Brave Soldiers Research Articles

The Cultural Ostracism Of Indian Nepalis And Their Crusade For Identity In The Indian Landscape

India is a land of diverse cultures, witnessing a massive influx of people from all ages. Many historical events in the past led to the migration of various ethnicities from the neighbouring countries in India. One of the significant events was the 'Anglo-Nepalis war' of 1814 followed by the acquisition of Darjeeling by the British in the year 1835, which led to the massive migration of Nepalis1 into India. The large-scale influx resulted from the 'British colonial' demand for brave soldiers and plantation workers for tea estates. Later in 1950, the 'open border' concept in the India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, added to the migration history. Since then, the Nepalis have dispersed and become a part of the social structure of Indian society. In the early 19th century, the influx was mainly of the janajatis2 (indigenous people) from Nepal and a few groups geographically belonging to the Himalayan areas. The immigrants geographically dispersed themselves in the areas bordering India and Nepal. Their diaspora resulted in a shift in their lifestyle and culture. At present, they are widespread in various parts of India, struggling to create a niche identity for themselves. Though they belong to India, they are not socially recognized as Indian. To an extent, the contribution of Indian-Nepalis to the military is prevalent but what remains unknown is the question of their identity of being 'an Indian'. Therefore, this paper intends to explore the Indian Nepali community’s contribution to India, the intercultural exchange, their influence on Indian cuisine and culture, and their fight for acceptance as true Indians in their own nation. Further, by examining the socio-cultural dynamics, the community’s migration pattern, and processes of cultural assimilation, this study aims to highlight the community’s efforts to overcome marginalisation and assert their identity within the broader Indian landscape

THE IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY-PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article discusses the process of organizing military-patriotic upbringing for schoolchildren and emphasizes the significance of patriotism. Patriotism, being an integral part of military-patriotic upbringing, serves as a fundamental principle and the primary aspect of socializing an individual. The article aims to underscore the importance of military-patriotic education for schoolchildren in contemporary society. It outlines various extracurricular activities that can be implemented in schools to deepen students’ love for their homeland and national as well as universal values. Through these activities, students will come to appreciate the heroes among them and understand that protecting the motherland requires military patriotism. Additionally, the article briefly touches upon integrating information technologies into the educational system, acknowledging the 21st century as the era of computer technologies. Through various computer programs, teachers can introduce students to the golden pages of our history, the lives of heroes, the everyday life of today’s border guards, and the heroic stories of brave soldiers guarding the borders of the motherland and drawing those same borders. In the article, we also discuss the role and significance of the family because it is a powerful force and a primary focus of the educational system. Together with schools, families fulfill the sacred duty of educating literate and patriotic citizens who will become defenders of the homeland in the future. They are envisioned as the future Armenian soldiers and strong supporters of the motherland.

Eusebia, Elena e l’imperatore romano Giuliano l’Apostata

Eusebia, Helena, and the Emperor Julian the Apostate The Emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus, known to posterity as the Apostate, is an extraordinary figure in the history of the Roman Empire. And although he was Caesar for only five years (355–360), and Emperor for less than two years (361–363), he became famous as a wise and just ruler, a good commander, a brave soldier, and an efficient administrator. He was also a great lover of ancient culture and a talented writer. He left behind many official letters and literary works. His writings provide valuable information both about the Roman state in the fourth century and about himself and his family. He was also one of the best educated Roman rulers, well versed in Greek and Latin literature, philosophy, and history. Two exceptional women played a particularly important role in the life of Julian the Apostate: his wife Helena and Eusebia, the wife of Emperor Constantius II, his cousin. Both were endowed with many good qualities, which are mentioned not only by Julian the Apostate himself in his writings, but also by other ancient authors, including the historians Ammianus Marcellinus, Eutropius, Zosimos, the rhetorician Libanius, and historians of the Church Socrates Scholasticus and Hermias Sozomen. Both Eusebia and Helena are very interesting figures. But, while about Eusebia there is a great deal of information in various sources, about Helena there are only brief mentions. Nevertheless, both of these empresses are worth closer attention. In my article, written in Italian, I present a picture of the virtues of Helena and Eusebia, as contained in the writings of the Emperor Julian the Apostate himself, as well as other ancient authors.

Textures of Belonging: Feeling Muslim Publics Past and Present

Shenila Khoja-Moolji’s Sovereign Attachments is a landmark monograph in the study of Islam in South Asia. This review approaches the book by way of three intersecting themes: the management of religious affect in the Indian subcontinent, past and present; the relationship between Muslim publics and what Khoja-Moolji calls ‘figurations’, or tropes (e.g. the ‘mourning mother’, the ‘brave soldier’, and so on) that are variously embodied and contested in contemporary Pakistani discourse; and the ways that Islamic normativities are constructed and mobilized by both the Taliban and the Pakistani state.

ASPECTE PRIVIND ISTORIA PREOȚILOR MILITARI

Considering the dual nature of the human condition-body and soul-, with respect to the entirety of all its activities, the man has always been regarded in this binomial identity, taking into account both his physical and spiritual needs. Such an approach could by no means be separated from the military slant, given that it is on the battlefield that the soldiers feel the proximity of death and therefore have the deepest and most dramatic thoughts about their past, present and even future life. This is the very reason why the clergy’s presence amid the soldiers has always been a necessity, not only with a view to a victory but also in the eventuality of a defeat. Thus, the priests’ spiritual guidance has not been restricted to the mere uttering of the consecrated prayers or blessings. Above all, the assistance provided by the church stood out through the personal example of heroism, not once chaplains leaving their bodies on the battlefield just next to those of the brave soldiers whom they previously encouraged. In the following lines I aim to outline the main features of the history of chaplains and their military activity, focusing especially on those elements occurring prior to the World War I.

The Evaluation of the national Struggle of the Risorgimento famous figures in '' The Mshak''

The Italian Risorgimento, which aimed to overthrow the Austrian rule and unite Italy, found a wide response in the Armenian public thought of the time and in the periodical press. Reflecting on this, “Mshak” newspaper, the pioneer of the Armenian liberal current, highlighted the role of Risorgimento leaders Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, King Victor Emmanuel II and Count Camillo Cavour in the unification of Italy. The newspaper calls G. Mazzini “prominent republican”, “democratic genius” and “great patriot”, who had been fascinated by the idea of ​​freedom and union of his homeland since his student years. In particular “Mshak” newspaper highly appreciates G. Garibaldi’s contribution to the struggle for the unification of Italy, calling him “a great Italian patriot” who immortalized his name with his services to the motherland. According to the description of the newspaper, G. Garibaldi constantly invited his compatriots to fight for freedom and showed them a personal example of “unshakable determination”. “Mshak” characterizes King Victor Emmanuel II as “an outstanding patriot and an outstanding statesman”, a patriot and brave soldier, a king guided by the interests of the people and the state. According to the opinion of the newspaper, the king was a cautious person, he never took a decisive step, he allowed popular hero G. Garibaldi to start the struggle every time. In this way, he united Italy, which he considered the goal of his life. According to “Mshak”, Victor Emmanuel’s “name occupies a glorious place in the history of Italy”. “Mshak” also highlights C. Cavour in the Italian liberation struggle. According to the newspaper, King Victor Emmanuel was always guided by C. Cavour’s advice and “he is beholden to him most of his successes”.

Торжество Свободы: национальный праздник в честь возвращения Тулона (1793 год)

In December 1793, after the end of the siege of Toulon, which had been in the hands of the British and their allies for three months, a national holiday was declared throughout the French Republic. By that time, such holidays had been completely formed and become systematic as well as acquired their own symbols. Among the essential components were a crowd of spectators, a procession, dancing, music with songs, and a banquet. Since the victory won in Toulon was long-awaited, the events on this occasion had to be grandiose. The author studies the revolutionary festival and highlights its general and special features typical of the regions. Each department celebrated the holiday in its own way: some seized an opportunity to promote the Worship of Reason and de-Christianization, others praised the goddess of victory and the brave soldiers, still others turned it into a kind of a Catholic procession. Further, the article analyses the extensive festival programme in Paris, which was developed by artist Jacques-Louis David and playwright Marie-Joseph Chénier. In some places, however, the processions were spontaneous. Of interest are the “reconstructions” of the battles in Toulon, which were undertaken at some festivals, at which mannequins depicting kings and statesmen of the allies were also burnt. In addition, the author demonstrates how the creative community reacted to the retaking of Toulon: poems and hymns were written all over the country, plays and performances were staged, exposing the tyranny and meanness of the British, as well as the cowardice of the Toulonnais that had surrendered the city, and praising the valour of the Republican soldiers.

Platelets in Viral Infections - Brave Soldiers or Trojan Horses.

Viral infections are often associated with platelet activation and haemostatic complications. In line, low platelet counts represent a hallmark for poor prognosis in many infectious diseases. The underlying cause of platelet dysfunction in viral infections is multifaceted and complex. While some viruses directly interact with platelets and/or megakaryocytes to modulate their function, also immune and inflammatory responses directly and indirectly favour platelet activation. Platelet activation results in increased platelet consumption and degradation, which contributes to thrombocytopenia in these patients. The role of platelets is often bi-phasic. Initial platelet hyper-activation is followed by a state of platelet exhaustion and/or hypo-responsiveness, which together with low platelet counts promotes bleeding events. Thereby infectious diseases not only increase the thrombotic but also the bleeding risk or both, which represents a most dreaded clinical complication. Treatment options in these patients are limited and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to prevent adverse outcome. This review summarizes the current literature on platelet-virus interactions and their impact on viral pathologies and discusses potential intervention strategies. As pandemics and concomitant haemostatic dysregulations will remain a recurrent threat, understanding the role of platelets in viral infections represents a timely and pivotal challenge.

Augmented Intelligence for National Security and Development

Augmented Intelligence is a system model which centre on the partnership between human general intelligence & common sense with Artificial Intelligence’s exceptional processing speed and computation power to get better cognitive performance. This study can shed light on Augmented Intelligence and how it can be implemented so that we have heroes working at the peak human level possible, suffer fewer casualties, and also have equal footing in terms of technology and military strength. Nepal being open bordered country has a great threat from the border issues and with ever-rising crime and challenges in various cities creating intra threat. The study analyses to overcome this geographical challenge, operational problems, the rise of conflicts, and establish better policies, faced by security personnel with technology that actually empowers all the brave soldiers and Police officers to maintain security from both external and internal risk. In the ever-evolving technology limitations of human beings can be catastrophic, but replacing it all with Artificial Intelligence is not a practical solution as well because it would be giving the third entity all the ability that might revolt against humans themselves. The article can be summed up as, research on the practicality of Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Intelligence in national security and figure out a way for its legal adaptation. The availability of various case studies, surveys, research on various existing technology, and research papers published in renowned journals and publications has made this study possible.

The Ex‐Services Human Rights Association of Australia, the Vietnam War, and the Remaking of the Anzac Tradition

The Ex‐Services Human Rights Association of Australia (ESHRAA) emerged in 1966, supporting conscientious objectors to national service and opposing the Vietnam War. Unlike the cornucopia of similarly focussed groups, ESHRAA members publicly identified as ex‐service people, a privileged category of citizens in Australia with particular purchase on public debate. In this article, I locate ESHRAA within the long tradition of Australian opposition to conscription and national service, describe how the expulsion of its leading personality from the Returned and Services League in mid‐1967 contributed to perceptions of that organisation as increasingly outdated, and finally argue that it sought to refashion the hallowed Anzac tradition from the veneration of brave soldiers to equally valiant resisters. In so doing, I unearth an under‐examined protest organisation during the Vietnam War, challenge the notion of a monolithic ex‐services community, and complicate emerging scholarly understandings of how Anzac was re‐invented in the late twentieth century.

War in Ippeisotsu’s by Katai Tayama

The main objective of this research is to analyze the binary opposition contained in Ippeisotsu’s short story to reveal hidden meanings and provide new meanings about the Japan-Russia war of 1904-1905 by using the Jacques Derrida’s deconstructive reading method. This study also connects the context outside the text, namely the historical context to find the position of the work in the midst of the war situation in 1908. Therefore, Michel Foucault’s theory of power regarding discourse is used to see how the discourse related to war, the image of the ideal army, the doctrine of state defense and obedience to the emperor was constructed. Deconstructive reading method will be used to deconstruct the binary opposition found and then describe it by using qualitative descriptive method. The result of this study is there are six binary oppositions found in Ippeisotsu’s short story. These six binary oppositions are used to reveal hidden meanings and to give new meaning to the Japan-Russia war of 1904-1905. The six binary oppositions found are superior (Japan) and inferior (China), leader and follower, subject of command and object of command, brave soldier and fearful soldier, physically strong soldier and physically weak soldier, and the last is the battlefield and civilian life. If this binary opposition is related to aspects outside the text, namely connecting literary works with wartime situations, then the result of the meaning that is revealed in Ippeisotsu’s short story is a critique of the Japan-Russia war.

ОРАЛ ҚАЛАСЫНДА ҚҰРЫЛҒАН 152-ШІ ДЕРБЕС АТҚЫШТАР БРИГАДАСЫ

The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the main battles in the Great Patriotic War.  The line of defense of the Battle of Stalingrad and Western Kazakhstan was separated by only 200 kilometers. The article tells about the participation of the 152nd Rifle Brigade, formed in Uralsk, in the Battle of Stalingrad, which brought a significant turn in the course of World War II, about the valiant and glorious campaign of the 152nd Rifle Brigade to defend the Fatherland and about the selfless feat of its brave soldiers on the bloody front. In general, the basis for the formation of the brigade was the resolution of the State Defense Council and the directive of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR of December 20, 1941. Grave graves and mass graves in the village of Khalkhuta, who died and fought in the bloody battle on the Kalmyk steppes of our countrymen, who fought as part of the 152nd Rifle Brigade during the defense and counteroffensive during the Battle of Stalingrad.

Polish army soldier and scientist – Stanisław Ossowski

The article reminds Stanisław Ossowski, an outstanding sociologist and political scientist, a representative of the Lviv-Warsaw school, and a brave soldier. The author focuses her attention on two problems selected from his work: on man as an ethical subject and on opportunities and threats in shaping individual and collective social personalities. Stanisław Ossowski regarded disobedience in thinking, faithfulness to the truth, and intellectual honesty as the professional duty of a scientist, especially a humanist, who studies ideas and value systems. He justified the theory of mutual conditioning of the social structure-personality. He studied the impact of decisions of senior government officials on the dynamics of human behaviour and the development of human polymorphism.

Specific coping strategies in JSLE depression and anxiety – the untold story of brave soldiers

Abstract Background and aims: Patients with Juvenile-onset Systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) have to overcome the burden of unpredictable and disabling disorder. Coping strategies influence patient’s ability to cope with negative emotions, treatment exigencies and physical impairment related with the disease. Our aim was to explore the relationship between coping mechanisms and the presence of anxiety and depression. Methods: Thirty jSLE patients answered the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (HADS) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Results: Clinically relevant anxiety (63.3%) and depressive symptoms (13.3%) were present in the jSLE patients. Our population showed higher coping scores for problem-focused (0,7±0,2), emotion-focused (0,6±0,2) and social supported coping (0,5±0,2), than avoidant coping (0,3± 0,1). Higher depression scores and lower subjective happiness levels correlated with higher anxiety scores (r=0.673, p=0.000 and r=0.592, p=0.001, respectively). Problem focused coping was associated with higher self-reported happiness (r=0.564, p=0.002) and avoidant coping was positively correlated with higher number of anxious symptoms (r=0.560, p=0.002). Conclusions: These results underscore the relevance of psychological assessment in jSLE patients. Adaptive coping strategies led to greater happiness, while avoidant coping strategies were associated with higher anxiety. Teaching of adaptive coping mechanisms, in combination with other interventions are likely to enhance the patients’ ability to respond to the multiple physical, social and emotional challenges imposed by this autoimmune disorder.

Padre Harry Martin Brown (1889–1983) and the British West Indies Regiment (BWIR), ‘Under Empire,’ During the First World War

ABSTRACT The First World War was a catalyst for the beginning of incredible social change within British Society and within its Empire. Part of that Empire included the British West Indies and the British West Indies Regiment (BWIR) was formed to promote British War aims during the First World War. West Indies soldiers were not well respected by the British authorities simply because of their race and they suffered much neglect in the cold and wet of France. Padre Harry Martin Brown, a Baptist chaplain, became a committed and determined advocate for his soldiers bringing attention to their plight and eventually to the Prime Minister himself. Brown became a lone voice for a brave but powerless soldier community from within the forces of the British Empire.

Художні засоби німого кіно у психологічному екшені І. Дніпровського «Заради неї»

In the present paper a short story written by I. Dniprovsky's is analyzed. In accordance with the action canon, the main character has to find his beloved in the shortest possible time so that they could catch the train and escape from the enemy. In the twists and turns of the story the archetypal plot of lovers’ escape / rescue from the monster can be traced. It descends from folk tales and legends where a young man sacrifices himself for the sake of his beloved. By analogy with receptions in tense feature films (thrillers, horror films, catastrophes), the single-line plot «For Her sake» consists of annoyingly insidious concourse of circumstances. They create the feeling as if the whole world, even the closest people and character’s personal belongings, want to thwart his rescue. It is emphasized that, similar to the techniques in the action movies, a linear storyline in the short story consists of the treacherously irritating coincidences. However, while an action-adventure meta-genre normally has a happy ending, in the present short story the ending is more appropriate for a novella: the Bolsheviks shoot the hero as a deserter. It is established that the defining feature of the story is the lack of description of the characters’ appearances and their speech is reduced to minimum, which was a general feature of silent film scripts. A tense atmosphere of anxiety and fear is created through the acoustic and visual micro-images with the semantics of panic and horror. The gloomy urban landscapes, the hostility of the world and the sense of the fatal doom of the heroes refer to the German expressionist cinema of the early XX century. It is revealed that the story never mentions the struggle of ideologies or the enemy who seeks to seize Petro's native land. The enemy appears as an invisible and terrifying force, an element that creates chaos and makes it difficult to maintain human dignity. The key to understanding of this on border crazy motivation of the main character is the archetypal theory of C. G. Jung. In the story of I. Dniprovsky, a brave soldier (Persona Petra) in attempt to save himself together with Hanka (Anima), subconsciously seeks to save his Self-Identity. Moreover, a Wise Old Man (Hanka's father) and a Big Mother with a Child are present in the story as well. However, none of them is helpful to Petro and does not encourage the latter to make any attempts for escape. According to the artistic concept of the short story, when escaping from death, a person experiences tremendous stress, which breaks his psyche, so in a borderline situation collective experience fails, everyone tries to save himself. It is emphasized that the story's ending is unexpected: the hero finds himself in the city again, however, he is now in the status of unidentified enemy, whom he tried to escape and now he dies at the hands of the redhead leader.

Henry Fleming against his cowardice in The Red Badge of Courage

Language is a means of communication in Literature. People can understand and analyze any story by using language. They can also find out the content of story from different country. Readers can also compare story from one country to another country. They can also translate story from different country with their own mother tongue. One example is The Red Badge of Courage. We can get many lessons and ideas from this American novel. It is a war novel, which focus on American Civil War. Henry Fleming is one of main characters in the novel. Regarding to the history of Civil War, we still have many questions from the content of it. How about the main character‘s dreaming in civil war? Can his bravery influence to his friends? What is the moral value from this war novel? People can get many imaginations and lessons from the main character, Henry Fleming. Descriptive qualitative is a method in discussing this novel. Reading, understanding, and analyzing are the necessity things to do. The idea and opinions from novel and reference books are sources in getting idea. We can take this novel is as a zero to hero novel regarding to the main character‘s activities. All soldiers in his troop surprise when they see a brave-heart person, Henry Flaming. Furthermore, Henry shows that he can beat his cowardice to be a brave man. His wound is a proof of being a hero in his troop. His questions of being a brave soldier show up after he beats all trials in civil war. Self-confidence in Henry Flaming is a way to show that a soldier must have bravery in leading a troop.

Wędka króla Rusinów (Gall Anonim, ks. 1, rozdz. 7)

A fi shing rod of the king of the Ruthenians (Gallus Anonymus, Book I, chapt. 7) The purpose of the article is an attempt to solve the following question: why did Gallus Anonymus present the king of the Ruthenians fishing with a fishing rod at the very moment of Boleslaw Chrobry’s attack, which inflicted a catastrophic defeat upon Rus’? In the Chronicle the king of the Ruthenians is presented as an unwarlike and cowardly man, but this in itself does not explain, why the chronicler placed him in a boat, fishing. The matter is not made clear by the medieval adaptations of this anecdote by Wincenty Kadlubek and Jan Dlugosz. None of them understood the sense Gallus gave to the motif of fishing rod and both changed its meaning. Also the cases of fishing described in the Bible have a different character altogether. But a useful context is given by motif of fishing rod and fishing people in stories certainly unknown to Gallus Anonymus. The article presents a choice of texts where fishing refers to military matters and brings disgrace to the king or hero: Le roman de Perceval ou le conte du Graal by Chretien de Troyes (the Fisher King), Plutarch’s Life of Antony , Waltharius , the story about Arnulf conquering Rome in the Antapodosis by Liudprand of Cremona. The comparison makes it possible to say that in the medieval literature the fishing rode quite often plays the role of anti-attribute that given to a king or warlike hero becomes a clear sign of the lacked or lost ability to command the army and fight war, or of the betrayal of the honour of a brave soldier. On the other hand, the association with fishing or with using a fishing rod is not disgraceful for people who do not aspire to military functions or actions, as illustrated by the examples of Wanda-Weda in the Chronica Poloniae maioris ( Chronicle of Greater Poland ), and of Saint Zeno of Verona in De Zenonis vita sermo Coronati Notarii .

Smart Monitoring for Soldier Health and Location

The people around the world live a safe life due to the sacrifices of the brave soldiers, in order repay the favor, so we must shield them from risks due to they face in the warfare by equipping them with advanced technology. Equipping people especially soldiers to guarantee the security of the state and its stability. Terrorism in a lot area around the world (Sinai Peninsula that is considered one of the dangerous area) is represented threat on people life. This work designed smart monitoring system for soldiers who protecting the homeland so, it is necessary to help them by using smart monitoring system to avoid any terrorist attack or know their places when the abduction of any one of these soldiers. Supply soldier with modern technological devices makes it easy for us to know the health status and their location and this makes the control rooms in the military full-time to monitor the enemy rather than preoccupation with monitoring soldiers. Wireless communications devices play an important role in monitoring the soldiers through the use of the devices Global Positioning System (GPS) system, and also SOS messages that help the soldier to adapt with different situation. All the data collected from the sensors and send to the web server to make analysis also statistics depending on these information Base Stations can make the right decision and send it to the soldier to follow thanks to this smart control system.

“Brave and Prudent Soldiers”: The Virtue of Courage in The Sadness of Christ

This paper explores Thomas More’s concept of courage as it is expressed in the hand-written notes in his personal Psalter, and in the example of Christ and His “brave and prudent soldiers” in The Sadness of Christ. These texts elaborate a view of courage that builds upon and expands the classical conception of virtue by appropriating it in a Christian context. According to More and the classical philosophers, courage requires an element of prudence and does not preclude feelings of fear. But for More, Christian prudence is predicated upon knowledge of man’s supernatural end and the need for grace. The example of Christ provides a model of Christian courage for souls who experience fear. His agony in the garden shows that fear does not inhibit courage but can strengthen it by fostering humility, an element that is not found in the classical notion of virtue. The humble self-knowledge that arises from the experience of fear leads one to turn to God in prayer for strength and consolation, which allows for the ultimate conquering of fear.