Division Of Branches Research Articles

External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation as a Non-pharmacological Option for the Prevention and Acute Treatment of Migraine

Migraine is a common condition affecting approximately 1.04 billion people worldwide. Despite the available pharmaceutical therapies, patients with migraine often prefer, or may require, non-medicinal treatments for their disease. External trigeminal nerve stimulation (e-TNS) is a non-invasive, non-drug device treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and acute treatment of migraine. The trigeminovascular system plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology; e-TNS percutaneously stimulates the supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. This article reviews published studies of e-TNS in the prevention and acute treatment of migraine, highlights the versatility of e-TNS in individualizing migraine treatment and discusses future directions for research and clinical applications of e-TNS therapy.

Reconstrucción protorromance desde la fonética: problemas metodológicos y propuestas cronológicas

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to establish an ordered timeline of the phonetic shifts that oral Latin experienced since the split of Sardinian up to the disintegration of the western family; at the same time, some methodological problems about the graphic representation of the relations among languages are discussed. Consequently, we propose a division of the branches of the Romance family and outline the phonological systems that characterized each group.

Social Phenomenology as a Factor of Self-organization of Democracy

The study investigates the self-organizational bases of democracy. The author proves that social phenomenology is the self-organizational basis of democracy. The main idea of the article is that the self-organization of democracy has a phenomenological dimension. It is established that the self-organization bases of democracy are such structural elements of social phenomenology of democracy as social feelings – voluntariness, responsibility, openness, respect, tolerance, solidarity, honesty, humanness, trust, devotion to the ideals of democracy and sacrifice for them. It is substantiated that the elements of social phenomenology of democracy are such values as egalitarianism, rule of law, freedom, justice, the plurality of values, democratic competition, civic peace and cooperation. It is shown that the social phenomenology of democracy is the basis for support of such democratic institutions and procedures as a division of branches of power, fair and free elections, the secrecy of the ballot, deliberation, control over government and multiparty system.

Efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization for intractable postpartum hemorrhage due to genital tract trauma after vaginal delivery

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for intractable postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to genital tract trauma (GTT) after vaginal delivery.MethodsWe evaluated 27 patients who underwent TAE for intractable PPH due to GTT after vaginal delivery at our institution between January 2008 and December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to TAE procedure; TAE performed as close as possible to the bleeding point, at least more peripherally than the second branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, was defined as superselective TAE (S-TAE). TAE performed from the proximal segment of the internal iliac artery was defined as proximal TAE (P-TAE). Patient characteristics, pre-procedural contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), procedure details, technical/clinical success, and complications were evaluated separately for the S-TAE and P-TAE groups.ResultsThe combined technical/clinical success rate was 92%. No major procedure-related complications were seen (mean follow-up: 6.12 ± 3.93 days). The combined technical/clinical success rate of S-TAE was 100% and of P-TAE was 67% (p = 0.04). S-TAE was performed more frequently in patients with pre-procedural CE-CT (p = 0.01) and use of permanent embolic materials (p = 0.003).ConclusionS-TAE is safe and effective for intractable PPH due to GTT. Pre-procedural CE-CT may be useful for detecting the culprit artery and be helpful in performing S-TAE.

BER enhanced receiver for PHO-OFDM-based optical wireless communications

In this paper, a soft-equalization-based single iterative receiver is proposed for the recently proposed PAM-DMT-based hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PHO-OFDM) system to enhance its bit error rate (BER) performance. The interlayer interference and clipping noise of the pulse amplitude modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT) branch and DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) branch are first reduced by a soft-equalization method in the frequency domain. Then, the pairwise clipping (PC) and pairwise averaging (PA) are further introduced to correct the regenerated time-domain branch signals according to the corresponding branch symmetry properties. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed receiver can realize improved BER performance over the conventional counterpart under both the linear and nonlinear transmission model.

Management of temporomandibular disorders in the primary care setting

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a major cause of orofacial pain resulting in significant morbidity and reduction in an individual’s perceived quality of life. They are a group of disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and surrounding structures. Up to 70% of the general population have detectable signs of TMDs, of whom only 15% are significantly affected and only 5% seek treatment, with women being twice as likely to be affected. Most acute articular inflammation is transient, resulting in patients not seeking treatment, and those with chronic pain tend to have acute exacerbations managed with simple conservative measures. The TMJ is a ginglymoarthrodial joint between the mandibular condyle and temporal bone of the skull, with the external auditory canal as its posterior border. It is the most frequently used joint in the body and comprises two joint spaces separated by an articular disc, allowing it to function as both a sliding and hinge joint. The joint has proximity to numerous other structures and is intrinsically related to the masticatory muscles, with the lateral pterygoid having anterior attachments to both the condylar head and the disc. Branches of the third division of the trigeminal nerve provide sensory innervation to the TMJ via the auriculotemporal and masseteric branches of the mandibular nerve.

Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemorrhage after gynecologic hysterectomy: a multicenter study.

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is not common for hemorrhagic complications after gynecologic hysterectomy. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TAE for hemorrhage after hysterectomy for gynecologic diseases. This is a retrospective, multicenter study, which investigated 11 patients (median age = 45 years) who underwent TAE for hemorrhage after gynecologic hysterectomy between 2004 and 2020. The median interval between surgery and angiography was one day (range = 0-82 days). Hemodynamic instability and massive transfusion were present in 6 (54.5%) and 4 (36.4%) patients, respectively. CT scans (n = 7) showed contrast extravasation (n = 5), pseudoaneurysm (n = 1), or both (n = 1). On angiography, the bleeding arteries were the anterior division branches of the internal iliac artery (IIA) (n = 6), posterior division branch (lateral sacral artery, n = 1), and inferior epigastric artery (n = 1) in eight patients with active bleeding. In the remaining three patients, angiographic staining without active bleeding foci was observed at the vaginal stump, and the feeders for staining were all anterior division branches of the IIA. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 90.9% (10/11), respectively. In one patient, active bleeding focus was successfully embolized on angiography, but surgical hemostasis was performed for suspected bleeding on exploratory laparotomy. Postembolization syndrome occurred in one patient. TAE is effective and safe for hemorrhage after hysterectomy for gynecologic diseases. Angiographic findings are primarily active bleeding, but angiographic staining is not uncommon. A bleeding focus is possible in any branch of the IIA, as well as the arteries supplying the abdominal wall.

Brachial Plexus Injuries – Review of the Anatomy and the Treatment Options

Brachial plexus injuries are still challenging for every surgeon taking part in treating patients with BPI. Injuries of the brachial plexus can be divided into injuries of the upper trunk, extended upper trunk, injuries of the lower trunk and swinging hand where all of the roots are involved in this type of the injury. Brachial plexus can be divided in five anatomical sections from its roots to its terminal branches: roots, trunks, division, cords and terminal branches. Brachial plexus ends up as five terminal branches, responsible for upper limb innervation, musculocutaneous, median nerve, axillary nerve, radial and ulnar nerve. According to the findings from the preoperative investigation combined with clinically found functional deficit, the type of BPI will be confirmed and that is going to determine which surgical procedure, from variety of them (neurolysis, nerve graft, neurotization, arthrodesis, tendon transfer, free muscle transfer, bionic reconstruction) is appropriate for treating the patient.

Lifetime genealogical divergence within plants leads to epigenetic mosaicism in the shrub Lavandula latifolia (Lamiaceae).

Epigenetic mosaicism is a possible source of within-plant phenotypic heterogeneity, yet its frequency and developmental origin remain unexplored. This study examines whether extant epigenetic heterogeneity within Lavandula latifolia (Lamiaceae) shrubs reflects recent epigenetic modifications experienced independently by different plant parts or, alternatively, it is the cumulative outcome of a steady lifetime process. Leaf samples from different architectural modules (branch tips) were collected from three L.latifolia plants and characterized epigenetically by global DNA cytosine methylation and methylation state of methylation-sensitive amplified fragment-length polymorphism (MS-AFLP) markers. Epigenetic characteristics of modules were then assembled with information on the branching history of plants. Methods borrowed from phylogenetic research were used to assess genealogical signal of extant epigenetic variation and reconstruct within-plant genealogical trajectory of epigenetic traits. Plants were epigenetically heterogeneous, as shown by differences among modules in global DNA methylation and variation in the methylation states of 6 to 8% of MS-AFLP markers. All epigenetic features exhibited significant genealogical signal within plants. Events of epigenetic divergence occurred throughout the lifespan of individuals and were subsequently propagated by branch divisions. Internal epigenetic diversification of L.latifolia individuals took place steadily during their development, a process which eventually led to persistent epigenetic mosaicism.

Anatomical Study of the Medialis Pedis Flap and its clinical applications in Asian Singaporean Patients

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to revisit the medial plantar artery's anatomy and study its distribution for raising the medialis pedis flap. Several investigators have reported their clinical experience with the use of this flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand. However, many have reported difficulty raising the flap due to variations in its arterial anatomy and the confusion that exists with respect to the nomenclature in our literature. MethodsThis study was divided into 2 parts: an anatomic study and clinical application. In the anatomic study, 12 cadaveric feet specimens from 6 patients were injected with latex and barium-gelatin injections and the medial branch of the deep division of the medial plantar artery distribution was studied. We then described the use of a medialis pedis flap in four clinical cases to cover defects of the digits. ResultsThe anatomic study revealed that the average pedicle length of the deep division of the medial plantar artery was 1.94cm. In the four illustrative clinical cases where the flap was used, the average flap size was 4.5 × 3.75cm. Donor sites were either closed primarily or with skin grafts. The vessels used for this flap were the medial branch of the deep division of the medial plantar artery and venae commitantes, or subcutaneous veins which provided the superficial drainage. All flaps were successful without any significant complications. The study is novel in that it describes the anatomic variability of length of the medial branch of the deep division of the medial plantar artery that exits in nature. ConclusionsThis paper describes the medial branch of the deep division of the medial plantar artery and the anatomic variations that exist in the raising of the medialis pedis flap. We have shown how a medialis pedis flap is an ideal option for reconstructing soft tissue defects of the hand because of its texture, bulkiness and pliability in the context of like for like reconstruction.

Prostatic Artery Embolization through the Profunda Femoris Artery

AbstractAn 88-year-old catheter-dependent patient with peripheral vascular disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was referred for prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Selective angiography of the left internal iliac artery (IIA) revealed a 2.5-cm aneurysm and a single artery comprising the anterior division of the IIA (inferior gluteal artery). No prostatic artery (PA) was identified on the left. Additional angiography of the left external iliac artery (EIA), right IIA, and right EIA did not demonstrate prostatic perfusion. The right profunda femoris artery was then selected given previously reported atherosclerotic collaterals, which revealed an ascending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery coursing through the upper thigh into the pelvis and reconstituting the right anterior division of the IIA. A 2.4-French microcatheter (Terumo) and 0.018-inch wire (Transcend, Boston Scientific) were used to enter the pelvic vasculature, right PA was identified, and a 2-mm coil was used to perform embolization of a potential nontarget anterior division branch. Embolization of the right PA was then performed with 250-µm particulate and Gelfoam slurry. Two-week follow-up revealed spontaneous voiding and catheter independence.

Some problems of the branch division of Russian law

Some problems of the branch division of Russian law

SUPPORTING BIBLIOGRAPHY: THE ORIGINS

One of the functions of a bibliographer is to perform thematic bibliographic reference – the selection of literature on a topic. Among the thematic queries that arise, there are queries of increased complexity. To fulfill queries efficiently and in time a bibliographer must have relevant knowledge, broad outlook, and awareness in various fields of science and industry. The origin of bibliography began in antiquity. One of the first bibliographic works was composed by Callimachus (310–240 B.C.): «Catalog of writers who shined in all areas of education and the works that they wrote». Reference and bibliographic literature in art history of Ancient Rus’ was a certain system with a specific set of information. First there were the literary church sources, then – the translation of literary heroes and scenes into painting subjects, and further – the fixation within the text of other interpretations and artistic solutions. Of interest are tractates on art in Ancient Rus’, canons of icon writing in the form of drawings made from icons, or oral, which were called «Originals». A general bibliography was mostly developed in Ancient Rus’ – science had no branch division. Further there was a need for inventories. In the 16th century, the bibliography already took recommendatory forms. Such was the “Index” of Arseny Vysoky, the book keeper of the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery. The compiler grouped bibliographic recommendations by topic. In the second half of the 17th century, the ideology of the Enlightenment began to play a significant role that led to publishing of special educational and reference manuals of a secular nature: subject, biographical, and terminological dictionaries, catalogues of art collections and exhibitions. In the second half of the century, there was a tendency to compile lists of works of one master. Auction catalogues appeared. The history of supporting bibliography, without which it is difficult to imagine the progress in science, goes back to centuries. At first, when the need arose for it, it was imperfect, only attempts were made to compile it. In future, the representation of its types and information content were expanded. It has finally formed by now, at the same time it is constantly being improved.

Establishing diagnostic criteria and treatment of subsegmental pulmonary embolism: A Delphi analysis of experts

BackgroundImproved imaging techniques have increased the incidence of subsegmental pulmonary embolism (ssPE). Indirect evidence is suggesting that ssPE may represent a more benign presentation of venous thromboembolism not necessarily requiring anticoagulant treatment. However, correctly diagnosing ssPE is challenging with reported low interobserver agreement, partly due to the lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria. ObjectivesWe sought to derive uniform diagnostic criteria for ssPE, guided by expert consensus. MethodsBased on an extensive literature review and expert opinion of a Delphi steering committee, two surveys including statements regarding diagnostic criteria and management options for ssPE were established. These surveys were conducted electronically among two panels, respectively: expert thoracic radiologists and clinical venous thromboembolism specialists. The Delphi method was used to achieve consensus after multiple survey rounds. Consensus was defined as a level of agreement >70%. ResultsTwenty‐nine of 40 invited radiologists (73%) and 40 of 51 clinicians (78%) participated. Following two survey rounds by the expert radiologists, consensus was achieved on 15 of 16 statements, including on the established diagnostic criteria for ssPE (96% agreement): a contrast defect in a subsegmental artery, that is, the first arterial branch division of any segmental artery independent of artery diameter, visible in at least two subsequent axial slices, using a computed tomography scanner with a desired maximum collimator width of ≤1 mm. These criteria were approved by 83% of the clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) specialists. The clinical expert panel favored anticoagulant treatment in case of prior VTE, antiphospholipid syndrome, pregnancy, cancer, and proximal deep vein thrombosis. ConclusionThe results of this analysis provide standard radiological criteria for ssPE that may be applicable in both clinical trials and practice.

Examination of The Levels of Team Identification and Respect for Opposite Approach of University Students In Terms of Different Variables

Bu çalışmanın amacı; yarının eğitimcileri olacak olan beden eğitimi spor yüksekokulu ile eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından takım özdeşleşme ve karşıt görüşe saygı düzeylerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 2018-2019 akademik yıl içerisinde Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi bünyesinde öğrenim gören 290 beden eğitimi spor yüksekokulu öğrencisiyle 299 eğitim fakültesi öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, öğrencilere yönelik kişisel bilgi formu, Gülle (2018) tarafından geliştirilen ‘’sporda karşıt görüşe saygı ve öz denetim ölçeği’’ ile Wann ve Branscombe (1993) tarafından geliştirilen Günay ve Tiryaki (2003)’nin geçerlik, güvenirlik çalışmasını yaptığı ‘’spor taraftarı özdeşleşme ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin bu iki ölçekten aldıkları ortalama puanlarının; cinsiyet, düzenli spor yapıp yapmama, izlediği spor dalı, bölüm gibi değişkenler açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin hesaplanmasında ise SPSS 17 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağıldığı saptanmış ve parametrik testlerden olan bağımsız örneklem t testi ile tek yönlü varyans analiz testi (ANOVA) ve Pearson Korelasyon Testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada anlamlılık düzeyi (p)

Anomalies and Clinical Significance of Mylohyoid Nerve: A Review.

BackgroundThe mylohyoid nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), which is a branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (MN). It is the source of motor nerve supply to the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. At times, it provides sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth and skin below the chin. Since the location, anatomical variation and communications of the mylohyoid nerve are varied, it becomes clinically important to have an in-depth knowledge when treating patients for dental and maxillofacial procedures. Such anatomical variations of the mylohyoid nerve innervations may account for failure of the nerve blocks and hence, knowledge is very important for the practitioner.Materials and MethodsA thorough literature search was done using the key words mandibular nerve, communications of the mylohyoid nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, failure of dental anaesthesia, mylohyoid nerve and dental implants “from the Databases – PubMed, Scopus Embase and Web of Science (years 1952–2020)”.ResultsThe mylohyoid nerve may contain motor and sensory fibres, it may pass through the mylohyoid groove or canal and communicate with other nerves, which is clinically significant. Such anatomical variations may be one of the reasons for the failure of the inferior alveolar nerve block.ConclusionAwareness of these variations is very significant in planning treatment and avoiding any unnecessary steps. The most frequently encountered anatomic variation of the mylohyoid nerve was innervation of the submental skin and the anterior teeth.

ANALISIS KINERJA UNDERWRITER DALAM MENENTUKAN CALON PESERTA PADA PRODUK ASURANSI MOBILKOE (Studi Pada PT Asuransi Umum Bumiputera 1967 Cabang Serang)

Every company really needs workers as actors who can carry out company activities in order to achieve the expected goals for it is expected that a worker who has quality human resources. Unfortunately this has not been matched by quality workforce. Often the opening of a branch or new Islamic insurance division is only supported by a limited number of workers because the need for Underwriter-certified Underwriters is still lacking. Development and marketing of insurance products must be supported by the availability of human resources that enable the good implementation of Underwriter performance Underwriter performance. in sharia insurance has an important role because he determines whether insurance coverage is acceptable or not
 Based on the results of the analysis conducted by researchers on research, there is a role for Underwriters' performance in determining prospective participants in mobilkoe insurance products, namely: improving service quality, applying quality of human resources in performance, risk identification, risk assessment, risk estimation and acceptability, and risk sharing, as well as the obstacles encountered by the Underwriters in determining the prospective participants in mobilkoe insurance products are the availability of incomplete participant data, data on previous participant experience and prospective participants do not provide the desired benefit budget, while the solution is to contact Agent in order to obtain additional information needed by an Underwriter.

Application of Floyd Algorithm in the Design of a Coastal Tourism Route Optimization System

Yang, J., 2020. Application of Floyd algorithm in the design of a coastal tourism route optimization system. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 668–671. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Reasonable travel designs for tourists attempt to achieve the least cost and the best travel experience. Distributed decision making with gradual optimization by the MATLAB Floyd operation can find the shortest path from a starting point to a tourist destination in a nationwide division of branches. An algorithm is derived and applied in this paper and, when popularized, will allow a choice of starting point, ending point, and intermediate scenic spots and can be expanded to provide corresponding suggestions to tourists and relevant departments.

Use of Continuous Infusions of Eptifibatide and Cangrelor in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke After Emergent Carotid Artery Stenting

Placement of carotid stents in the setting of large vessel occlusion (LVO) is sometimes necessary in patients with steno-occlusive disease of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or ICA dissection. Use of antiplatelet agents is required to prevent in-stent thrombosis; however, after an LVO, a decompressive hemicraniectomy may be necessary. After placement of a carotid stent, a fine balance must be obtained between preventing stent-related thromboembolic complications while also maintaining the possibility of quickly and safely performing a decompressive hemicraniectomy, if indicated. In this case, we discuss the novel use of continuous eptifibatide and cangrelor infusions after carotid stent placement to maintain stent patency, while preserving the option of emergent hemicraniectomy. A 55-year-old man presented with left hemispheric ischemic symptoms due to flow failure from a left ICA dissection. He underwent emergent angiography with angioplasty and stenting of the petrous and ascending cervical segments of the left ICA. The procedure was complicated by an embolization of thrombus to a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 division branch, resulting in an occlusion, which could not be opened. The patient was placed on short acting intravenous antiplatelet agents (eptifibatide infusion for 60 h and cangrelor infusion for 24 h) for prevention of in-stent thrombosis while under close observation for potential neurologic decline and need for decompressive hemicraniectomy. After 84 h of observation, the patient did not experience a decline and the antiplatelet infusions were discontinued after he received aspirin and a loading dose of clopidogrel. Intravenous eptifibatide or cangrelor infusions are short-acting antiplatelet options that can be used in patients with acute ischemic stroke from LVO in the setting of ICA stent placement when there exists a potential for decompressive hemicraniectomy. J Neurol Res. 2020;10(3):99-103 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr591

VAPYRIN-like is required for development of the moss Physcomitrella patens.

The VAPYRIN (VPY) gene in Medicago truncatula and Petunia hybrida is required for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. The moss Physcomitrella patens has a close homolog (VPY-like, VPYL), although it does not form AM. Here, we explore the phylogeny of VPY and VPYL in land plants, and study the expression and developmental function of VPYL in Ppatens We show that VPYL is expressed primarily in the protonema, the early filamentous stage of moss development, and later in rhizoids arising from the leafy gametophores and in adult phyllids. Knockout mutants have specific phenotypes in branching of the protonema and in cell division of the leaves (phyllids) in gametophores. The mutants are responsive to auxin and strigolactone, which are involved in regulation of protonemal branching, indicating that hormonal signaling in the mutants is not affected in hormonal signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that VPYL exerts negative regulation of protonemal branching and cell division in phyllids. We discuss VPY and VPYL phylogeny and function in land plants in the context of AM symbiosis in angiosperms and development in the moss.