Brazilian Electricity Sector Research Articles

Mensuração da capacidade absortiva: um estudo nas empresas brasileiras fabricantes de coletores solares

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva avaliar as empresas brasileiras fabricantes de coletores solares sob a óptica de sua capacidade absortiva (CA) de novo conhecimento tecnológico e da inovação decorrente da assimilação e da transformação desse conhecimento, com vistas à fabricação de equipamento de condicionamento de ar acionado por energia gerada por coletores solares de alta capacidade. Trata-se de artigo de importância relevante dada a atual conjuntura do setor elétrico brasileiro e diante da necessidade de se buscarem alternativas que combinem soluções de eficiência energética e utilização de energia oriunda de novas fontes, especificamente a solar. O referencial teórico aborda os conceitos de CA, bem como as formas de avaliá-la e mensurá-la. Para concretizar a avaliação da CA desses fabricantes, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicando-se um instrumento de diagnóstico adaptado à realidade das empresas fabricantes de coletores solares instaladas no Brasil. Conclui-se, a partir dos resultados dessa pesquisa, que essas empresas ainda não possuem CA madura para o desenvolvimento de um produto inovador, apresentando uma maior tendência para a dimensão potencial da CA, quando comparada com a dimensão realizada. Essa constatação corrobora as perspectivas de desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) futuros, se fortalecida a aptidão das empresas respondentes na promoção de interações com outras organizações voltadas a esse propósito.

Reducing Intermittence of Renewable Energy Sources with Seasonal-Pumped-Storage Plants

This paper presents a computational method to model and evaluate if Pumped Storage Plants (PSP) have the potential to reduce the intermittency of wind generation from different sites in Brazil and to improve the operation efficiency of hydroelectric plants when operating in cascade. Since the problem to be solved does not have a defined analytic solution, a Stochastic Optimization Algorithm was implemented to reach an optimal solution to the set of equations, inputs and proposed scenarios. A case study was developed based on the Parana River Basin and the results shows that the model can operate in a variety of different operational patterns, making feasible the evaluation of different hydrological and wind scenarios. Given the Model support, it is easy to assume different PSP storage and generation capacities, allowing the comparison between the efficiency improvement of a conventional Pumped-Storage and a Season-al-Pumped-Storage in the same scenario. The study concludes that a PSP can effectively reduce the intermittency of wind and solar sources and contribute to the optimization of the Brazilian electricity sector.

Informational socialization for knowledge creation in the electrical and electronics sector

The factors involved in socialization that contribute to the processes of knowledge creation and innovation in the Brazilian electrical and electronics sector are presented. Managers of three hierarchical levels (strategic, tactical and operational) were selected as subjects of study. A Likert-type scale containing five variations, ranging from 'none' to 'many times' was applied in three medium-sized and big-sized plants, constituting a total 53 (fifty-three) respondents. Thus, the identification of aspects of socialization linked to the construction of knowledge, led to infer that there is such a socio-cultural process, which acts on innovation. Socialization occurs in the researched organizations through the use of various tactics, informal and formal, institutionalized and individual. The study of the contributions lead to a discussion on the process of inclusion of individuals in a given context as influential to construct knowledge focused on innovation. The influence of socialization is perceived, especially in behaviors of seeking, construction and sharing with peers and superiors. These factors support knowledge creation and innovation.

The Future Expansion of HVDC Power Transmission in Brazil: A Scenario-Based Economic Evaluation

We discuss the expected future needs of the Brazilian electric grid operators for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines against the background of a changing electricity sector in Brazil. On account of the spatial mismatch between the additional generation potential and the expected future electricity demand, a need for investments in long-distance transmission capacity is postulated. Due to the low losses incurred, HVDC technology is particularly suitable for this. For the analysis, we use different expansion scenarios for the year 2035 that are mainly based on hydropower or alternative renewable energy sources (primarily wind and solar power). Linear optimization is used to determine the optimal HVDC transmission lines to connect regions. The results show that large investments in HVDC transmission are needed, especially in the case of hydropower expansion, and that transmission capacity is a critical factor in the process of expanding the renewable energy generation capacity in Brazil.

Análise de viabilidade econômica regulatória à criação de cooperativa de consumo de energia elétrica – o caso do setor elétrico brasileiro na segunda década do século XXI

O setor elétrico brasileiro vem enfrentando problemas, nos últimos anos, para conciliar a demanda crescente de energia com restrições hidrológicas e econômicas. Neste cenário, o governo (como agente econômico regulatório principal) vem tomando decisões que visam, primariamente, garantir a estabilidade de suprimento de energia ao País, ações estas que ao mesmo tempo em que resolvem problemas importantes para o mercado regulado e, consequentemente, à população, geram impactos indiretos para o mercado livre de energia. De forma complementar aos modelos de comercialização existentes atualmente, este trabalho avalia a viabilidade da implantação do modelo de cooperativa de consumo à comercialização de energia elétrica no mercado livre brasileiro, como forma de mitigar riscos e reduzir restrições existentes para pequenos e médios consumidores. Para isso, além de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos aplicáveis, são explorados dados reais sobre preço da energia elétrica, o seu consumo e sua demanda futura. Assim, concluiu-se que a criação de uma cooperativa de consumo de energia elétrica (para o cenário brasileiro atual – século XXI) é viável do ponto de vista econômico e regulatório, podendo oferecer diversos serviços à garantia do suprimento e à redução do custo de energia elétrica para seus cooperados.

La multiterritorialización del conflicto de las hidroeléctricas: los reasentamientos como puntos de empoderamiento del movimiento de los afectados por represas

El sector eléctrico brasileño, de matriz predominantemente hídrica, produce impactos socio ambientales, entre los cuales destaca el desplazamiento forzoso de las poblaciones locales. La des-territorialización y re-territorialización provocada por las hidroeléctricas producen un proceso social de “multiterritorialización” del conflicto. Este trabajo discute este conflicto, que involucra a consorcios de empresas constructoras y al Movimiento de Afectados por Represas (MAB), como cuestionador de estas obras. El objetivo es analizar en qué medida los reasentamientos organizados por el MAB con origen en la construcción de una central hidroeléctrica, potencian las acciones del movimiento contra las futuras construcciones. Con una mezcla de investigación cualitativa y datos cuantitativos, presentamos el caso de la cuenca del río Uruguay, para demostrar que, aunque representen puntos de empoderamiento, el potencial de los reasentamientos necesita ser relativizado desde el punto de vista de un proceso social más amplio.

The Leadership Process During an Organizational Crisis

This article reports results of a qualitative study that examined the leadership process during an organizational crisis in the Brazilian electrical sector. The studied organization is a company involved with the generation and distribution of electric energy, which faced a crisis because of the rupture of electricity-distribution cables that affected the energy supply chain for a whole city, during approximately 52 hours. In this context, the authors analyzed the crisis’ stages and the organizational crisis management phases, in order to identify the leadership tasks adopted by organizational leaders during the crisis response. The major challenges brought with the crisis were identified and it was analyzed the leadership tasks used to address challenges: sensemaking, decision making, meaning making, terminating and learning.

Economic Valuation Methods: The Perception of the Accountants of the Hydroeletric Power Sector in Brazil

The aim of the present study was to verify how accountants perceive the electric power companies in Brazil, regarding the use of economic valuation methods for measuring environmental impacts on hydroelectric power generation. These methods would be used in the internalisation of impacts in compliance with accounting theory criteria of recognition, measurement and disclosure of relevant economic activities. This is an exploratory study based on the conclusion regarding the collected data from a questionnaire answered by accountants, who worked in the electric power sector and were members of the Brazilian Electric Power Sector Accountants Association (ABRACONEE). The research showed that 74% of respondents were accountants or accounting analysts, 92% of them believed that companies should account for (internalise) environmental impacts caused by their activities, and 75% of them believed that this task should be based on detailed and specific norms determining what should be done and when and how to do it. Despite their high level of accounting knowledge and complete familiarity with the changes determined by the Brazilian Securities Commission, respondents adopted a conservative stance in relation to the use of estimated values or those obtained in hypothetical markets. The study revealed the existence of a vast field of research that has yet to be explored by accounting in the field of environmental accounting, especially in terms of both measurement and recognition of environmental impacts caused by diverse economic activities.

BLAMING THE WEATHER, BLAMING THE PEOPLE: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND A CRISIS ATTITUDE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR

Abstract The governance of natural resources is intrinsically linked with the governance of people. However, in practice, social aspects are often viewed as secondary to more technical and pressing issues in the implementation of projects such as dams. The use of water for electricity production in Brazil is a cas d'excellence that exemplifies how the bypassing of socio-environmental safeguards and democratic participation of affected people leads to conflicts. These conflicts delay infrastructure works, such as the Belo Monte Dam, that are found to be crucial for the equilibrium of electricity supply. Recently, social manifestation have become the scapegoat for the sector's crisis. This article discussed the "electricity crisis" from a historical policy analysis perspective. It concludes that the present disregard for social and environmental procedures is a self-inflicted disease that only contributes to the longer-term state of conflicts in the expansion of the electricity sector in Brazil.

Monetisation model of intangible attributes observed in research, development and innovation projects: application in the electricity sector in Brazil

The main objective of this study is the application of a technology assessment process for generating monetary value to research and development (R&D) projects, especially in the electricity sector in Brazil. The use of a monetary value model to assess the technology in R&D is, in practice, still incipient because there is not a single universally applicable method, regardless of differences in the technological and market aspects. An adequate method should be based on an integration module, with individual modules focusing on specific tasks. For this purpose, some aspects of the three basic approaches of the monetary value model have to be revised and their advantages and disadvantages have to be discussed, to propose a detailed procedure for the new assessment method. Finally, we applied the proposed method to two cases to illustrate the practical use and ensure the method's viability.

Wind and Solar Power in Brazil and China: Interests, State–Business Relations, and Policy Outcomes

This article examines developments in the renewable electricity sector in Brazil and China since 2000. The two countries share many interests with respect to solar and wind power, but institutional differences in state–business relations led to different outcomes. In China, in a context of corporatist state–business relations, state interventions were more far-reaching, with the state coordinating with state-owned banks, offering large financial and investment incentives to state-owned or state-connected enterprises. By contrast, in Brazil’s public–private partnerships, state support to promote renewable energies was shaped by a stronger preference for competitive auctions and stricter financing rules. The differences in state–business relations help explain the observed developmental trajectories in wind and solar power.

A mudança da carreira dos dirigentes após o processo de privatização: estudo de caso no setor elétrico paulista

Esta pesquisa investiga como uma companhia muda após o processo de privatização, e como esta mudança acaba por influenciar sua total estrutura. Para tanto, o escopo desta pesquisa se concentrou em um estudo exploratório na AES Eletropaulo. A importância central do estudo no setor elétrico brasileiro é que esse setor tem sido sujeito a transformações mais radicais na financeirização desde 1990. No entanto, nenhuma pesquisa sobre as carreiras construídas de dirigentes nesse contexto brasileiro tem sido feita até agora. Como procedimento de pesquisa deste trabalho, combinaram-se os métodos quantitativo e qualitativo. A fim de analisar a carreira dos dirigentes da AES Eletropaulo, foram coletados os currículos do Conselho Administrativo e da Diretoria, desde o seu surgimento como empresa estatal em 1979, até o ano de 2012. Foi aplicada uma análise de correspondência múltipla para estudar esses currículos. Além disso, para complementar a pesquisa, foi realizada uma entrevista com o ex-presidente da empresa estudada. Como resultado, foi possível observar uma série de transformações que a AES Eletropaulo sofreu, principalmente que os dirigentes dessa empresa tiveram que buscar formas de reconstruir suas carreiras de acordo com a nova lógica do momento, voltada para financeira.

Portfolio optimization in zonal energy markets: Evidence from Italy

International Journal of Energy and StatisticsVol. 03, No. 02, 1550006 (2015) No AccessPortfolio optimization in zonal energy markets: Evidence from ItalyEmmanuel Senyo FianuEmmanuel Senyo FianuLeuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststr. 1 21335, Lüneburg, Germany Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S2335680415500064Cited by:2 Next AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractThis paper examines different types of optimization techniques and provides a spatial analysis of energy prices. The last decade has seen an increasing interest in deregulated energy markets. There are few papers, to the author's knowledge, that have considered portfolio optimization, however not in the Italian zonal energy market since deregulation. In deregulated energy markets with zonal pricing the market is partitioned into a number of zones, each of which is assigned a market price to which market participants react to at any given point in time. The paper investigates with emphasis on portfolio theory accounting for the initial capital requirement for the various zones in the Italian energy market and computes the optimal allocation weights needed in the various zones to mitigate the risk inherent in the market. The market risk subsequently affects the zonal prices since these prices combine to bring about the single national electricity price (prezzo unico d'acquisto, PUN). Implementing a modified version of the Mean–Variance portfolio theory, we draw policy implications based on the empirical evidence providing good risk management strategy for market participants.Keywords:Electricity spot pricesportfolio theoryportfolio optimizationzonal pricing References H. M. Markowitz, Journal of Finance 7(1), 77 (1952). Crossref, Google Scholar H. M. Markowitz , Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments ( John Wiley & Sons , New York , 1959 ) . Google ScholarW. Sharpe, The Journal of Finance 19(3), 425 (1964). Crossref, Google ScholarJ. Lintner, The Review of Economics and Statistics 47(1), 13 (1965). Crossref, Google ScholarD. Bar-Lev and S. Katz, The Journal of Finance 31(3), 933 (1976). Crossref, Google ScholarH. Humphreys and K. McClain, The Energy Journal 19(3), 107 (1998). Google Scholar Awerbuch, S. and Berger, M. (2003). Energy security and diversity in the EU: A mean-variance portfolio approach. IEA Research Paper . Google ScholarL. Marzano, A. Melo and R. Souza, An approach for portfolio optimization of energy contracts in the brazilian electric sector, In: 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings (2003) p. 3. Google ScholarZ. Yu, Energy Economics 25(3), 255 (2003). Crossref, Google ScholarZ. Yu, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 29(8), 600 (2007). Crossref, Google ScholarF. Roques, D. Newbery and W. Nuttall, Energy Economics 30(4), 1831 (2008). Crossref, Google Scholar L. Grossi and F. Laurini , Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 1 ( 2011 ) . Google Scholar M. Bjørndal and K. Jørnsten , The Energy Journal 51 ( 2001 ) . Google Scholar Villumsen, J. (2011). Modelling zonal pricing design under uncertainty in electricity markets. Technical Report, DTU Management . Google Scholar Á. Lorca and J. Prina , Electric Power Systems Research 109 , 80 ( 2014 ) . Crossref, Google ScholarR. Rockafellar and S. Uryasev, Journal of Banking & Finance 26(7), 1443 (2002). Crossref, Google Scholar F. Boffa and V. Pingali , Unpublished Manuscript ( 2006 ) . Google ScholarE. Guerci and A. Sapio, Revue de l'OFCE 124(5), 415 (2012). Crossref, Google ScholarA. Gaivoronski and G. Pflug, Journal of Risk 7(2), 1 (2005). Crossref, Google Scholar S. T. Rachev , S. V. Stoyanov and F. J. Fabozzi , Advanced Stochastic Models, Risk Assessment, and Portfolio Optimization: The Ideal Risk, Uncertainty, and Performance Measures ( John Wiley & Sons , New York , 2008 ) . Google ScholarS. Korkmaz, D. Goksuluk and G. Zararsiz, The R Journal 6(2), 151 (2014). Crossref, Google Scholar Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles! Check out these titles in energy issues! FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 2Modeling risk contagion in the Italian zonal electricity marketEmmanuel Senyo Fianu, Daniel Felix Ahelegbey and Luigi Grossi1 Apr 2022 | European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 298, No. 2A Network Framework of Investigating Systemic Risk in Zonal Energy MarketsEmmanuel Senyo Fianu and Luigi Grossi1 Jan 2016 | SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 105 Recommended Vol. 03, No. 02 Metrics History Received 27 January 2015 Revised 28 February 2015 Accepted 3 March 2015 Published: 30 June 2015 KeywordsElectricity spot pricesportfolio theoryportfolio optimizationzonal pricingPDF download

The PAR(p) Interconfigurations model used by the Brazilian Electric Sector

Abstract This study discusses the characteristics of the Periodic Autoregressive model, PAR(p), which is used to generate synthetic series of inflow energies that serve as entries for computer platforms that implement the planning and expansion of the operations of the BES – the Brazilian Electric Sector (SEB – Sistema Eletrico Brasileiro). The methodology for the design of a generating plant is presented in addition to the fundamentals of the “PAR(p) Interconfigurations” Model, which is referred to as the Inflow Energy Generation Model (IEGM) in this study. The major contribution of this study is to provide the first scientific discussion of the representation of multiple configurations using the PAR(p) model. For this purpose, several topics related to the time series are discussed, such as the definition of the model order, the matter of stationarity and the need to address possible outliers . Finally, a case study is presented, wherein the results of the estimation and generation of the described model’s scenarios are demonstrated.

Avaliação do risco regulatório em pesquisa & desenvolvimento no setor elétrico brasileiro

O artigo propõe metodologia de avaliação ex-ante de projetos de P&D&I do setor elétrico, incorporada a uma ferramenta de análise multicritério, com foco em risco. A P&D do setor elétrico é regulada pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) e obriga as empresas a investirem parte de sua Receita Operacional Líquida (ROL) em P&D&I. A imposição de P&D&I ao setor levou suas empresas a buscarem formas de alocar recursos em projetos que tentam harmonizar o contexto regulatório com seus direcionadores de mercado, forçando-as a estruturarem em suas rotinas uma gestão da inovação que mitigasse riscos regulatórios. Uma forma de se viabilizar essa mitigação é o uso de metodologias de seleção de projetos capazes de ponderar múltiplos elementos, de certo modo, antagônicos. A PiTech, Prioritization in Technology, é uma ferramenta de análise multivariada paramétrica, flexível e propícia a essa ponderação. Neste artigo, aplicaram-se critérios operacionais, mercadológicos e regulatórios, em múltiplas combinações, para 19 projetos de um grupo empresarial de energia elétrica. A ferramenta mostrou-se útil ao permitir aos tomadores de decisão verificarem a pertinência de investimento em 16 projetos, totalizando R$ 61 milhões em 2010, com riscos de glosa minimizados e concomitante aderência a interesses empresariais.

The stochastic effects on the Brazilian Electrical Sector

The size and characteristics of the Brazilian Electrical Sector (BES) are unique. The system includes a large-scale hydrothermal power system with many hydroelectric plants and multiple owners. Due to the historical harnessing of natural resources, the National Interconnected System (NIS) was developed outside of the economic scale of the BES. The central components of the NIS enable energy generated in any part of Brazil to be consumed in distant regions, considering certain technical configurations. This interconnection results in a large-scale complex system and is controlled by robust computational models, used to support the planning and operation of the NIS. This study presents a different vision of the SEB, demonstrating the intrinsic relationship between hydrological stochasticity and the activities executed by the system, which is an important sector of the infrastructure in Brazil. The simulation of energy scenarios is crucial to the optimal manner to operate the sector and to supporting decisions about whether expansion is necessary, thus, avoiding unnecessary costs and/or losses. These scenarios are an imposing factor in the determination of the spot cost of electrical energy, given that the simulated quantities of water in the reservoirs are one of the determinants for the short-term energy price.

A gênese e a permanência da crise do setor elétrico no Brasil

This paper reviews the causes and consequences of the crisis for the electricity sector in Brazil from the market reform introduced by the government FHC, the adjustment promoted by the Lula government in 2004, and the failed attempt by the government Rousseff 2012. The costs arising from the lack of effective planning and of efficient criteria for contracting expansion of capacity, the deficiencies in the representation of plants for the operation led to a path of skyrocketing tariffs, mistrust in the capacity of ensuring energy supply, public property destruction, and loans to be paid by consumers in the future. The main conclusion is that we need a deep review of the organizational structure, management, planning, operation and maintenance of the Brazilian electric system.

Setor elétrico: mimetismo, fragmentação e suas sequelas

This article attempts to show that the current crisis experienced by the Brazilian electrical sector is not only related to unexpected hydrological droughts. Although one needs to take into account the relatively severe hydric constraints, the critical signs had already been evidenced about four years ago. Despite the enormous differences of the Brazilian case, several misguided policies have been implemented here under strong inspiration of the type of market model adopted, influenced by a mimicry of thermal-based systems. This adaptation modeling generates a highly volatile market where paltry and priceless values come one after another. The crisis is far from being over, since the structural basis of the model is not being questioned.

Uma revisão histórica do planejamento do setor elétrico brasileiro

The Brazilian electrical power sector has been going through successive reviews and reforms in the past 30 years. Although those reforms have, in theory, always been meant to better and more extensively meet the needs of society, in practice that result has not always been given top billing. Even though guarantee of security of supply has been given a top priority rating, it has been changed throughout that string of changes in the management model for the sector. Currently, in a scenario of expansion planning and operation of high complexity, that criterion features the character of the Brazilian singularity in face of the international scenario, and a persistent threat of a “crisis” in the provision of electric energy hovers over society. With that as a background, this article draws a historical picture of the planning process of the electrical power sector as it concerns to the importance ascribed to security of supply.

Expansão da capacidade do atendimento de ponta no Sistema Interligado Brasileiro

Within the current regulatory model of the Brazilian electricity sector, the lack of specific regulation for the market power reserve services in the long term leads to the underestimation of generation assets, especially in cases where additional investment would enable increasing the installed capacity of existing hydroelectric plants at low cost. A correct evaluation of such investment would have important consequences in the medium term, it would reduce the social energy shortage costs, both preventive, reflected by thermal dispatch, as well corrective, incurred in the recovery of production losses and others due to long-duration interruptions of energy supply.