Sensorial Ability, Mastication and Nutrition of Single-Implant Overdentures Wearers.

Camilla Fraga Do Amaral,Gustavo Almeida Souza,Mayara Abreu Pinheiro,Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia,Camila Heitor Campos

doi:10.1590/0103-6440201902086

Camilla Fraga Do Amaral, Gustavo Almeida Souza + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902086

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Abstract

The use of two-implant overdentures improves mastication of edentulous elderly patients. However, little is known about the effects of single-implant overdentures (SIO) on oral perception and masticatory function in such elders. This study compared the effects of conventional complete dentures (CD) and SIO on the oral sensorimotor ability (OSA), masticatory function, and nutritional intake of elderly people with residual alveolar mandibular height classified as Class III or IV according to the American College of Prosthodontics. Twelve elders first received new conventional CD, which were later converted to SIO. All variables were evaluated after use of each prosthesis for 2 months. To evaluate OSA, elders closed their eyes and orally identified test pieces prepared from raw carrots. A kinesiographic device was used to measure chewing movements during mastication of a test material (Optocal). Masticatory performance (MP) was determined with the sieving method, and a 3-day food diary verified nutrient intake based on a standard Brazilian Food Composition Table. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Student's paired t test (P < 0.05). OSA results did not differ according to prosthesis type. However, opening and closing velocities during chewing and MP increased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). Although no difference was observed in the intake of most nutrients, sodium ingestion decreased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). SIO use had no effect on OSA, but significantly improved mastication and sodium intake of elders with decreased residual ridges height (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials #RBR-3kgttj).

Highlights

Complete denture (CD) wearers with severely loss of bone height may present chewing problems due to the lack of retention and stability of the mandibular dentures [1], which could negatively impact food selection and nutritional intake among elderly individuals, reflecting in their frailty process [2]
This study aimed to elucidate the ability of single-implant overdenture (SIO) insertion to influence oral perceptions, masticatory function and nutritional intake of older people with loss of residual ridges height
The results showed that SIO use did not influence oral sensorimotor ability (OSA) in such subjects

Summary

Introduction

Complete denture (CD) wearers with severely loss of bone height may present chewing problems due to the lack of retention and stability of the mandibular dentures [1], which could negatively impact food selection and nutritional intake among elderly individuals, reflecting in their frailty process [2]. Sensory innervation involves receptors in periodontal ligament, oral mucosa, muscles of mastication, and the temporomandibular joints [4]. In the absence of teeth, spatial control of jaw movements during mastication is impaired and masticatory forces are reduced in elders [3]. Oral motor ability may be impaired because of the absence of proprioception from the periodontal ligament and the denture’s coverage of some receptors [1]. To improve the masticatory function and food comminution of elders with loss of residual ridges height, overdentures with two mandibular implants have been used [6]. SIO use has been reported to improve patients’ masticatory efficiency, satisfaction, and quality of life [8,9], little is known about whether it can improve nutrient intake among elderly people

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