The article is dedicated to analyzing the structure of Ukraine's industry and its stages of development, as well as the issues of emissions of major harmful substances into the atmospheric air in the cities of Ukraine, particularly in the city of Kamianske. The main branches of Ukraine's industry include: machine building and metalworking, food, light, fuel and energy, chemical and petrochemical, forestry, pulp and paper, and building materials. Positive trends in industrial production development have been observed since 2000. However, the activities of enterprises and organizations in various branches of industry are a significant factor in the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. The main pollutants include: suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, soot, fluorine and chlorine hydrogen, ammonia, formaldehyde. Among the most polluted cities in Ukraine are Mariupol, Kamianske, Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, and Odesa. In the city of Kamianske, the biggest polluters of the atmospheric air are enterprises in the ferrous metallurgy, coke-chemical, and machine-building industries.