STDS, the Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale-27 (MPPUS), and the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire – Short form – 9 questionnaires (PIUQ-SF-9). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement invariance for gender and age. Internal consistency was high when accessed by both McDonalds' Omega and Cronbach's alpha. Network Analysis provided insights into the core symptoms of problematic text messaging. Convergent validity of the STDS was demonstrated by the subscale’s correlation with MPPUS and PIUQ-SF-9. Due to its expanded psychometric properties and brevity, the STDS can be used in more comprehensive investigations about other excessive technology-related behaviors, such as problematic smartphone and internet use, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in problematic technology use.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-02957-8.

Online Trolling: The Impact of Antisocial Online Content, Social Media Use, and Gender.

The present study aimed to observe the relationships between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content, frequency of social media use, and gender, using the GAM as a theoretical framework. Four hundred twenty-nine Brazilian internet users (mean = 25.07 years; SD = 7.59; EP = 0.36), most of whom were women (71.8%), participated in the survey. Bivariate correlations indicated a positive relationship between online trolling, exposure to antisocial online content (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), Facebook use (r = 0.21; p < 0.01), Twitter Use (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), and gender (r = 0.15; p < 0.01). An explanatory model including these variables was tested, and obtained a significant model fit (GFI = 0.99; Comparative Fit-Index = 0.99; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.97; Root Mean Square Residual = 0.02; RMSEA = 0.02 | CI = 0 .01-0.07 |). Were also observed indirect effects for exposure to antisocial online content through Twitter use and Facebook use on trolling (λ = 0.03; CI = 0.01-0.05; p < 0.05). It is possible to conclude that the research objectives were fulfilled, emphasizing the role of situational variables in the understanding of online trolling.

The Media Intertextuality of “Que Tiro Foi Esse”: Tracking the Circulation of (Stray) Bullets in and through a Brazilian Internet Meme

The Media Intertextuality of “Que Tiro Foi Esse”: Tracking the Circulation of (Stray) Bullets in and through a Brazilian Internet Meme

Sensitivity is the dimension of temperament most associated with the progression from ideation to suicide attempts

BackgroundTo analyze the association between temperament (emotional and affective) and scrutinize the progression from suicide ideation to attempt, by using data from a large internet-based sample. MethodsIt is a cross-sectional study, based on the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). Temperament was assessed by the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS), and life-long suicidal behavior was determined by the adapted Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-17). Odds ratios were obtained through multivariate logistic regression and a multiple linear regression were used in the analysis. According to the “ideation-to-action framework”, we performed analyzes using two different reference groups: no suicidal ideation and suicidal ideation. ResultsThe affective temperaments that showed the greatest association with suicide attempts were depressive, cyclothymic, and volatile. The temperaments that reflected higher associations for progression from ideation to suicide attempt were cyclothymic, depressive, and euphoric. Sensitivity was manifested as the emotional temperament with the strongest positive association with the severity of suicidal behavior, followed by desire and control. Stability was estimated as the emotional trait with the strongest negative association with the severity of suicidal behavior. LimitationsIt is not a population based sample. BRAINSTEP is a self-selected sample whose participants are mostly women, who are highly educated and young. ConclusionsOur results suggest that temperament assessment using AFECT model may be relevant to assess the risk for the progression from ideation to suicide attempts. These results strengthen the “ideation-to-action” framework that risk factors to suicide ideators can differ from suicide attempters.

Psychometric Properties of the Nine-Item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire in a Brazilian General Population Sample.

Objective: The goal of the study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the nine-item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-SF-9).Methods: A convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged between 18 and 89 years (72.7% female, mean age 38.7 years ± 13.5) was recruited online from September 2018 to July 2019 (test sample = 1,525; retest sample = 237). Participants responded to the adapted version of the PIUQ-SF-9, as well as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and sociodemographic questions.Results: A bifactor model with one general factor and three specific dimensions (obsession, neglect and control disorder) yielded the best fit indices [χ2 = 67.66, df = 15, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.048 (0.037–0.060), RMSEA p close = 0.587 and SRMR = 0.01]. McDonald's hierarchical omega coefficient was 0.76 for the general factor and varied between 0.16 and 0.33 for the specific dimensions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the general factor and varied between 0.64 and 0.72 for the specific dimensions. The MIMIC model supported the scale's construct validity as the relationship of the predictors (age, time spent online, self-perception of problematic internet use, and depression symptoms) with the PIUQ-SF-9 factors was in line with the assumptions based on the literature.Conclusion: PIUQ-SF-9 seems to be a brief and culturally validated instrument with sound psychometric properties to be used in future studies on problematic internet use in the Brazilian population.

Digital Constitutionalism and Constitutional Jurisdiction: A Research Agenda for the Brazilian Case

This paper discusses how normative principles from Digital Constitutionalism might guide the Constitutional Courts' judicial review of Internet laws, such as the Brazilian Internet Civil Framework. It argues that effective protection of fundamental rights in cyberspace requires a judicial review framework open to (i) a redefinition of the traditional perspective of horizontal effects of constitutional rights and (ii) a comprehensive understanding of the re-territorialization phenomenon of the Internet. These possibilities are examined from the discussions on the online intermediaries' civil liabilities and the jurisdictional cross-border battles for digital evidence.

Unequal Inclusion

Purpose ”“ The paper aims at assessing the evolution of the digital divide in Brazil in the last decade from a multidimensional perspective, going beyond the issue of access. How have the inequalities in the use of Internet in Brazil varied through time?&#x0D; Methodology ”“ The paper investigates the relationship between individual socioeconomic characteristics and household characteristics, and the pattern of Internet access and use in Brazil using multivariate analysis, drawing on data from national ICT surveys between the years 2000 and 2019.&#x0D; Findings ”“ The results show that increasing access do not necessarily result in a more equitable adoption and use of available online resources. They highlight a persistent “digital elite” capable of a more sophisticated use of the Internet. The maintenance ”” and even the increase ”” of differences in the use of Internet is in line with part of the literature on digital inclusion.&#x0D; Practical Implications ”“ The study underscores the importance of developing methodological frameworks to better measure the digital divide, allowing it to be used as the independent variable in broader analyses of income inequality and access to public services, for instance. Additionally, the persistence of a "second level digital divide" in Brazil points to the need for policies that address the "digital skills gap" enabling the realization of the Internet's potential to ease social disparities.&#x0D; Originality ”“ Despite the existing literature on the relationship between online inequalities and other kinds of inequalities, there are still few empirical studies, especially with a multidimensional perspective.

As tecnologias da informação no Brasil: um ensaio sobre processos tecnológicos no período de 1995-2010

neste trabalho buscaremos reconstruir o início do mercado brasileiro da internet. Para isso partiremos de matérias publicadas em sites de naturezas distintas, no período dos 15 anos iniciais do mercado da internet no Brasil. Essas notícias são importantes porque trazem questões situadas no tempo sobre o uso da internet por parte dos brasileiros, bem como o esforço do Estado na criação e controle do mercado da internet. Ainda, traremos dilemas que preocuparam os sujeitos nesse período, seja do ponto de vista dos impactos da internet e da tecnologia na vida de seus usuários, ou dos dispositivos jurídicos necessários para a proteção dos sujeitos no cotidiano da relação com a internet. Esses dados serão mobilizados na operacionalização de diferentes teorias da rede que estão em disputa no campo de produção de conhecimento da sociologia, os representantes são Castells, Elias, Granovetter e Latour. Dessa forma, através dessas teorias, iremos desnaturalizar as preocupações relacionadas ao uso da internet no Brasil, bem como relembrar que as questões que nos afligem hoje, na verdade, são antigas.

PATTERNS OF FIBER INTAKE AMONG BRAZILIAN ADULTS: PERCEPTIONS FROM AN ONLINE NATIONWIDE SURVEY.

Adequate fiber intake is associated with digestive health and reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases and is recognized as essential for human health (World Health Organization, 2003). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily fiber consumption of ≥25 g, but previous studies observed a fiber intake in Brazil lower than recommended. We aimed to describe fiber intake among adults in Brazil and also respondents' knowledge and perceptions about their fiber intake. National online survey with community-dwelling Brazilian individuals. The survey was conducted during September 2018, using an online platform with closed-ended questions. A representative sample of Brazilian internet users stratified by sex, age, socioeconomic status and geographic region was adopted. Sample size was calculated using a 2% error margin and 95% confidence interval (n=2,000). Data was descriptively analyzed using measures of frequency, central tendency and dispersion. Sample included 2,000 individuals who were well-balanced in terms of sex (51.2% female), with mean age of 35.9 years (most represented age group was 35-54 years, 39.6%) and from all country geographic regions (49.4% from Southeast). A total of 69.7% of them consider their usual diet as healthy and 78.4% reported consuming fibers regularly. Fibers from natural sources are consumed at least once a day by 69.5% of the sample, while daily fiber supplements were reported by 29.9%. Absence of regular fiber intake was reported by 21.7% of respondents and the most common reason was "lack of knowledge about fiber sources" (39.3%). When informed about the food sources of each type of fiber (soluble and insoluble) and asked about the regular intake, only 2.5% answered that they do not consume any of them regularly (as opposed to 21.7% before receiving information about specific fiber sources). Our findings indicate that fiber intake in Brazil is probably insufficient with a high proportion of individuals reporting irregular or absent ingestion of fiber sources in their daily lives. Lack of knowledge about fiber sources and fiber types seems to play a role in this inadequate intake, highlighting the need for nutritional education to achieve healthy dietary patterns in the country.

Emerging Trends on Brazilian Connected Students Behavior

This paper aims to present emerging trends of Brazilian connected students towards the use and appropriation of ICT resources through data of two national surveys: 2014 #Connected Youth Brazil and 2018 ICT in Education Survey. #Connected Youth Brazil was developed by the School of the Future Research and Culture Laboratory at the University of São Paulo, NACE EF-USP (www.futuro.usp.br), in association with Telefonica Vivo Foundation Brazil (http://fundacaotelefonicavivo.org.br). The survey interviewed 1,440 Brazilian youngster and also developed focus groups sessions with celebrities and educators plus navigation observation through a special software applied to ten authorized adolescents. 2018 ICT in Education survey was developed by Brazilian Internet Steering Committee and interviewed 11,361 students plus teachers and directors. Main findings are: smartphones to democratize Internet connection; students challenged by fake news and information sources; schools are not the main place of connection and students are autonomous learners regarding media literacy.

Analysis of association between temperament and psychological symptoms using the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) model: An internet-based survey

BackgroundTemperamental characteristics have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers or could help differential diagnosis among psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to explore whether there are specific temperament profiles related to different psychological symptoms, according to the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) model. MethodsWe used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). The sample consisted of 16,495 self-selected volunteers assessed with the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS), Adult Self-Report Inventory (ASRI), and Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS). ResultsAll unstable affective temperaments (cyclothymic, dysphoric, and volatile) correlated, in different intensities, with all psychiatric symptoms assessed. Cyclothymic temperament was mainly related to borderline personality symptoms. Dysphoric and volatile temperament showed an association with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms. Melancholic temperament was associated with major depressive symptoms, and euphoric temperament showed a positive correlation with maniac symptoms. Euthymic and hyperthymic temperaments were negatively correlated with all psychiatric symptoms. In addition, the assessment of the emotional traits of temperament showed that high volition, low anger, low sensitivity, and high control are characteristics that are not related to psychopathology. LimitationsThis study had a cross-sectional design, which does not allow an exact inference of cause and consequence. ConclusionsOur results suggest that temperament assessment using AFECT model may be relevant to assess the risk of developing psychological symptoms over the time. These results strengthen the theoretical framework that psychiatric disorders may be manifestations of the extremes of affective temperaments.

The Association Between Eating-Compensatory Behaviors and Affective Temperament in a Brazilian Population.

Eating-compensatory behaviors are associated with biological and psychological complications, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Different elements may contribute to the development of eating-compensatory behaviors, such as genetic, physiological, environmental, and temperamental factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between affective temperaments and eating-compensatory behaviors. A sample of 27,501 volunteers, between 18 and 55 years old, mean age 28.9 ± 8.7 years (69.6% women), were assessed by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). The results showed that eating-compensatory behaviors were associated with distinctive affective temperaments. Cyclothymic types were more associated with eating-compensatory behaviors. The avoidant and irritable types presented lower percentages of eating-compensatory behaviors in women and men, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlighted that participants who adopted frequent eating-compensatory behaviors are more likely to have dysfunctional affective traits. Consequently, the affective temperaments should be considered as a strategy to build capacity for prevention, treatment, and care of eating-compensatory behaviors.

Acervos digitais e o Uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação em Arquivos Brasileiros

Os arquivos podem contribuir para a ampliação do acesso à cultura por meio do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), sobretudo pela oferta de bens culturais na Internet. A pesquisa TIC Cultura, realizada pelo Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (CGI.br) por meio do Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação (Cetic.br), do Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR (NIC.br), analisa a infraestrutura e os usos dessas tecnologias por equipamentos culturais brasileiros. O artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo para o caso específico dos arquivos, com foco, em especial, nos indicadores sobre a apropriação das TIC para a criação de acervos digitais e sua disponibilização na Internet. Os dados revelam ser este um potencial ainda pouco explorado por estas instituições, que poderia ser mais bem aproveitado com o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para investimento e capacitação para a digitalização de acervos.

RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DE PROVEDORES NA REDE

Diante dos quatro anos em vigor do Marco Civil da Internet e do crescente aumento do uso da rede no País, este artigo visa analisar como o Superior Tribunal de Justiça vem interpretando e aplicando a mencionada norma, bem como contribuir com o estudo e a discussão da responsabilidade civil de provedores por conteúdo de terceiro na Internet. Busca-se que o Marco Civil possa efetivamente servir de instrumento para a proteção de direitos na rede e para a manutenção de uma Internet livre, aberta e democrática. No presente artigo, optou-se por se realizar um recorte temático: a responsabilidade civil do provedor de conexão à internet e, especialmente, do provedor de aplicações de internet por conteúdos inseridos por terceiros. Tema esse que se encontra regulado entre os artigos 18 e 21 da Lei n. 12.965/2014. Quanto às fontes utilizadas, foram analisados, principalmente, julgados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e doutrina nacional. Como conclusão, verificou-se em síntese que o Marco Civil promoveu uma mudança na jurisprudência da mencionada Corte e que ele vem sendo aplicado para os casos de conteúdos publicados após a sua entrada em vigor. Como princípios orientadores do sistema brasileiro de responsabilidade civil dos provedores destacam-se a liberdade de expressão e a inimputabilidade da rede.