Brazilian Food Composition Table Research Articles

Estimated energy and nutrient intake in complementary feeding methods in Brazilian infants: randomized clinical trial

Inadequate nutrient intake during complementary feeding (CF) can affect healthy infant growth and development. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to examine the energy and nutrient intake in Brazilian children randomly assigned to three distinct CF methods. Mother-infant pairs participated in the study, with mothers receiving interventions in one of three CF approaches: (A) strict Parent-Led Weaning (PLW); (B) strict Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS); and (C) a mixed method. Assessments were made at 5.5 months, nine months, and 12 months of the child's age. Food consumption was measured through 24-h dietary recalls at nine and 12 months, with intake estimates calculated using the Brazilian Food Composition Table. Means or medians of energy and nutrients were compared between groups using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. A total of 115 infants were evaluated at nine months, and 102 at 12 months. Children in the PLW, BLISS, and mixed method groups exhibited comparable dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients at both nine and 12 months. Infants following PLW, BLISS, and mixed methods demonstrated similar levels of energy and nutrient intake, underscoring the effectiveness of these strategies in ensuring comparable nutrient intake during the critical phase of CF.Trial registration The trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) with identifier [RBR-229scm U1111-1226-9516], [https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-229scm]. The full data of the first registration was on 24/09/2019.

Adapting a US dietary analysis software and nutrient database for use in Brazil.

In many countries, assessing food and nutrient intake for research and surveillance purposes is difficult due to the lack of comprehensive, country-specific food and nutrient databases and/or a dietary analysis software program. In this case study, we describe the approach used to adapt a United States (US) dietary analysis software and nutrient database (Nutrition Data System for Research [NDSR]) for use in analyzing 24-hour dietary recalls collected for the Brazil Kids Nutrition and Health Study (KNHS). A team of experts that included individuals knowledgeable about Brazil and US eating traditions was assembled to devise solutions for between-country differences in eating habits, food supply, food nomenclature, and language. Solutions devised relied on several key resources, including the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA) and a list of 200 foods commonly consumed in Brazil. These solutions included creating data entry rules that specified how each reported food should be entered into NDSR, creation of User Recipes for foods lacking a close nutritionally matching food in the NDSR database, and adjustment for food fortification differences as part of the analysis of study data. This case study illustrates that NDSR can be adapted for use outside of the United States through a structured process.

NutriPersona: Conception of a computational tool for elaboration of personalized menu from a Brazilian food composition database

Computational tools have been used in nutritional care. In Brazil, all diet evaluation and calculation tools use food composition data from other countries, which can influence the nutrient content of the calculated menus. Another limitation is that they do not automatically generate menus. This study aimed to develop a computational tool to represent the nutritionist’s expertise in elaborating personalized menus using the Nutrient Intake Assessment Database of the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA NIA-DB). The steps for developing the NutriPersona tool included defining the necessary information during the decision-making process, restructuring the TBCA NIA-DB, and developing the algorithm to generate the menus automatically. The steps required to generate the personalized menus were organizing the TBCA NIA-DB food groups, using the finite state machine technique to implement computational strategies to elaborate nutritionally adequate menus, and considering the patient’s preferences. The tool validation was performed by generating 105 menus, which were evaluated by experienced nutritionists (n = 18) and showed 89.2% agreement on suitability for nutritional recommendations and proposed preferences. The NutriPersona tool was effective in simulating the nutritionist’s expertise; it will contribute to optimizing nutritional care and function as a decision support tool.

Limitations in the comparison of the Brazilian National Dietary Surveys of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

ABSTRACTOBJETIVE:To present particular characteristics of two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys (Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação - INA) and the methodology used to better compare their data.METHODS:This study details the differences between both INA conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018. We present the alterations in data collecting methods and food composition tables as well as the analysis strategies recommended to obtain such data. A validation study with 95 participants of the third wave of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health assessed the measurement error associated with the procedures adopted in the 24-hours dietary recall of INA 2017–2018. The reference standards were urinary protein recovery, sodium, and potassium biomarkers. Different strategies were used in the analysis of INA to compare two essential dietary items that had their collection method changed: fats and sugars.RESULTS:The validation study indicated lower underreport in the most recent survey with higher means of energy intake. The correlation of means for the 24-hours recalls with their respective biomarkers was 0.58 for proteins, 0.31 for potassium, and 0.30 for sodium. Comparing the food composition tables used in both surveys with the data obtained by INA 2008-2009, the mean variation of energy, macronutrients, and minerals was lower than 15%, except for trans fats and selenium, which had means 40% and 52% lower in the Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TBCA - Brazilian Food Composition Table). INA 2017–2018 presents lower means for added sugar, using a generic question about the frequency of sugar consumption as a measure for sugar as an additional item.CONCLUSION:The methodological changes promoted in the most recent INA enhanced food groups and nutrients intake estimation, adding detailed and specific data in dietary habits reports.

Biodiversity food dataset: Centralizing chemical composition data to allow the promotion of nutrient‐rich foods in Brazil

Centralizing chemical composition data for biodiverse foods is an important strategy in promoting their consumption. To support this strategy, a dataset of foods based on Brazilian biodiversity was created. The set was based on data for foods produced or commercialized in Brazil; these data were previously compiled for the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA), according to international guidelines. Inclusion criteria were based on the following indicators: (i) foods with description below species level; (ii) wild foods; and (iii) underutilized foods. The dataset contains 1,305 food entries, and the majority correspond to raw plant foods. Nutrient content in foods identified below species level exhibited a wide range of values. Underutilized foods presented similar or higher selected nutrient contents than commonly consumed foods. For instance, depending on the cultivar of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), vitamin A content ranged from a negligible amount to high content (0.33‐ to 3,637‐μg retinol equivalents per 100‐g edible portion on a fresh weight basis [EP]). Camu‐camu (Myrciaria dubia), a fruit from Amazon, was identified as the richest source of vitamin C (2,300 mg of ascorbic acid per 100‐g EP), corresponding to 48‐fold the content of orange. The dataset provides evidence to promote nutrient‐rich foods that may be integrated into more effective programmes and policies on nutrition and food security in Brazil. It can be accessed online, free of charge on the TBCA platform.

12th IFDC 2017 special issue – Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA): Development and functionalities of the online version

The first version of the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA) website was created in 1998. Version 6.0, launched in 2017, was developed collaboratively by the Food Research Center, University of São Paulo and the Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems. It is freely available at www.fcf.usp.br/tbca. The updated version comprises two databases: (i) the Biodiversity and Regional Food Database (TBCA B-DB), which contains analytical data on Brazilian food biodiversity; and (ii) the Nutrient Intake Evaluation Database (TBCA NIE-DB), comprising data on most foods consumed in Brazil, including the content of 34 components. The TBCA NIE-DB presents composition data for more than 3400 foods, including raw foods, manufactured products and composite dishes. The data can be searched by food name in Portuguese or English or by the scientific name. Searches by food group or by component can also be performed, and reports are generated according to the data available and database accessed. A new functionality implemented in the website is the evaluation of energy intake for general users. TBCA NIE-DB is a tool for evaluating nutrient intake for individuals and populations and it assists professionals with dietary prescriptions. Computational tools using TBCA NIE-DB can be developed for various applications, such as generating personalized menus.

12th IFDC 2017 Special issue – Brazilian Nutrient Intake Evaluation Database: An essential tool for estimating nutrient intake data

The Brazilian Food Composition Table’s Nutrient Intake Evaluation Database (TBCA NIE-DB) was created under the coordination of the Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems/University of São Paulo and the Food Research Center (FoRC). The TBCA NIE-DB is intended as a tool for nutritional intake assessment in Brazil. The data collected during the previous years, following the guidelines of the FAO/INFOODS, formed the basis for the TBCA NIE-DB’s elaboration, which prioritized analytical data on Brazilian foods. The elaboration steps included aggregating food with similar descriptions, filling in missing data, collecting recipes for composite dishes and calculating nutrient profiles by applying appropriate yield and nutrient retention factors, and developing the database. Currently, the database comprises data for 3437 food entries, including raw foods, manufactured products, and composite dishes, with 111,027 nutrient values for proximate composition, fat fractions, 10 minerals, and 10 vitamins (34 components). The TBCA NIE-DB is available online for free (www.fcf.usp.br/tbca). Because of its standardization criteria, this database contains nutrient data comparable across countries. Thus, it is a feasible supporting tool for dietary assessment tools, such as the National Dietary Survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (NDS/IBGE), and the recently adapted Brazilian version of the GloboDiet software.

Selected nutrients and antinutrients in peanut cultivars harvested in Brazil.

There are more than 30 peanut cultivars registered in Brazil. However, there are no published data about the content of nutrients and antinutrients even in the most commercially important ones. Therefore, our objective was to characterize commercial peanut cultivars harvested in Brazil by determining proximate and fatty acid composition and content of selected minerals and phytates, saponins and condensed tannins. Significant variations were found among the cultivars for almost all studied nutrients, except Mg. Granoleico and IAC 505 were identified as high oleic. Results were compared with data from the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TACO) and, for this, percentage differences (D%) were calculated. Appreciable D% were found for proteins, lipids, ash, dietary fiber, almost all fatty acids (except 20:0) and almost all studied minerals (except zinc). Moreover, remarkable variations in content of antinutrients were observed. IAC Red Tatu had the highest content of saponins; IAC OL3 and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of phytates; and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of condensed tannins. Results confirm the relevance of differentiating cultivars in the market and in national food composition tables and databases. Furthermore, some of these cultivars may be indicated for new use trends. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sensorial Ability, Mastication and Nutrition of Single-Implant Overdentures Wearers.

The use of two-implant overdentures improves mastication of edentulous elderly patients. However, little is known about the effects of single-implant overdentures (SIO) on oral perception and masticatory function in such elders. This study compared the effects of conventional complete dentures (CD) and SIO on the oral sensorimotor ability (OSA), masticatory function, and nutritional intake of elderly people with residual alveolar mandibular height classified as Class III or IV according to the American College of Prosthodontics. Twelve elders first received new conventional CD, which were later converted to SIO. All variables were evaluated after use of each prosthesis for 2 months. To evaluate OSA, elders closed their eyes and orally identified test pieces prepared from raw carrots. A kinesiographic device was used to measure chewing movements during mastication of a test material (Optocal). Masticatory performance (MP) was determined with the sieving method, and a 3-day food diary verified nutrient intake based on a standard Brazilian Food Composition Table. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Student's paired t test (P < 0.05). OSA results did not differ according to prosthesis type. However, opening and closing velocities during chewing and MP increased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). Although no difference was observed in the intake of most nutrients, sodium ingestion decreased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). SIO use had no effect on OSA, but significantly improved mastication and sodium intake of elders with decreased residual ridges height (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials #RBR-3kgttj).

Análise dos cardápios escolares servidos aos adolescentes da rede educacional do Vale do Guaribas

Este trabalho teve como objetivo, realizar a avaliação quali-quantitativa dos aspectos nutricionais dos cardápios oferecidos a adolescentes em escolas municipais do Vale do Guaribas. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva, do tipo documental executada em escolas de educação básica, de período parcial, das áreas urbana e rural de uma rede de ensino, realizado através do resgate e análise dos cardápios oferecidos no período de julho de 2016 a janeiro de 2017. Os cardápios foram examinados qualitativamente, segundo o Programa Nacional de Educação Escolar. A análise quantitativa ocorreu segundo a Tabela Brasileira de Composição dos Alimentos. Para a verificação da adequação da oferta de macro e micronutrientes, foi escolhida a faixa etária de 11 a 16 anos. Foram encontrados valores inferiores aos exigidos pela lei para carboidratos, lipídeos, proteínas, cálcio, vitamina A, fibras, magnésio e zinco, enquanto que os valores de vitamina C e ferro estavam acima do preconizado. As refeições ofertadas pelas escolas examinadas encontraram-se em desacordo com a legislação vigente, para macro e micronutrientes, suas composições merecem ser reavaliadas.

Apple as sugar substitute in cake

ABSTRACTThe reduction of sugar in food is important for healthy eating without drastically changing eating habits. Fruits can contribute to sweetener the flavor and it can also improve the fiber content and the bioactive compounds, contributing to turn the product healthier. The aims of this study were to evaluate apple as sugar substitute in cake and to analyze nutritional and sensorial aspects. The nutritional composition was evaluated based on the Brazilian Food Composition Table. The sensory analysis was conducted with 9-point hedonic scale. Apples’ puree replacing sugar turned the cake healthier due to the reduction on TEV, lipid and carbohydrates content. It also increased the dietary fiber. There were differences on color, flavor and texture between cakes mean acceptance, but the overall quality means were not statistically different showing the possibility of sugar cane exclusion. Flavor, texture and overall quality of modified samples presented good acceptance by the tasters.

Agreement of dietary fiber and calorie intake values according to the choice of nutrient composition and household measure tables

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the variations in the daily intake of dietary fiber and calories according to the different nutrient composition and homemade measure tables. Methods: Five different methods based on different nutrient composition and household measure tables were used to calculate daily calorie and fiber intake, measured using a food frequency questionnaire, of 633 pregnant women receiving care in primary health care units in the Southern region of Brazil; they were selected to participate in a cohort study. The agreement between the five methods was evaluated using the Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficients. The Nutritional Support Table, a Brazilian traditional food composition table and the Brazilian household expenditure survey were used in Method 1. Brazilian Food Composition Table and the Table for the Assessment of Household Measures (Pinheiro) were used in Methods 2 and 3. The average values of all subtypes of food listed in the Brazilian Food Composition Table for each corresponding item in the food frequency questionnaire were calculated in the method 3. The United States Department of Agriculture Food Composition Table and the table complied by Pinheiro were used in Method 4. The Brazilian Food Composition Table and the Brazilian household expenditure survey were used in Method 5. Results: The highest agreement of calorie intake values were found between Methods 2 and 3 (Kappa=0.94; 0.92-0.95), and the lowest agreement was found between Methods 4 and 5 (Kappa=0.46; 0.42-0.50). As for the fiber intake, the highest agreement was found between Methods 2 and 5 (Kappa=0.87; 0.82-0.90), and the lowest agreement was observed between Methods 1 and 4 (Kappa=0.36; 0.3-0.43). Conclusion: Considerable differences were found between the nutritional composition tables. Therefore, the choice of the table can influence the comparability between studies.

Most consumed processed foods by patients on hemodialysis: Alert for phosphate-containing additives and the phosphate-to-protein ratio

Hyperphosphatemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages IV and V because of decreased phosphorus excretion. Phosphatemia is closely related to dietary intake. Thus, a better understanding of sources of dietary phosphate consumption, absorption and restriction, particularly inorganic phosphate found in food additives, is key to prevent consequences of this complication. Our aims were to investigate the most commonly consumed processed foods by patients with CKD on hemodialysis, to analyze phosphate and protein content of these foods using chemical analysis and to compare these processed foods with fresh foods. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study using food frequency questionnaires to rank the most consumed industrialized foods and beverages. Total phosphate content was determined by metavanadate colorimetry, and nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Protein amounts were estimated from nitrogen content. The phosphate-to-protein ratio (mg/g) was then calculated. Processed meat protein and phosphate content were compared with the nutritional composition of fresh foods using the Brazilian Food Composition Table. Phosphate measurement results were compared with data from the Food Composition Table- Support for Nutritional Decisions. An α level of 5% was considered significant. Food frequency questionnaires were performed on 100 patients (mean age, 59±14 years; 57% male). Phosphate additives were mentioned on 70% of the product labels analyzed. Proteins with phosphate-containing additives provided approximately twice as much phosphate per gram of protein compared with that of fresh foods (p<0.0001). Protein and phosphate content of processed foods are higher than those of fresh foods, as well as phosphate-to-protein ratio. A better understanding of phosphate content in foods, particularly processed foods, may contribute to better control of phosphatemia in patients with CKD.

How do calculation method and food data source affect estimates of vitamin A content in foods and dietary intake?

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the calculation method and food data source on estimates of vitamin A content in foods and in dietary intake. The Brazilian Vitamin A Database (BVAD) was elaborated using compiled data on retinol and carotenoids in Brazilian foods. Vitamin A was calculated with and/or without separating β-carotene isomers. Estimates of vitamin A intake and data on 16 plant foods were compared using data from BVAD, USDA National Nutrient Database and Brazilian Food Composition Table (TACO). Percentage difference (D%) was calculated to evaluate data variability. Calculated vitamin A values with and without separating β-carotene isomers (BVAD) were consistent in most of the evaluated foods and did not impact on vitamin A intake estimates. BVAD data were consistent with TACO analytical data in 81% of the selected foods and only in 37.5% with data from the USDA. Estimates of vitamin A intake calculated by Brazilian databases were similar, while by USDA the results were quite different. Therefore, the use of values for β-carotene without isomer separation in databases did not affect vitamin A data consistency, however, the use data from different countries to evaluate vitamin A intake may result in inaccurate values.

Compilation of mineral data: Feasibility of updating the food composition database

The analysis of food components to create national databases is costly and time-consuming; thus, it is necessary to ensure that data compilation in these databases is performed accurately to ensure widespread availability. This research aims to create a Brazilian mineral database (BMD), using an accurate compilation of national information, and to evaluate data coherence by comparing the BMD to two other sources of food composition data. The information was compiled according to the guidelines proposed by the International Network of Food Data Systems. The BMD contains data for 22 minerals of 860 different foods. The data for calcium, iron, zinc and sodium of 15 foods from the BMD were compared with the analytical data available in the USDA National Nutrient Database (USDA) and in the Brazilian Food Composition Table (Taco), which contains data obtained by direct analysis of a representative national sampling. The comparison of the BMD with USDA data resulted in a high percentage of inconsistent values (62%) that result from the different profiles of foods and products consumed in each country and the ecosystem diversity. Moreover, the comparison with the Taco data resulted in consistent values for most evaluated mineral data (59%). Therefore, the compilation of national food data represents a feasible alternative for updating the Brazilian mineral database.

Extração assistida por ultrassom para determinação de Fe, K e Na em amostras de achocolatado em pó

Nos últimos anos o consumo de achocolatados tem aumentado, principalmente pelo público infantil. Dessa maneira o controle de qualidade do produto em relação a sua composição, principalmente quanto à concentração dos minerais, torna-se importante para facilitar a escolha do produto pelo consumidor. Um método simples e rápido para a determinação de Fe, K e Na em amostras de achocolatado utilizando extração assistida por ultrassom foi proposto. As análises foram realizadas por fotometria de chama e espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização em chama (FAAS). O método proposto mostrou-se simples, rápido e preciso, apresentando limites de detecção (LOD) para o método de 10 mg.100g-1 para K e Na e 0,2 mg.100g-1 para Fe, e valores de RSD menores que 13%. Foram analisadas 10 amostras de achocolatado em pó de diferentes marcas e as concentrações obtidas comparadas aos valores estabelecidos pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO) e aos valores informados nos rótulos dos produtos. Os resultados obtidos, para a maioria das amostras, não estavam de acordo com os valores estabelecidos na tabela TACO e com os valores informados nos rótulos.

Consumo de energia e macronutrientes no lanche escolar de adolescentes de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

Objetivo:Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 200 adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos de duas escolas, sendo uma pública e outra privada. Realizaram-se recordatórios alimentares específicos do lanche escolar referentes aos últimos três dias em que os participantes estiveram na escola. As contribuições calóricas de carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas foram analisadas com base nas Dietary Reference Intakes(DRI). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo software Stata 10.0. Para as comparações entre alunos de escola pública e privada e entre os sexos, foram utilizados os testes t de Student e do χ2. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5%.Resultados:O consumo de lanche escolar foi relatado por 69,5% dos adolescentes. A maioria adquiria esse lanche nas cantinas das escolas: privada (76,0%) e pública (51,0%). Adolescentes de escolas públicas tiveram maior consumo de energia (338,7 versus 286,3 kcal; p=0,043) e carboidratos (52,5 versus 39,3 g; p=0,006). A adequação dos macronutrientes apareceu em metade da amostra: carboidratos (43,9%), proteínas (43,2%) e lipídeos (49,6%). Alunos de escola pública apresentaram maior adequação de carboidratos (p&lt;0,001) e de lipídeos (p&lt;0,001). Meninos apresentaram maior adequação da contribuição calórica de proteínas (55,6 versus 32,9%; p=0,007), enquanto as meninas tiveram maior adequação de carboidratos (52,6 versus 33,3%; p=0,005) e de lipídeos (61,8 versus 34,9%; p=0,006).Conclusão: A inadequação dos macronutrientes mostrou-se elevada no grupo, o que sugere a baixa qualidade do lanche consumido por esses adolescentes.

Implant retainers for free‐end removable partial dentures affect mastication and nutrient intake

This study measured swallowing threshold parameters and nutrient intake in partially dentate subjects rehabilitated by conventional free-end removable partial dentures (RPD) and by RPD over posterior implant retainers and ball attachments (BA). Eight subjects (two men and six women; mean age 60.1 ± 6.6 years old) received conventional total maxillary dentures and free-end RPD in the mandible. Two months after denture insertion, swallowing threshold and nutrient intake assessments occurred, which included an evaluation of the number of masticatory cycles and medium particle size (X₅₀) of a silicone test material (Optocal). A 3-day food diary verified nutrient intake based on a standard Brazilian Food Composition Table. Then, osseointegrated implants were placed bilaterally in the mandibular first molar region, followed by BA, which was fitted in the RPD bases after healing. After 2 months of the RPD over implants and BA use, variables were again assessed. Wilcoxon signed rank tests evaluated the data (P < 0.05). Masticatory cycles did not differ (P > 0.05); however, subjects showed decreased X₅₀ values at the swallowing moment (P = 0.008) and increased daily energy (P = 0.008), carbohydrate (P = 0.016), protein (P = 0.023), calcium (P = 0.008), fiber (P = 0.016), and iron (P = 0.016) intake with RPD implants and BA inserts. No differences were found in fat consumption (P > 0.05). Implants and BA retainers over a free-end RPD resulted in smaller swallowed median particle size and improved nutrient intake.

Consumo de charque e técnicas de dessalga adotadas por uma população de hipertensos da região nordeste do Brasil

ObjetivoDescrever o impacto de técnicas de dessalga sobre o teor de sal no charque consumido por hipertensos nordestinos.MétodosEstudo transversal com 404 hipertensos. Mediante consentimento, aplicou-se questionário sobre frequência, quantidade consumida e técnicas de dessalga do charque empregadas pela população. Por meio da "técnica de determinação de cloretos", foi analisado o impacto das técnicas mais citadas sobre o teor de sal no alimento e comparadas àquela considerada padrão neste estudo (Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, 2006), que reduz em 75% o teor de cloretos.ResultadosEntre as 69,0% mulheres e 31,0% homens com idade média de 57,5 e desvio-padrão de 13,6 anos, 74,0% (299/404) referiu consumir charque, sendo 63,5% semanalmente (190/299) e 23,0% diariamente (69/299), num consumo per capita de 34g/dia e 160g/dia, respectivamente. A técnica de dessalga mais utilizada, por 67,0% da população, foi a fervura. Ferver duas vezes e lavar uma vez atingiu a maior redução de cloretos (57,0%). Verificou-se que: (1) para 63,5% da população, o charque contribui com 37,0% da recomendação de sódio, considerando a técnica utilizada nesta pesquisa, para 21,0% que utiliza a técnica descrita na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, e (2) para os 23,0% (consumo diário), o charque sozinho atinge 169,0% das recomendações considerando a nossa técnica e atingiria 97,9% com a técnica descrita na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos.ConclusãoO charque é um alimento frequentemente consumido por essa população e constitui na dieta uma importante fonte de sal, manipulável por diferentes técnicas de dessalga. A maior redução no conteúdo de sal ocorreu após a aplicação das técnicas que utilizavam a fervura do charque, no entanto em níveis menores que o padrão adotado pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Recomenda-se analisar as outras técnicas referidas (22,0% da população), diminuir o per capita dos 160g/dia e adotar a dessalga descrita na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos, que obtém maior redução de cloretos.

Comparison of proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of common Brazilian and US foods

Because food analysis is costly and laborious, analytical data are frequently borrowed from tables of developed countries and incorporated in tables of developing countries. Taking advantage of the new Brazilian table of food composition, which is based on representative national sampling and actual analyses, an attempt is made to gain an insight into the adequacy of this practice by comparing data from the Brazilian and US tables in terms of the proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of 19 selected foods, common to both countries. For proximate composition, data agreement is excellent for dry whole milk; good for condensed milk, dry nonfat instant milk and canned peas; and fairly good for black beans, milk chocolate, lentils, oats, long-grain white rice and wheat flour. Greater variation is seen with minerals and vitamins. In terms of minerals, agreement is very good only for dry whole milk, good for black beans and canned peas; fairly good with milk chocolate, lentils, wheat flour and natural yogurt. For vitamins, agreement can be considered good only for wheat crackers and yogurt and fairly good for condensed milk and dry whole milk. The comparison indicates that data may be borrowed for proximate composition provided the foods are equivalent. However, caution must be taken in borrowing data for micronutrients.