Set Of Branches Research Articles

Place of workplace law in the national legal system

The article proposes a system of law to be regarded as a set of elements of law that complement each other, interact and form a unity with a number of specific features. The author argues that in the system of law the emphasis is on the structure of law, the separation among its elements of the branch of sub branch, institutions, norms of law, and in the legal system, although the law is the main element, but not a single element, it is precisely because of this, to find out the phenomenon of service the right to determine its role in the legal system. The article proposes in the aspect of the field of structural law of the law to consider it as a set of branches, sub-sectors, institutes and norms of law. The author analyzes scientific approaches to the understanding of the service law as an industry, sub branch, institute of administrative law, distinguishes the features of the service law and proves that it has signs in the subregion of administrative law. It is proposed to consider the system of law in the aspect of the division of the right to public and private, material and procedural, regulatory and security, and analyze their definitions, characteristics, specifics of each of them. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the above-mentioned provisions, the author proposes to consider the place of service law in the system of law in terms of its division into public and private as a sub-area of public law. In clarifying the place of service law in the system of law in the division of material and procedural, the author notes that the employment law combines material and procedural norms and acts in material and procedural law. In the context of the division of the right to a law, the regulator and guardian of the author notes that the service law combines norms and regulatory and security, which is why it is regulative-security, however, the regulatory element is still dominant. The author notes that only in the complex should consider all these issues to clarify the place of employment law in the system of national law

Exotic holographic RG flows at finite temperature

Black hole solutions and their thermodynamics are studied in Einstein-scalar theories. The associated zero-temperature solutions are non-trivial holographic RG flows. These include solutions which skip intermediate extrema of the bulk scalar potential or feature an inversion of the direction of the flow of the coupling (bounces). At finite temperature, a complex set of branches of black hole solutions is found. In some cases, first order phase transitions are found between the black-hole branches. In other cases, black hole solutions are found to exist even for boundary conditions which did not allow a zero-temperature vacuum flow. Finite-temperature solutions driven solely by the vacuum expectation value of a perturbing operator (zero source) are found and studied. Such solutions exist generically (i.e. with no special tuning of the potential) in theories in which the vacuum flows feature bounces. It is found that they exhibit conformal thermodynamics.

Influence of Chemical and Physical Variables on 87Sr/86Sr Isotope Ratios Determination for Geographical Traceability Studies in the Oenological Food Chain

This study summarizes the results obtained from a systematic and long-term project aimed at the development of tools to assess the provenance of food in the oenological sector. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were measured on a representative set of soils, branches, and wines sampled from the Chianti Classico wine production area. In particular, owing to the high spatial resolution of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the topsoil, the effect of two mill techniques for soil pretreatment was investigated to verify the influence of the particle dimension on the measured isotopic ratios. Samples with particle sizes ranging from 250 to less than 50 µm were investigated, and the extraction was performed by means of the DIN 19730 procedure. For each sample, the Sr isotope ratio was determined as well. The obtained results showed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio is not influenced by soil particle size and may represent an effective tool as a geographic provenance indicator for the investigated product.

Material Science & Metallurgical Engineering Education in India-Past, Present & Future

Metallurgy as a science discipline has been established from the beginning of stone-age. It is imperative to note as we have progressed we have added facets of material science to it and the field has evolved into a discipline of engineering. From science fiction to reality the inherent inter-disciplinary nature of this branch sets up the need of its education and training. There have been several instances in when the pivot of development has completely changed due to advancement in material science and metallurgy whether it is semiconductor industry or space industry. In this paper, we have reviewed the scope and development of this discipline in India detailing through the course of history to the present status.

The oxidation kinetic study of mechanically milled ultrafine iron powders by thermogravimetric analysis

The effect of mechanical milling on the oxidation kinetics of ultrafine iron powders was investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The initial α-Fe powder with average particles size of 100 nm was made by the electric explosion of wire. The milling of iron powder was carried out by AGO-2S planetary ball mill using a rotation speed of 2220 rpm and the milling times of 15 and 40 min. According to the XRD data, the main content of α-Fe was observed in all samples. However, a certain amount (~ 20 mass%) of wustite phase (FeO) is formed after ball milling of ultrafine iron powders. From TG analysis, the powders milling leads to increase in the temperature of thermal oxidation onset and shifts the reaction to higher temperatures. A model-free isoconversional method of the Friedman analysis was employed only in a first qualitative approximation. More accurate kinetics parameters were obtained using the multivariate nonlinear regressions, where three-step reaction with branching set of n-order equations for each step was chosen.

Zero distribution for Angelesco Hermite–Padé polynomials

This paper considers the zero distribution of Hermite–Padé polynomials of the first kind associated with a vector function whose components are functions with a finite number of branch points in the plane. The branch sets of component functions are assumed to be sufficiently well separated (which constitutes the Angelesco case). Under this condition, a theorem on the limit zero distribution for such polynomials is proved. The limit measures are defined in terms of a known vector equilibrium problem. The proof of the theorem is based on methods developed by Stahl [59]–[63] and Gonchar and the author [27], [55]. These methods are generalized further in the paper in application to collections of polynomials defined by systems of complex orthogonality relations. Together with the characterization of the limit zero distributions of Hermite–Padé polynomials in terms of a vector equilibrium problem, the paper considers an alternative characterization using a Riemann surface associated with . In these terms, a more general conjecture (without the Angelesco condition) on the zero distribution of Hermite–Padé polynomials is presented. Bibliography: 72 titles.

Геометрия электростатических полей

Electrostatic fields have been most fully studied as special cases of electromagnetic field. They are created by a set of charged bodies that are considered immovable in relation to the observer and unchanged in time [1–3; 19; 20; 27]. Since any field is characterized by basic quantities, then such quantities for electrostatic fields are strength E and potential ϕ. Therefore, geometrically, such fields are characterized by a combination of force and equipotential lines. These fields were considered in the thesis of N.P. Anikeeva [1]. In particular, the author notes that in the case of dissimilar equal charges "... families of force and equipotential lines make up two orthogonal bundles of circles" [1, p. 59]. However, it is necessary to clarify that each "force" circle gj represents by itself not one but two lines of force, which emanate from a positive charge and terminate on a negative one. A similar review on the work [1] can be done with respect to the picture of two equal positive charges’ electrostatic field. Here the author considers a family ui of equipotential lines, which are Cassini ovals. It is truly said that these ovals belong to the fourth-order bicircular curves of genre 1 (have two double imaginary points, which are cyclic). But these ovals’ family includes one curve of zero genre — the Bernoulli lemniscate; it has three double points (two of them are the same cyclic ones, and one is real, which coincides with the origin of coordinates). In addition, it has been noted that "... the lines of current are equilateral hyperbolas gj» [1, p. 63]. However, clarification is also required here. The lines of force exit from each point charge and each line has two opposite directions. One such line of "double direction" forms only one branch of an equilateral hyperbola. A similar set of branches of equilateral hyperbolas also emanates from the second charge.

Compact Stein surfaces as branched covers with same branch sets

Loi and Piergallini showed that a smooth compact, connected $4$-manifold $X$ with boundary admits a Stein structure if and only if $X$ is a simple branched cover of a $4$-disk $D^4$ branched along a positive braided surface $S$ in a bidisk $D_{1}^{2} \times D_{2}^{2} \approx D^4$. For each integer $N \geq 2$, we construct a braided surface $S_{N}$ in $D^4$ and simple branched covers $X_{N, 1}, X_{N, 2}, \dots , X_{N, N}$ of $D^{4}$ branched along $S_{N}$ such that the covers have the same degrees, and they are mutually diffeomorphic, but the Stein structures associated to the covers are mutually not homotopic. Furthermore, by reinterpreting this result in terms of contact topology, for each integer $N \geq 2$, we also construct a transverse link $L_{N}$ in the standard contact $3$-sphere $(S^3, \xi_{std})$ and simple branched covers $M_{N,1}, M_{N,2}, \ldots, M_{N, N}$ of $S^3$ branched along $L_{N}$ such that the covers have the same degrees, and they are mutually diffeomorphic, but the contact structures associated to the covers are mutually not isotopic.

A Star-Channel Modular Multilevel Converter for Zero/Low-Fundamental-Frequency Operation Without Injecting Common-Mode Voltage

This paper proposes a star-channel modular multilevel converter (MMC). It overcomes the zero/low-fundamental-frequency operation issues of conventional MMC while not injecting the common-mode voltage (CMV). The proposed converter is characterized by the cross connections of upper three arms and lower three arms through two sets of star-channel branches. These star-channel branches rebalance the power among three phase legs, resulting in minimized submodule capacitor voltage ripples even at zero/low-fundamental-frequency operation without CMV injection. This feature enables the proposed converter to interface medium/high-voltage DC and variable-frequency AC systems. A 4160-V 1-MW simulation model is performed in MATLAB/Simulink, and a 208-V 5-kW experimental setup is constructed in the lab. Both of the simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposal.

Mappings of finite distortion: Size of the branch set

Abstract We study the branch set of a mapping between subsets of ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} , i.e., the set where a given mapping is not defining a local homeomorphism. We construct several sharp examples showing that the branch set or its image can have positive measure.

Development of 87Sr/86Sr maps as targeted strategy to support wine quality

This study summarizes the results obtained from a systematic and long-term project aimed at the development of tools to assess the provenance of food in the oenological sector. In particular, 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were measured on statistically representative set of soils, vine branches and wines sampled in the production district of Modena, worldwide known for the Lambrusco wines production. The obtained data were used to build strontium isotopic maps able to objectively support the Lambrusco PDO wines origin as well as other products of the Modena district.Finally, a strong relationship was found between the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of soils and vine branches on a large scale, highlighting and confirming once more the idea that plants can also represent an optimal sampling device to support geographical traceability.

Large-scale genomic analysis shows association between homoplastic genetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes and meningeal or pulmonary tuberculosis

BackgroundMeningitis is the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis. It is largely unknown why some people develop pulmonary TB (PTB) and others TB meningitis (TBM); we examined if the genetic background of infecting M. tuberculosis strains may be relevant.MethodsWe whole-genome sequenced M. tuberculosis strains isolated from 322 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients from Indonesia and compared isolates from patients with TBM (n = 106) and PTB (n = 216). Using a phylogeny-adjusted genome-wide association method to count homoplasy events we examined phenotype-related changes at specific loci or genes in parallel branches of the phylogenetic tree. Enrichment scores for the TB phenotype were calculated on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene, and pathway level. Genetic associations were validated in an independent set of isolates.ResultsStrains belonged to the East-Asian lineage (36.0%), Euro-American lineage (61.5%), and Indo-Oceanic lineage (2.5%). We found no association between lineage and phenotype (Chi-square = 4.556; p = 0.207). Large genomic differences were observed between isolates; the minimum pairwise genetic distance varied from 17 to 689 SNPs. Using the phylogenetic tree, based on 28,544 common variable positions, we selected 54 TBM and 54 PTB isolates in terminal branch sets with distinct phenotypes. Genetic variation in Rv0218, and absence of Rv3343c, and nanK were significantly associated with disease phenotype in these terminal branch sets, and confirmed in the validation set of 214 unpaired isolates.ConclusionsUsing homoplasy counting we identified genetic variation in three separate genes to be associated with the TB phenotype, including one (Rv0218) which encodes a secreted protein that could play a role in host-pathogen interaction by altering pathogen recognition or acting as virulence effector.

Magnetostatic waves in a medium with damping

By means of consistent solution of the motion equation for magnetization the consideration of energy dissipation for magnetostatic surface waves propagating on in-plane magnetized ferrite plate is regarded. The complex character of the wave number caused by the dissipation is revealed. In this case the dispersion relations for the real and imaginary parts of the wave number are obtained. It is shown that dispersion curves are limited both by the wave number and frequency, and these restrictions tighten with an increase in the damping parameter. Also, it is predicted that there is a new set of branches of the backward dissipative waves. Both for forward and backward waves there is a critical value of the damping parameter and propagation angle, beyond which it does not exist.

Predicting voluntary turnover through human resources database analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to question whether the available data in the human resources (HR) system could result in reliable turnover predictions without supplementary survey information.Design/methodology/approachA decision tree approach and a logistic regression model for analysing turnover were introduced. The methodology is illustrated on a real-life data set of a Belgian branch of a private company. The model performance is evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) measure.FindingsIt was concluded that data in the personnel system indeed lead to valuable predictions of turnover.Practical implicationsThe presented approach brings determinants of voluntary turnover to the surface. The results yield useful information for HR departments. Where the logistic regression results in a turnover probability at the individual level, the decision tree makes it possible to ascertain employee groups that are at risk for turnover. With the data set-based approach, each company can, immediately, ascertain their own turnover risk.Originality/valueThe study of a data-driven approach for turnover investigation has not been done so far.

Constraints on the Distance Moduli, Helium, and Metal Abundances, and Ages of Globular Clusters from Their RR Lyrae and Non-variable Horizontal Branch Stars. II. Multiple Stellar Populations in 47 Tuc, M3, and M13

Abstract We present a new set of horizontal branch (HB) models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code. The models adopt α-enhanced Asplund et al. metal mixtures and include the gravitational settling of He. They are used in our HB population synthesis tool to generate theoretical distributions of HB stars in order to describe the multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, and M13. The observed HB in 47 Tuc is reproduced very well by our simulations for and if the initial helium mass fraction varies by , and approximately 21%, 37%, and 42% of the stars have , 0.270, and 0.287, respectively. These simulations yield , implying an age near 13.0 Gyr. In the case of M3 and M13, our synthetic HBs for and match the observed ones quite well if M3 has and , resulting in an age of 12.6 Gyr, whereas M13 has and , implying an age of 12.9 Gyr. Mass loss during giant branch evolution and appear to be the primary second parameters for M3 and M13. New observations for seven of the nine known RR Lyrae in M13 are also reported. Surprisingly, periods predicted for the c-type variables tend to be too high (by up to ∼0.1 days).

Steady state multiplicity of novel reactive distillation combined distillation column with side reactors for the production of cyclohexyl acetate

Multiple steady states (MSS) of a novel reactive distillation combined distillation column with side reactors for the production of cyclohexyl acetate were theoretically studied. A set of steady-state solution branches for product content in the column bottom with the variation of reboiler heat duty were tracked based on the “Sensitivity” and “Design Specs/Very” functions in ASPEN PLUS. For identical module and feed specifications, three distinctly different composition profiles corresponding to high/medium/low conversion of cyclohexene respectively were obtained. The main variables that affect the steady state behavior are the reboiler heat duty and the number of stripping stages. To explore the physical explanation of the MSS in the integrated process, residual curve analysis was presented in both the actual and ideal ternary systems for comparison. The bottom- product point is not singular and a distillation trajectory can pass through the material balance curve, which explains the existence of MSS.

Eckhaus instability in the Lugiato-Lefever model

We study theoretically the primary and secondary instabilities undergone by the stationary periodic patterns in the Lugiato-Lefever equation in the focusing regime. Direct numerical simulations in a one-dimensional periodic domain show discrete changes of the periodicity of the patterns emerging from unstable homogeneous steady states. Through continuation methods of the steady states we reveal that the system exhibits a set of wave instability branches. The organisation of these branches suggests the existence of an Eckhaus scenario, which is characterized in detail by means of the derivation of their amplitude equation in the weakly nonlinear regime. The continuation in the highly nonlinear regime shows that the furthest branches become unstable through a Hopf bifurcation.

A network model for the complex behavior of the rate of profit: Exploring a simulation model with overlapping technological revolutions

This article proposes a network model to replicate the behaviour of the profit rate in the long run. Specifically, it accounts for the results of an empirical investigation of the profit rate in the US, which show that it has fractal properties and its complexity changes over time. The starting point of the model is Marx’s insights on the interplay between the tendency of the rate to fall and its countertendencies. It combines these insights with the persistent generation of new commodities – inventions – and a specific set of new branches of production that triggers technological revolutions. A simulation running this network model successfully replicates historical features of the system.

Thermoelectric battery based on bundles of Bi and Sb nanowires in anodic alumina matrices

A model of a microthermoelectric battery consisting of series connected thermoelectric cells of one-dimensional nanostructures formed into bundles by external contacts is proposed. The electrochemical processes of forming Bi and Sb nanowire arrays with the required dimensions and physicochemical properties in porous anodic alumina templates with large length-to-diameter ratios are studied and developed. The design and basis of the fabrication technology of microthermoelectric battery branches are developed, whose heat flow density will be controlled by the Seebeck coefficient measured at external contacts connecting the nanowire ends. It is shown that a set of parallel branches in the battery can be fabricated due to a high density of nanowire packing in a porous matrix, which will make it possible to achieve a fundamentally higher increase in the microheat meter efficiency.

Receiver design for spread-spectrum communications with a small spread in underwater clustered multipath channels.

This paper studies a direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication system with a small spreading factor (e.g., a single digit) in underwater acoustic multipath channels. Exploiting the channel characteristics that the propagation paths can be grouped into distinct clusters, a receiver with a set of parallel branches is proposed, where per-survivor processing (PSP) is applied on each branch to deal with the signal from one cluster while explicitly treating the signals from other clusters as structured interference. As such, it overcomes a major limitation of an existing PSP based receiver [Zhou, Morozov, and Preisig, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 2746-2754 (2013)], avoiding exponential complexity increase when the spreading factor decreases. On the first branch, joint channel estimation and interference cancellation are performed based solely on the survivor paths. On the other branches, joint channel estimation and interference cancellation are carried out based on the survivor paths and the tentatively decoded data. The bit log-likelihood ratios from different branches are combined for channel decoding. Performance results based on simulations and collected data sets validate the superior performance of the proposed receiver over the conventional RAKE receiver, which is effective only when the spreading factor is large.