Brazilian Adult Research Articles

A PREVALÊNCIA DA DOR LOMBAR E FATORES DE RISCO NA POPULAÇÃO ADULTA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a discomfort in the lower region of the spine, with an overall prevalence of 80%, often associated with absenteeism and limitations. Influenced by biopsychosocial factors, it is a public health problem in Brazil, with a high economic and social impact. Pourpose: To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain, and its impacts on the quality of life of the Brazilian population. Methods: This is an integrative review using SciELO and PubMed databases, with descriptors in Portuguese and English between the months of August and October 2024. It included cross-sectional and retrospective studies on low back pain, prevalence, and risk factors in Brazilian adults. Articles from other countries, non-adult populations, studies different from the criteria, pregnant women, spine surgeries were excluded. Results: The results indicated a significant prevalence in women, among the most prevalent risk factors for low back pain were: age over 25 years, low educational level, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, marital status and negative perception of health. In addition, exposure to activities with long periods of standing and heavy lifting was relevant. Conclusion: This review identified a high prevalence of low back pain in the Brazilian adult population and risk factors, with a negative impact on quality of life. The limitation in the number of studies included highlights the need for more research and greater understanding on the part of health professionals, the need for prevention and management strategies aimed at public health for better management of this condition.

Indicators of social inequalities associated with cancer mortality in Brazilian adults: scoping review.

The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators.

Mapping and projections of obesity in the Brazilian adult population assisted in Primary Health Care: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To map the temporal evolution of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults and estimate the prevalence of obesity for 2025 and 2030, evaluating the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data were collected on the nutritional status of adults from 2008 to 2021 from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), from which we calculated the prevalence and average annual rates of the variation of overweight and obesity. The projection of obesity, using linear regression, was analyzed in three scenarios: PP: with data from the pre-pandemic period (2008- 2019); outlier: with adjustment of the data trend (2008-2021), including the pandemic period, considering a return of scenario PP for projections from 2022; P: adjustment of pandemic data (2019-2021) to estimate the projection. Result: In the period 2008– 2021, we observed an average annual rate of overweight increase of 0.48 %/year. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled during this period, from 14.5% in 2008 to 32.9% in 2021 (i.e., an increase of 1.42). In the outlier scenario, the prevalence projections for obesity are 38.8% and 45.5% for 2015 and 2030, respectively. In the PP scenario (without the pandemic), the expected prevalence for the same period would be approximately 36.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight follow an increasing trend. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the increase in the prevalence of obesity in Brazil and impacted its projections for the coming years.

Montreal cognitive assessment in Brazilian adults with sickle cell disease: The burdens of poor sociocultural background.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are at higher risk of developing silent cerebral infarcts and overt stroke, which may reflect cognitive impairment, functional limitations, and worse quality of life. The cognitive function of Brazilian adult SCD patients (n=124; 19-70 years; 56 men; 79 SS, 28 SC, 10 S/β0, 7 S/β+) was screened through Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and correlated the results with possible predictive factors for test performance, including sociocultural, clinical, laboratory data and brain imaging. The Median MoCA score was 23 (8-30); 70% had a 25-or-less score, suggesting some level of cognitive impairment. There were no significant associations between MoCA results and any clinical or laboratory data in SS and SC patients; however, a significant correlation (P=0.03) with stroke was found in HbS/β-thalassemic patients. Correlations were further detected according to sociodemographic conditions, such as age (r=-0.316; P<0.001), age at first job (r=0.221; P=0.018), personal (r=0.23; P=0.012) andper capitafamiliar incomes (r=0.303; P=0.001), personal (r=0.61; P=0), maternal (r=0.536; P=0), and paternal educational status (r=0.441; P=0). We further sought independent predictors of performance using multivariable regressions and increased education was an independent predictor of better scores in MoCA (0.8099, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.509-1.111). Brain imaging analysis showed significant and progressive atrophy in important cerebral areas related to memory, learning, and executive function. These data point to the high prevalence and impact of cognitive decline in adult SCD patients, mirrored in brain atrophic areas. It is also possible to observe the influence of sociodemographic conditions on patients' cognitive performances and the need for creating focused therapeutic plans that address these deficiencies. Moreover, the absence of a significant correlation of MoCA values with stroke in the SS and SC groups may be related to the worst sociocultural and economic conditions of the Brazilian African descent population, in which the impact of low educational stimulation on cognitive function can outweigh even the anatomical damage caused by the disease.

Exploring Diet and Nutrient Insufficiencies across Age Groups: Insights from a Population-Based Study of Brazilian Adults.

Assessing dietary inadequacies can contribute to understanding the nutritional vulnerabilities of a country. This study aimed to investigate nutrient intakes and micronutrient inadequacies in the Brazilian adult population, with an interest in different age subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1812 individuals aged 19 to 65 years from a population-based study with a representative sample of Brazilian adults. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h food recalls, and the probabilities of inadequate intake were estimated using the Dietary Reference Intake targets. Adequate macronutrient intake was over 99% for proteins, 84.7% for carbohydrates, and 80.7% for total fats. There was a high probability of inadequacy (above 90%) for vitamins D and E, but vitamin D inadequacy was very similar between the sexes. In contrast, vitamin E was more likely to be inadequately consumed among women. A high probability of inadequacies (above 85%) of calcium and magnesium were found in the population, regardless of age group. Except for iron, the probability of an inadequacy of other minerals increased with age. The results showed a relevant proportion of nutrient inadequacies, with those most at risk being women and older individuals, helping with the better targeting and monitoring of public-health policies that address nutritional problems in the population.

Real-world data of Brazilian adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) treated with burosumab and comparison with other worldwide cohorts.

Disease-related variants in PHEX cause XLH by an increase of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) circulating levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D deficiency. XLH manifests in early life with rickets and persists in adulthood with osseous and extraosseous manifestations. Conventional therapy (oral phosphate and calcitriol) improves some symptoms, but evidence show that it is not completely effective, and it can lead to nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Burosumab (anti-FGF23 antibody) has shown to be effective and safety in the clinical trials. The current real-world collaborative study evaluated genetic, clinical and laboratory data of XLH Brazilian adult patients treated with burosumab. Nineteen unrelated patients were studied. Patients reported pain, limb deformities and claudication, before burosumab initiation. 78% of them were previously treated with conventional therapy. The severity of the disease was moderate to severe (15 patients with score >5). At the baseline, 3 patients presented NC (16.7%) and 12 HPT (63%). After 16 ± 8.4 months under burosumab, we observed a significant: increase in stature (p = 0.02), in serum phosphate from 1.90 ± 0.43 to 2.67 ± 0.52 mg/dL (p = 0.02); in TmP/GFR from 1.30 ± 0.46 to 2.27 ± 0.64 mg/dL (p = 0.0001), in 1,25 (OH)2 D from 50.5 ± 23.3 to 71.1 ± 19.1 pg/mL (p = 0.03), and a decrease in iPTH from 86.8 ± 37.4 pg/mL to 66.5 ± 31.1 (p = 0.002). Nineteen variants were found (10 novel). HPT tended to develop in patients with truncated PHEX variants (p = 0.06). This study confirms the efficacy and safety of burosumab on XLH adult patients observed in clinical trials. Additionally, we observed a decrease in iPTH levels in patients with moderate to severe HPT at the baseline.

Variações no consumo de bebidas em adultos brasileiros segundo o status de peso: análise dos Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação 2008-2009 e 2017-2018

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the variations between 2008 and 2018 in the consumption of beverages by Brazilian adults per their weight status. Methods This panel study analyzed data from two National Food Surveys referring to the adult population (20-59 years of age) (2008-2008: n=21,003; 2017-2018: n=28,153), with data from food consumption obtained by one food record day and one 24-hour recall day, respectively. The drinks were grouped into 11 groups, for which we estimated the reporting proportion (%), daily means of ingested volume (mL), and contribution (%) to daily energy intake. We assessed weight status by Body Mass Index in not overweight, overweight, and obese. Results No differences were observed in the proportion of adults who reported consuming a drink (98.5% vs. 98.3%) during the period evaluated. However, the mean daily volume (631.9mL vs. 535.1mL) and the caloric contribution of drinks (17.7% vs. 13.6%) decreased. The drinks most cited in both surveys were coffee, fruit juices, and soft drinks. Not overweight and overweight individuals showed a reduction in the reported and mean volume consumed of coffee, soft drinks, milk, dairy drinks, and processed refreshments/juices. We observed a decline in the reported consumption and volume consumed of soft drinks and milk in obese individuals. Conclusion We identified decreased reporting, mean volume, and mean caloric contribution of drinks in general in the Brazilian adult population over the 10-year period between the two surveys.

Reference values for respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation in the Brazilian adult population: A multicentric study.

To determine reference values and propose prediction equations for respiratory muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and endurance by means of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in healthy Brazilian adults. Anthropometric data, level of physical activity, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation of 243 participants (111 men and 132 women) aged 20 to 80 years were assessed at three cities in the southeast and northeast region of Brazil. Mean maximal respiratory pressures and MVV were higher in men (MIP = 111.0 ± 28.0; MEP = 149.6 ± 40.3; MVV = 150.6 ± 35.2) than in women (MIP = 87.9 ± 17.6; MEP = 106.7 ± 25.2; MVV = 103.4 ± 23.2; all p < 0.05). Based on regression models, the following prediction equations were proposed for men: MIP = 137-0.57 (age), R2 = 0.13, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 26.11; MEP = 179.9-0.67 x (age), R2 = 0.08, SEE = 38.54; and MVV = 206.3-1.18 x (age), R2 = 0.36, SEE = 28.08. Prediction equations were also proposed for women: MIP = 107.3-0.4 x (age), R2 = 0.16, SEE = 16.10; MEP = 127.4-0.43 x (age), R2 = 0.08, SEE = 24.09; and MVV = 146.3-0.86 x (age), R2 = 0.42, SEE = 17.56. Reference values for MIP, MEP, and MVV were determined in healthy Brazilian adults. Results from different Brazilian regions provided adequate prediction equations considering an ethnically heterogeneous population.

Psycho-Behavioral Characteristics Perceived as Facilitators by Brazilian Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Public Health Service.

Type 1 diabetes imposes a complex and challenging routine on patients and caregivers. Therefore, considering individual experiences and personal facilitators to promote assertive interventions is crucial. However, no studies have addressed these perspectives in the Brazilian adult population. We aimed to identify psycho-behavioral characteristics perceived as facilitators for coping with the condition. We used a biographical method to conduct semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews for each participant. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Participants (n = 22) were aged 18-57 years (mean: 30.2; standard deviation (SD): 8.7), and the duration since diagnosis was approximately 20.6 years (SD: 4.6). A total of 12 (54.4%) were women, 13 (59.1%) used insulin pumps, 14 (63.6%) had at least a college degree, and 13 (59.1%) had HbA1C (glycated hemoglobin) levels above 58 mmol/mol (7.5%). Five major themes emerged: (1) peer learning, (2) ownership, (3) welcoming experiences, (4) equity, and (5) reframing the path (P.O.W.E.R.). All themes appeared in the lived experiences shared by participants with HbA1C levels below 58 mmol/mol (7.5%). Improved glycemic control can be achieved, and the challenges encountered in diabetes care within similar socioeconomic contexts can be addressed by an interdisciplinary care team that takes P.O.W.E.R. into consideration when providing person-centered care strategies.

Neurological Wilson Disease in a young brazilian adult: a case report

We report a rare case of Wilson Disease with neurologic features in a 31-years-old man. This disease consists of a disturbance of copper metabolism secondary to a mutation in the gene responsible for encoding the tissue transporter and the enzyme that incorporates the excess element into bile, generating toxic accumulation in the liver, cornea, and central nervous system. According to his wife, the patient had been undergoing treatment for an unspecified mood disorder. The clinical picture was characterized by depressive mood, anhedonia, and anxiety and for that, he was using Fluoxetine 40mg daily with good clinical response. He had his first seizure episode on December 3, 2021. He progressed with dysarthria, ataxic gait, dystonia of the right-hand flexor muscles, and intermittent urinary incontinence. Marked worsening was observed after diagnosis of COVID19 on February, 2022. At the clinical evaluation on March 24th, the presence of risorius muscle dystonia (risus sardonicus), resting tremor, and Kayser Fleischer rings at slit-lamp examination was also noted. Cerebrospinal fluid exam without abnormalities. Imaging workup revealed signaled alteration in bilateral putamen, midbrain, and pons. Laboratory tests revealed mild impairment of liver function and abdominal ultrasound with no evident abnormalities. Specific tests confirmed the diagnosis (serum copper and 24-hours urine copper levels elevated and reduced serum ceruloplasmin). This case report represents the importance of a detailed neurological clinical evaluation and association of findings with imaging and laboratory workup. It is a rare disease whose epidemiology in Brazil lacks data and complementary tests have reduced specificity. Early diagnosis and treatment have an impact on the neurological prognosis.

Body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties among Brazilian female university students

The Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM) is an instrument that aims to quantify behaviors related to social comparison, specifically comparisons related to the body, eating and exercise, and was originally developed using a nonclinical population of American university women. The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the psychometric qualities of the BEECOM for young Brazilian adult women aged 18–35 years. In the present study, the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was performed through its translation, back-translation and evaluation by the target population. The instrument proved to be easy to understand among young women. Then, the psychometric qualities of the instrument were evaluated using a sample of 716 women (Mage = 22.47 ± 3.10). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the presence of three factors and satisfactory adjustment indexes. The BEECOM presented an invariant measurement across white vs. nonwhite and physically active vs. non-active individuals. In addition, the instrument showed adequate reliability and convergent validity. In conclusion, the BEECOM is a useful tool to evaluate social comparison behaviors related to eating disorders and body image in young Brazilian female adults, enabling further research on these constructs and supporting the development of preventive strategies.

Trend in Hypertension Prevalence and Health Behaviors among the Brazilian Adult Population: 2006–2019

Our objective was to analyze temporal trends in the prevalence of self-reported hypertension among Brazilian adults and to investigate differences in health behaviors between individuals with and without hypertension between 2006 and 2019. Data from the Surveillance System for Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey were analyzed (n = 730,309). Prais–Winsten regression was used to identify linear trends in the prevalence of hypertension for the entire period (2006–2019) and for the past 5 years. Poisson regression models were used to investigate the differences in health behaviors among individuals with and without hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension (approximately 24.0%) remained stable from 2006 to 2019 and decreased from 25.1% to 24.6% from 2015 to 2019. In the adjusted analyses, individuals with hypertension showed a significant association with unhealthy lifestyle habits: lower recommended intake of fruits and vegetables (APR = 0.97; p = 0.022), lower regular intake of fruits (APR = 0.98; p &lt; 0.001), lower regular intake of beans (APR = 0.97; p &lt; 0.001), lower leisure-time exercising (APR = 0.89; p &lt; 0.001), higher abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages (APR = 1.04; p = 0.004), higher prevalence of overweight (APR = 1.40; p &lt; 0.001), and higher prevalence of obesity (APR = 2.17; p &lt; 0.001). Hypertension prevalence has remained stable during the entire period and decreased in the most recent period. Individuals with hypertension reported unfavorable scenarios for healthy habits.

Differences between reference intervals of blood counts of Brazilian adults with and without sickle cell trait according to laboratory tests from the National Health Survey.

To compare reference intervals (RI) of blood counts of Brazilian adults with and without sickle cell trait (SCT). Cross-sectional study, based on the National Health Survey, 2014-2015, composed of 8,952 individuals. The sample of patients with SCT was composed of 234 adults. The RIs of adults with and without SCT were compared in the study "Reference values for laboratory tests of blood count in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey", by Rosenfeld et al. (2019). The parametric method and the Student's t test were used for comparison (p≤0.05). There were statistically significant differences between RIs of adults with and without SCT as far as sex is concerned for hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells, absolute lymphocytes, mean platelet volume and RDW; At all ages, for white blood cells and RDW in men and for MCV, MCH, MCHC, mean platelet volume and RDW in women; Between 18 to 59 years, for MCH, MCV, MCHC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets in men and in women for lymphocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and platelets; From 60 years old on, for hemoglobin and hematocrit in men and in women for hematocrit, white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets; In white, black and brown people for white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets (p<0.05). Brazilian adults with SCT had lower counts of hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells and higher RDW than without SCT. The results show the importance of genetic counseling and further research to support the proper management of this condition in Brazil.

Avaliação psicométrica de questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal adaptados culturalmente para uso em adultos brasileiros - uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review the psychometric properties of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires for the Brazilian adult population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the COSMIN guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022300018). The studies were obtained through electronic searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, VHL (BIREME), SciELO, and Embase databases. Results: The search was performed in December 2022. Articles on OHRQoL that reported the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments into Portuguese (Brazil) and evaluated the psychometric properties of measuring instruments in adult patients were included. Those about the development of a novel instrument and participants under 18 years of age were excluded. Information was collected on the country, type of instrument validated, psychometric tests, and adaptation process. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro program. The search returned 6,556 articles, and 14 were considered for this review. However, two studies did not report the cross-cultural adaptation process. Content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, general discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha value, and general intraclass correlation coefficient value were confirmed in 12 studies. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.96. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate and low. This study has some limitations, such as the lack of information in some reviewed studies, the unavailability of Brazilian instruments, and absence of longitudinal validation of some instruments. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are 14 OHRQoL instruments adapted for Brazilian adults that can be used with caution by researchers and clinicians, since they presented moderate to low certainty of the evidence.

Clinical manifestations, outcomes, and antibody profile of Brazilian adult patients with dermatomyositis: a single-center longitudinal study

BackgroundCurrently, only a few retrospective cohort or cross-sectional studies have described the general characteristics of Brazilian patients with classical dermatomyositis (DM). In contrast, we aimed to longitudinally assess a large sample of these patients, and several myositis autoantibodies.MethodsThis single-center longitudinal study included 91 Brazilian adults with defined DM (EULAR/ACR 2017) who underwent follow-up appointments in our tertiary center from 2012 to 2021. Myositis autoantibody analysis was performed using a commercial kit.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 47.3 ± 15.4 years, with a predominance of female (67.0%) and White (81.3%) patients. As an initial treatment, 76.9% of the patients received methylprednisolone pulse therapy, 59.3% received intravenous immunoglobulin, and 54.9% received both drugs. The median follow-up duration was 44 months (interquartile 17–67) months. There were 92 severe episodes of infection, and neoplasms were identified in 20 patients (22.0%). Hypertension was identified in 46.2% of patients, whereas diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction occurred in 19.8% and 4.4%, respectively. Nine patients died during the follow-up. At the last visit, one-third of the patients had disease activity, half had a complete clinical response, and one-fifth were in disease remission. In a univariate logistic regression, anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies (n = 13) were associated with interstitial lung disease, “mechanic’s hands”, and anti-Ro-52, and had an inverse association with “V”-neck and “shawl” signs. Anti-MDA-5 (n = 10) were associated with male gender, digital ulcers, vasculitis, arthritis, anti-Ro-52, and active disease. Anti-Ro-52 (n = 26) were associated with “mechanics’ hands”, arthritis, interstitial lung disease, anti-tRNA synthetases, and anti-MDA-5. No association was found for anti-Mi-2 (n = 10).ConclusionsThis study shows the general profile of a significant sample of Brazilian patients with DM as well as the association of some antibodies with clinical and laboratory manifestations of this myositis.

The Body Adiposity Index is not applicable to the Brazilian adult population.

BackgroundObesity is a serious disease that burdens public health systems around the world. It is a risk factor for the development of several non-communicable chronic diseases that are related to the amount and distribution of body fat. Body composition assessment using simple and low-cost techniques can help in the early detection of excess fat, allowing for the prevention and treatment of both obesity and associated diseases. Thus, identifying and proposing valid anthropometric indices for this purpose can be a great ally of health programs.ObjectiveTo verify the validity of the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) in relation to Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for estimating body fat percentage in Brazilian adults, as well as to propose a new mathematical model to estimate the fat-free mass of this population.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 424 subjects (of which 220 were women), aged between 20 and 59 years, were evaluated by BAI and DXA, then randomly divided into two groups stratified by sex: the development group (n = 283) and the cross-validation group (n = 141). Statistical analyses to test the validity of BAI as a predictor of fat mass, in addition to proposing a new mathematical model for estimating fat-free mass, using DXA as a reference method. The analysis included paired t-test, stepwise multiple regression, coefficient of concordance correlation, and Bland-Altman plots.ResultsThe BAI validity analysis showed a low correlation coefficient of agreement [CCC = 0.626; ρ (precision) = 0.795; Cb(accuracy) = 0.787]; in addition, the mean difference in the Bland-Altman plot was different from zero in the cross-validation group (p < 0.01) and limits of agreement (LOA) ranged between−8.0 and 14.4 kg, indicating a poor agreement between the BAI and the reference method. The new mathematical model for estimating FFM showed a high correlation coefficient of agreement (CCC = 0.952; ρ = 0.953; Cb = 0.999), in addition to acceptable LOA in the Bland-Altman plot (-6.7 and 6.7).ConclusionIn the studied sample, the BAI showed low validity for estimating body fat, while the new proposed model was found to be a good option to assess the body composition of Brazilian adults.

Proportion of ALGBT adult Brazilians, sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported violence

Asexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (ALGBT) individuals face worse life conditions and violence rates than their heterosexual cisgender counterparts. Brazil is often highlighted for having one of the highest rates of hate-related homicides against ALGBTs in the world. However, to date, Brazil’s ALGBT population has not been investigated with a representative sample, and basic information such as population size or sociodemographic characteristics are mostly based in non-systematic data. We aimed to assess the proportion of asexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and non-binary adults in Brazil, their sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported violence rates. In 2018, a sample (n = 6000) of the Brazilian adult population answered a face-to-face survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, gender identity, sexual orientation, and self-reported psychological, physical, verbal, and sexual violence. Among Brazilian adults, 12.04% are ALGBT: 5.76% asexual, 0.93% lesbian, 1.37% gay, 2.12% bisexual, 0.68 trans, and 1.18% non-binary. Compared to heterosexual cisgender men, most ALGBT individuals have worse socioeconomic indicators and higher rates of self-reported psychological and verbal violence. All ALGBT groups and heterosexual cisgender women reported sexual violence more often than heterosexual cisgender men. It was reported between 4 up to 25 times more often by heterosexual cisgender women and trans individuals, respectively. The rates of the other ALGBT groups sit among the two. Our findings provide evidence of the important size of the ALGBT Brazilian population, as well as their socioeconomic vulnerability, and concerning violence levels experienced by the group. Policy makers may refer to the present article in order to mitigate this population’s vulnerability and to better understand its sociodemographic characteristics.

Factors Associated With Regular Consumption of In Natura Foods and Soft Drinks, and Their Influence on Self-Rated Health Among Brazilian Adults

ObjectivesTo analyze evolution and determinants of regular consumption (≥5 days per week) of in natura foods (beans, fruits and vegetables) and soft drinks, and their association with self-rated health (SRH; not poor or poor) among Brazilian adults (≥18 years old) during the period 2006–2019. MethodsObservational cross-sectional study, using 14 editions of nationally representative population-based survey conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, VIGITEL. Individuals living in Brazilian state capitals (n = 684,665) were randomly selected and interviewed using structured questionnaire by telephone. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to identify factors associated with regular consumption of in natura foods and soft drinks, and poor SRH. ResultsThere was increasing trends for regular consumption of beans (62.62% [95%CI 58.71–66.37] p = 0.000) and fruits (58.66% [95%CI 56.76–60.54] p = 0.000), whilst consumption of vegetables (49.23% [95%CI 45.41–53.06] p = 0.000) and soft drinks (21.62% [95%CI 18.87–24.64] p = 0. 000) decreased during the period, as well as the proportion of individuals assessing poor SRH (4.69% [95%CI 4.44–4.95] p = 0.053). The regular consumption of in natura foods (beans OR = 0.844; vegetables OR = 0.755; fruits OR = 0.745) represented protective factors, and regular consumption of soft drinks (OR = 1.325) represented risk factor for poor SRH. Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with regular consumption of food varieties differed moderately among Brazilian adults who assess poor SRH, compared with the overall Brazilian adult population. ConclusionsEvidence suggests that regular consumption of in natura foods and soft drinks have influence on subjective health perceptions, like SRH, and are influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors and sociodemographic factors, which represent potential targets for preventive public policy intervention that can improve the health status of the Brazilian adult population. Funding SourcesBrazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults in the last 10\xa0years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundA cluster of interconnected cardiometabolic risk factors characterizes metabolic Syndrome (MS). The prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide, but there is not a meta-analysis of this prevalence in the Brazilian population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult general population in Brazil through a meta‑analysis study.MethodsOriginal research studies were searched at PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, from 2011 to 2021. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to assess the quality of included studies. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of MS. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted for explored heterogeneity and used the Funnel Plot and Egger’s test to assess publication bias. The study was performed based on the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).ResultsThe search in electronic databases identified 1598 records. From this total, 26 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence among the general population of Brazil was 33% with high heterogeneity observed. By gender, the prevalences were 26% in males and 38% in females. By criteria that was used to define MS, the prevalence were 31% in NCEP ATP III, 25% in JIS, 37% in IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO and 33% in IDF criteria. The prevalence in different habitat was 34% in urban, 15% in rural, 28% in quilombola and 37% in indigenous. In different regions was 37% in the South, 30% in Southeast, 38% in North, 31% in Northeast and 39% in Midwest. The pooled prevalence of MS with age was < 45 years: 43% and ≥ 45 years: 42% and the prevalence based on year of study implementation was 31% in 2015–2019, 35% in 2010–2014 and 28% in 2005–2009. There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups. Most of the studies showed high quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and many studies participants were not sampled in an appropriate way.ConclusionsOur review indicates a high prevalence of MS in the healthy Brazilian adult population, when compared to others countries and with a world estimate.

Diabetes autorreferido e fatores associados na população adulta brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Abstract This study aims to analyze the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and its associated factors in the Brazilian adult population. It is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Health Survey. Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (PRc) and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) of self-reported diabetes were estimated, with confidence intervals (95% CI), using Poisson regression. In the 82,349 adults, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 7.7%. Positively associated factors were: advanced age with greater association after 60 years (PRa 24.87; 95%CI 15.78-39.18); living in the Northeast (PRa 1.16; 95%CI 1.04-1.29), Southeast (PRa 1.27; 95% CI 1.14-1.43), South (PRa 1.18; 95%CI 1, 05-1.34), and Midwest (PRa 1.21; 95%CI 1.06-1.38); being a former smoker (PRa 1.17; 95%CI 1.09-1.27); self-assessment of regular health (PRa 2.41; 95%CI 2.21-2.64), bad/very bad (PRa 3.45; 95%CI 3.06-3.88); having heart disease (PRa 1.81; 95%CI 1.64-2.00), hypertension (PRa 2.84; 95%CI 2.60-3.69), high cholesterol (PRa 2.22; 95%CI 2.05-2.41), overweight (PRa 1.49; 95%CI 1.36-1.64), and obesity (PRa 2.25; 95%CI 2.05-2.47). It could be concluded that diabetes in Brazilian adults is associated with sociodemographic factors, aging, lifestyle, and morbidities. These results can guide public policies for the prevention and control of disease in Brazil.