Brand Mark Research Articles

The Yellow Emneror's Classic of Internal Medicine.

the winter of 1950, a Korean peasant was brought into an Army battalion aid station near Uijongbu. He was a dignified village elder who suffered raging fever and rigors. the process of determining that he had lobar pneumonia, his thorax was observed to contain burn blisters; they were neatly symmetrical, small discrete areas. Closer scrutiny revealed small brand marks over neck, arms, legs, and trunk. Inquiry through an interpreter disclosed that these were moxibustion sites (induced by burning cones of powdered leaves of the Artemisia vulgaris ). It was my first confrontation with the mysterious orbit of traditional oriental medicine. The Yellow Emperor's Classic begins with a portentous comment, In most Asiatic countries modern scientific medicine has not penetrated very deeply. And from here one is led into a strange world of philosophical-metaphysical-historical-medical thought. It is as unreal to the western clinician as though it all happened on

Recent developments in packaging potatoes for the retail market in the United Kingdom

The first attempts to market potatoes in the United Kingdom in unit retail packs were made in the twenties, but public response was so poor that these early endeavours soon died a natural death. Spasmodie attempts were again made to establish a market for cleaned and packaged potatoes in the early fifties, but even then the time was not ripe. However, success immediately attended the establishment in 1954 of two experimental packing stations, sponsored by the farmers' organisations; by 1959 sales had reached a total of at least 375 million packs per annum. This success was closely linked with the development of self-service stores. There were 2,100 such stores in the United Kingdom in 1954: today there are well over 7,000. Sales channels linked packers and retailers directly in the early years: nowadays, some 60% of the total volume of sales passes through the hands of wholesalers. The majority of packing stations is still owned by producers, however, and remains located in producing areas. In 1958/59, about 11% of the ware crop was packaged: the latest estimates suggest that that figure was considerably exceeded and may even have reached 20% during the most recent, the 1959/60 season. Almost the whole of this tonnage was packed into units of 3,5 or 5,0 lbs (approximately 1,6 or 2,2 kg). Typical modern packing stations are organized as a series of production lines, each of 5,000 or 6,000 kg per hour capacity. Buffer storage is usually provided at the packhouse for 5 or 6 days' requirement. This reserve is commonly held in sacks, only a very few packers practising bulk storage, and none at present storage in pallet boxes. Mechanical conveying has been popular in packhouses but it is now giving way to water fluming. Regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, and polythene films are customarily used for unit packs. Kraft paper for outers. Closure is normally by means of self adhesive tape, but rubber bands and wire staples are used to some extent. Outers are sewn or tied with a wire twist. Approximately 35% of packaged potatoes are dry bushed and some 60% washed, the remaining 5% being packed without cleaning. The porportion washed is increasing rapidly and the proportion dry-brushed declining, the public having shown a marked preference for the washed material. Washed potatoes are invariably dried in some measure, usually by sponge rubber rollers, but sometimes by the application of heat in addition. A pilot quality control scheme has been operated by the farmers' organizations during the past two years. This scheme is now being extended and an associated brand mark introduced: the brand mark will be nationally advertised.

New England Origins of Western Reserve Place Names

T HE YANKEE EXODUS' that swept westward from New England's stingy soil in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century scattered Yankee place names throughout the West.' Of all the Western regions, probably none bears the New England brand mark so distinctly as that northeastern corner of Ohio known as the Western Reserve. That strip of territory, running i20 miles west from Pennsylvania's western boundary between Lake Erie's south shore and the forty-first parallel, was withheld by Connecticut in 1786 upon ceding title to her Western land claims to the United States Government. Called variously 'New Connecticut,' 'the Connecticut Reserve,' and 'the Connecticut Western Reserve,' this land was sold in 1795 by the state of Connecticut to a loose association of promoters calling themselves the Connecticut Land Company.2 When stout, swarthy General Moses Cleaveland, acting as the company's agent, reached the mouth of Conneaut Creek on a July afternoon in 1796, he could scarcely contain his enthusiasm. Overcome by the drama of the moment of first setting foot on the soil of Connecticut's Western Reserve on the Fourth of July, Cleaveland broke open a barrel of good New England rum for distribution among the fifty-odd sweaty surveyors, chainmen, axmen, and others accompanying him. Surely, his mind harked back to that memorable Fourth, twenty years before, when as a Yale student he heard the colonies' cry for independence that would send him off with Connecticut's militia to fight the redcoats.