Brands Of Paracetamol Tablets Research Articles

Estimation of Paracetamol in various brands of Paracetamol Tablets and their Comparative Study

Paracetamol is a widely used non-prescription medication and is available in several brands in the market which makes it difficult to select the safe and effective one. Therefore, the study aims to establish the pharmaceutical equivalence of the different brands of paracetamol tablets and to justify the quality of different brands available in the market. The study involves the quantitative analysis of ten different brands of Paracetamol 500 mg tablets, using Ultra Violet Spectrophotometric methods, in which the samples were dissolved in 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution and distilled water and their various absorbances determined at the wavelength (λmax) of 257nm. Quantitative estimation of Paracetamol carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods, by using standard absorptivity value (assay method given in Indian Pharmacopoeia) and calibration curve method. The percentage content for each sample was calculated byboth methods using appropriate formulae and also determined whether or not they comply with standard specifications as per IP. The percentage content of paracetamol in different brands of paracetamol tablets was compared by IP Method. The results obtained by the IP method and Calibration curve method were also compared.

Comparative quality control study of widely used brands of paracetamol tablets in Iraq

Comparative quality control study of widely used brands of paracetamol tablets in Iraq

Comparative quality control study of widely used brands of paracetamol tablets in Iraq

Based on the World Health Organization definitions, the term quality control refers to the sum of all steps and procedures undertaken by a drug manufacturer to ensure the identity, safety, efficacy and purity of a particular pharmaceutical product. Quality control is an essential operation within the field of pharmaceutical industry and it is a vital part of current Good Manufacture Practice. It ensures that the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamics properties are predictable and reproducible for the same active pharmaceutical ingredient when manufactured by different companies. The quality assurance of oral solid dosage form especially tablets is a priority for drug manufacturing companies. In addition to the apparent features of tablets, tablets must meet other physical specifications and quality standards. These include criteria for weight, weight variation, thickness, hardness, disintegration, and dissolution. In addition the content uniformity was investigated by HPLC technique. Thus, in this project, paracetamol tablets from five different companies which are widely used by Iraqi population were subjected to different quality control tests to indicate whether these products are fit to the standard criteria of the United States Pharmacopeia or not. The data indicated that all tested brands succeeded to pass most tests and failed in others.

Computational prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters as an in vitro approach for assessing paracetamol tablets for IVIVC; a strategy in COVID-19 disruptive times.

In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is a desirable attribute for any drug dissolution test to establish relevance and confidence in evaluating the quality and safety of products. The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol have been studied extensively but information about the IVIVC is scanty and mostly controversial; this justifies its choice as a model drug for this study. This work is aimed to evaluate and compare the IVIVC dissolution profile of different brands of paracetamol tablets using authentic pharmacokinetic parameters such as; maximum observed dug concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax) and Area under Curve concentration-time curve (AUC) obtained from literature. In vitro release data were obtained for each brand (n=12) using the USP II apparatus at 50 rpm in 900 ml phosphate buffer of pH 5.8, maintained at 37±0.5 °C and the results were mathematically extrapolated to predict in vivo data. The percent predicted error (% PE) for Cmax ranges from 1.70 to 6.52 % across the brands, while those for Tmax and AUC were < 0 % and > 20 % respectively. The observed low prediction error for Cmax and Tmax (<10 %) demonstrated that the paracetamol IVIVC model was valid based on FDA guidelines. While a satisfactory result could not be achieved for AUC, promising results were obtained exploiting the convolution based IVIVC model.

Analysis of different brands of paracetamol tablet used in the market by assay method of UV spectroscopy and its evaluation

The study included analysis of five different brands of Paracetamol tablets used in market, using the ultra violet spectro-photometric method. The percent purity of the five brands of Paracetamol was determined by assay method on uv spectrophotometer. The result obtained was compared with those of standard. The Percent content of standard Paracetamol in IP contain no less than 95.0 percent and not more than 105.0 percent of the prescribed Paracetamol value. It was noted that samples A, B, D and E meet the I.P. specified limit in spectrophotometric method where as sample c was out of the specified limit. Also the evaluation test of paracetamol. Were carried out which complies the i.p. limit.

Assessment of in vitro Quality Tests of Paracetamol Brands 500mg in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to perform the quality assessment of three different brands of Paracetamol tablets (500 mg) available in local market of Karachi, Pakistan.
 Methodology: Several pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial tests were applied on selected brands coded as P1, P2 and P3, respectively. A sample of (n = 20) tablets from each coded brand were subjected to pharmacopeial tests such as weight variation, friability, disintegration, assay and dissolution and non- pharmacopeial tests such as hardness, diameter and thickness. Dissolution data were subjected to model dependent and model independent kinetic approaches using Dissolution Data solver.
 Results: The Average weight in mg, hardness in kg , thickness and diameter in mm of (n=20) tablets of brands P1, P2, and P3 were noted and their standard deviation were calculated which were found to be 520.625mg (± 0.49 mg), 519.53 mg (± 0.472 mg) and 521.20 mg (±0.494mg),7.25(±0.45kg), 7.48(±0.29kg) and 6.64(±0.11kg), 4.3(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.11mm) and 12.2(±0.13mm), 12.4(±0.14mm) and 12.6(±0.15mm). Friability of selected brands were found to be 0.37%, 0.41% and 0.26%. Disintegration time were found to be 2minutes26seconds, 2minutes56seconds and 1minute 54 seconds. Percentage Assay of (n=20) tablets of selected brands were found to be as P1= 98.97(± 0.02%), P2= 99.96(± 0.03%) and P3= 99.91(±0.02%). Dissolution were performed at multiple point intervals such as 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 45 min. At 45 minutes the percentage of drug release for P1, P2 and P3 were found to be 98.7%, 99.8% and 98.9%. For the determination of model independent approaches brand P2 were selected as reference formulation. Similarity factor (f2), dissimilarity factor (f1) for brand P1, and P3 were found to be 73.5, 5 and 79.5, 3. All selected brands were subjected to model dependent approaches. In this study all tablets of selected brands P1, P2 and P3 followed First order and weibull model as the r2 values for first order were (0.9897), (0.9893) and (0.9837) and for weibull model r2 values were found to be (0.9937), (0.9953) and (0.9915).
 Conclusion: In this study successful application of Pharmacopeial and non Pharmacopeial tests on three different selected brands in Karachi, Pakistan were carried out however further work is recommended on large sample. Results were found to be in limit in accordance to the United States Pharmacopeia. Invitro multiple points interval dissolution studies were conducted at phosphate buffer pH 5.8 the data were subjected to several kinetic models by the application of Dissolution Data (DD solver) an add in program in Excel to determine release kinetics. Study demonstrated that all selected brands of Paracetamol 500 mg tablets followed first order kinetics and weibull model.

VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS DAN PENGUJIAN FORCE DEGRADATION STUDY PADA MEREK DAGANG YANG MENGANDUNG PARACETAMOL

Paracetamol is the drug most consumed by the public,so it’s necessary to carry out strict quality assurance. Therefore, a forced degradation study was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with various degradation conditions recommended by ICH. The research was conducted on five brands of paracetamol tablets that were treated with hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic, and thermal treatment, which were detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 243nm. The developed method is validated with linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantification parameters. The results obtained are selective, linear with a regression of 0.99; accurate with %Recovery between 99.4 - 100.9% and %CV <2%; and precision with %RSD <2%; LOD 24.35706967 mg/L; LOQ 79.95750448 mg/L. The five brands of drugs tested were subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. Under alkaline and oxidizing conditions, it was found that the degradation was beyond the limit of levels, according to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 90% - 110%.

In-vitro Evaluations of Quality Control Parameters of Paracetamol Tablets Marketed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

BackgroundThe aim of this research was to evaluate quality control parameters of available brands of paracetamol tablets in Gondar city since standard quality parameters are essential for a better quality of the product. The different brands of paracetamol tablets were obtained from local pharmacies in Gondar town and the University of Gondar (UOG) hospital pharmacies.MethodsFive brands of paracetamol, from each, 102 tablets were collected from private pharmacies, government health centers, and UOG pharmacies. The popular brands in the city, Panadol, Para-denk, Paramol, Paracetamol (EPHARM), and Cadimol, conventional tablets of 500 mg strength were chosen and the tablets were assessed for different quality parameters: weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, and drug content (assay) using compendial methods. The tablets were evaluated to check if they comply with the specifications of USP (United States Pharmacopeia).ResultsFrom the results, it was observed that all the brands of paracetamol have passed the tests and met the specifications of USP. Results of weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration time ranged from 0.46 to 1.11%, 117.0 to 174.70 N, 0.07 to 0.63%, and 01 to 08 minutes for all the tablets, respectively. The dissolution profiles of all the brands are within the acceptable label claim. The assay results showed that the drug content of the paracetamol brands ranged from 95.04% to 106.81%. The dissolution rate was significantly different (p < 0.05) as compared to code 1 with all brands tested at 30 minutes. The disintegration time of different brands was also significantly different from the comparator (code 1) except code 2.ConclusionBased on the finding from this study, there were no significant deviations from pharmacopeia standards and specifications. The brands studied were safe enough and could be used to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PARACETAMOL TABLET USING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC, POTENTIOMETRIC AND TRIMETRIC METHODS.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic, antipyretic and a mild anti inflammatory drug. In several developing countries some of pharmaceutical industries sale fake, counterfeit and substandard drugs which affect the health of people. The present study investigates the comparison for the quantitative determination of various brands of paracetamol tablet using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods. Four brands (Pacimol, Paracip, Parazest, and Crocin) of paracetamol tablets having 500 mg strength were purchased from various pharmacy shops within Pari chowk and Jagat market in Greater Noida, India. Weight variation test was performed before the assay of paracetamol samples. The result of tablets weight variation (Mean ± S.D) of Crocin, Parazest, Paracip and Pacimol brand was 0.66 ± 0.014, 0.64 ± 0.010, 0.58 ± 0.007 and 0.55 ± 0.009 respectively. All brands showed different mean weight which indicates the use of different excipients in the different brands. The ranges of the amount of paracetamol content (g/tab) for paracetamol samples analyzed using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods were from 0.49195-0.52010, 0.48300-0.52100 and 0.48106-0.50110 respectively. The results indicated that all four brands of paracetamol tablets have sufficient quantity and amount is approximately similar to the company’s recommended or claimed value. Similarly, the ranges of percentage content (assay) of the analyzed samples using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods were from 98.69-104.20%, 96.60-104.20%, and 96.21-100.22% respectively. The assay results indicated that variation among all brands and this may show that different manufacturer formulates the different brands are under the IP specification. However, all of the brands of the tablets under the study were complied with the IP specification and passed for weight variation test and assay conducted on it. Hence, the drug control authority of the government should be continuously monitored the safety, quality, and efficacy of paracetamol tablet through post marketing surveillance practices, and the proper internal quality control of the pharmaceutical companies need to take further necessary steps to ensure the continuity in the establishment of the product quantity and quality.&#x0D; Keywords: Assay, Brands, Comparative, Determination, Paracetamol, Tablets

Pharmaceutical Stability of Brands of Paracetamol Tablets under Different Environmental Conditions

Pharmaceutical Stability of Brands of Paracetamol Tablets under Different Environmental Conditions

Study of Post Compression Parameters of Various Marketed Paracetamol Tablets in India

Paracetamol belongs to the class of antipyretic and analgesic. Various brands of some dosage forms are available in the market with a common claim that they are all bioequivalent. The main objective of the present experiment was to evaluate post compression parameters of various brands of paracetamol tablets containing 650 mg of drug and to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. Paracetamol of 650 mg standard tablets from different manufacturers were selected in the studies. The post compression parameters like weight variation, friability, hardness, weight variation, disintegration, dissolution profiles were found to be varying but within the prescribed limit.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PARACETAMOL TABLETS IN YEMENI MARKET

Paracetamol or acetaminophen is active metabolites of phenacitin. It is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. Chemically, it is 4-hydroxy acetanilide (acetaminophen). Paracetamol is approved for reducing fever in people of all ages. It is commonly used for the relief of headaches, other minor aches and pains, and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Many different brands and dosage forms of paracetamol are available in Yemeni market that places health practitioners in a dilemma of drug substitution in case of non-availability of a particular brand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality control of four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) marketed and commonly prescribed in Yemeni market. The results and findings of the present study will be interpreted and discussed. Four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) were purchased from the retail pharmacy outlets and their pharmaceutical quality were assessed by using in-vitro tests according to USP and BP standards and unofficial standards as recommended by the manufacturers. The assessment of tablets included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, hardens, friability, disintegration time, dissolution test as well as assay content by UV spectrophotometric method. All brands passed USP and BP standards in- vitro quality control tests prescribed for the tablets except hardens test but all products were satisfactory for hardness. The results indicated that the overall quality of all tested paracetamol tablets brands was satisfactory as they met the requirements of the official and unofficial quality control tests.&#x0D;

Spectrophotometric determination of acetaminophen content of different brands of paracetamol tablets from Zliten

Paracetamol is a medicine compound commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic.1-5 It is classified as one of the drugs, known as aniline analgesics.6-9 It is used widely for the relief of a headache, other minor aches, pains, inflammations and a major ingredient in several cold and flu remedial combination drugs. While generally safe for use at a recommended dose, toxicity of paracetamol is the foremost cause of acute gastro intestinal problems.10-12 Paracetamol is considered to be the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), and recent reports suggest that it is highly selective for COX- 2. While it has analgesic and antipyretic properties comparable to those of aspirin or other NSAIDs, its peripheral anti-inflammatory activity is usually limited by several factors, one of which is high level of peroxides present in inflammatory lesions. It could be considered as one of Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID).13-20 Many methods for its determination have been described in literature, including chromatography (RP - HPLC), chemometric - assisted spectrophotometric spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry and electrochemistry.Many spectrophotometric methods required complicated treatment, such as long period of heating (60-90 min) using concentrated acids as hydrolysis reagent. This work based on the oxidation of paracetamol by using Cr(VI) in presence of 6M sulfuric acid and 15 min heating at 80 °C as shown in scheme 1.

Development and validation of a reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for content evaluation of some brands of paracetamol tablets sold in Abuja, Nigeria

A simple, rapid, accurate and economical isocratic Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) method was developed, validated and used for the evaluation of content of different brands of paracetamol tablets. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and may be adopted for the routine analysis of paracetamol in dosage forms both as single or combined formulation. Twelve brands of paracetamol tablets were randomly purchased from pharmacy stores around Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria and coded accordingly. Samples were analyzed using a validated isocratic RP-HPLC method with UV detection at 254 nm at ambient temperature. Analysis time was 6 minutes. The inter and intraday precision coefficient of variance for 2 and 8 μg/ml were less than 5% and the percentage recovery was more than 90%. Percentage contents ranged between 93.03- 126.43% (±0.81-11.12). 41.7% of the assessed brands passed while 58.3% failed with the values being either above or below the BP specification of 95-105% for percentage content of paracetamol in tablets. Keywords: Paracetamol; Reversed Phase HPLC; Routine Analysis; Pharmacy Stores

Comparative in-vitro analysis of different brands of paracetamol tablets available in Nepal

Objective: To examine the physico-chemical parameters of commercially available local and multinational brands of paracetamol tablets in Nepal. Methods: Different five paracetamol brands were explored by testing various parameters according to standard methods. The studied parameters included weight variation, friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay. The limits of the official test were referenced from official guidelines of Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) and British Pharmacopoeia (BP). All brands were tested according to their pharmacopoeial claim and methods for these tests were successfully conducted to find out their qualities. Those methods were economic and authentic. Results: Requirements of weight variation and friability value were complied by all brands. Fifteen minutes of disintegration time were also complied by all the brands according to the BP/IP recommendation for uncoated tablets. All brands showed not less than 80% drug release in 45 min as per BP and not less than 85% in 30 min as per IP. Content of each brand was found to be within the range of 95%–105%. The present findings suggested that about every paracetamol brand which was accessible in Nepali market encountering the IP/BP requirements. Conclusions: Although the physico-chemical examinations such as weight variation, friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay were detected varying brand wise, but were found interior to defined limits. Being an over-the-counter drug, the consumption of paracetamol is too high. Therefore, it is important for each brand to be genuine, good manufactured and well marketed. So, additional exploration over the quality of paracetamol is compulsory for safe human consumption.