Braking Mechanism Research Articles

Pressing Mechanism Design and Performance Analysis for Brake Pedal System at Low-Speed Driving

This article focuses on the modelling and analysis of an automatic braking mechanism for low-speed driving scenarios. The study aims to replicate the force exerted by a driver on the brake and accelerator pedals by strategically placing the suitable actuator within the pedal subsystem assembly. The primary objective is to model the pedal pressing mechanism for the braking subsystem and gain insights into driver ‘s behaviour during traffic congestion, thereby ensuring the effective operation of the automatic braking system. The actuator was modelled using 3D virtual environment, while the car body or dynamics was modelled using SimScape in MATLAB environment, and the simulation performance analysis was employed to evaluate the performance outcomes. It has shown that the mechanism designed mimics the actual manual pedal pressing mechanism of driver’s leg where the results show that the actuator managed to produce 150 N to reach speed at 8.5 km/h at 48 mm linear actuator stroke. Therefore, the research findings are anticipated to contribute significantly to the advancement of automatic braking systems, particularly during low speed in road traffic delay, which may help in reducing the fatigue among drivers, enhancing vehicle safety, and providing valuable insights for the development of more reliable and efficient systems within the automotive industry.

Simulating vortex generation to investigate the propulsive and braking mechanisms of breaststroke kick using computational fluid dynamics on a breaststroke swimmer

Swimmers primarily increase their forward velocity through lower limb motion in breaststroke, making the breaststroke kick crucial for optimizing race times. Recent studies have highlighted the generation of vortices around the swimmer’s entire body to propel forward during swimming. However, the investigation of vortex generation during breaststroke kicks remains unexplored. This study aimed to reveal the propulsive and braking mechanisms of breaststroke kicks by simulating vortex generation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Kinematic data during the breaststroke kick and a three-dimensional digital model were collected to conduct CFD for a male breaststroke swimmer. Vortex generation was determined during one breaststroke kick from the CFD results. Vortices, which potentially induce a decrease in forward velocity, were generated by the swimmer’s lower legs and feet during the recovery phase. The swimmer generated vortices on the dorsal side of the feet and the posterior and lateral sides of the lower legs to increase the forward velocity during the out-sweep phase. The swimmer generated vortices on the lateral sides of the thighs and lower legs and the dorsal and lateral sides of the feet during the in-sweep phase to maintain forward velocity. Moreover, vortices generated from the out-sweep to the in-sweep merged and were shed backward relative to the swimming direction after the in-sweep phase. This study is the first to reveal the propulsive and braking mechanisms of breaststroke kicks by analyzing the vortex generation.

Modeling and Application of a Pneumatic Flexible Linear Brake for Power Assist Devices

Several power assist robots have been developed to reduce workloads, and address worker shortages and an aging workforce. Previously, the authors developed a power assist device to maintain shoulder posture using a braking mechanism; however, the device presented technical issues regarding the rigidity and weight of the mechanism. To address these issues, in this study, a flexible linear brake (FLB), a brake mechanism driven by negative pressure, was developed for power assist devices. Additionally, a braking force model for the FLB is proposed; the proposed model was verified by comparing the measured and modelled values. Finally, a shoulder assist device that uses the FLB and designed based on the proposed model is discussed in detail.

Analysis of a Hybrid Model of Automated Vehicle Safety System Consists of Rain Sensor-Controlled Wiper and Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Auto-Braking System

This paper presents an analysis of a novel hybrid model integrating two crucial safety features in modern vehicles: a Rain Sensor-Controlled Wiper (RSCW) and an Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Auto-Braking System (US-ABS) using Arduino UNO micro-controller. The integration of these systems aims to enhance vehicle safety by addressing two critical aspects: visibility during adverse weather conditions and collision avoidance through automated braking mechanisms. The Rain Sensor-Controlled Wiper (RSCW) component utilizes advanced sensor technology to detect precipitation on the vehicle's windshield accurately. Upon detection, the system automatically activates the wiper mechanism, tuning the wiper speed and frequency according to the amount of rainfall. By ensuring optimal visibility, the RSCW system significantly reduces the possibility of mishaps brought on by vision impairment due to rain, snow, or other weather phenomena. Complementing the RSCW, the Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Auto-Braking System (US-ABS) serves as a proactive safety measure to prevent collisions. Employing ultrasonic sensors strategically positioned around the vehicle, the US-ABS continuously monitors the surrounding environment for obstacles, vehicles, or pedestrians. When an imminent collision risk is detected, the system triggers automatic braking interventions to mitigate or entirely prevent potential accidents. In this analysis, we evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid model by considering various factors, including accuracy, response time, and real-world performance. We have explored potential synergies between the RSCW and US-ABS components, assessing how their integration can further improve overall safety and reliability.

Technical overview of the main types, designs, and materials of brake pads for mobile agricultural machinery

Brake pads are a critical element of any machine, as they directly affect the safety of its use. Accordingly, the quality of brake pads, their resistance, and durability are key aspects that must be considered when developing braking systems for mobile agricultural machinery. The purpose of this study was to review scientific sources related to the study of the tribological properties of brake pads, their operating modes, and friction materials included in brake linings. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of brake pads were analysed and the main criteria for selecting materials for brake pads of mobile agricultural machinery were defined, namely, wear resistance, temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. Accordingly, the materials used in the production of brake pads for such equipment must be capable of operating under any conditions, have high thermal conductivity, help reduce the wear rate, have a stable friction coefficient, and be environmentally friendly. The study focused on an overview of the types and design of brake pads, their systematisation by various features (by purpose; by design features; by friction material composition; by the presence of wear sensors) and composition (semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic, and ceramic). The study described modern components of friction materials for brake linings and found that they are usually composites formed by hot pressing coarse powders, which include many different components: a binder (thermosetting phenolic resins, often with rubber added), structural materials (metal, carbon, glass, and/or Kevlar fibres), fillers (mica and vermiculite), and friction additives (graphite and various metal sulphides). The study also assessed the main characteristics of friction material components used in the manufacture of brake linings. The findings of this study can provide researchers and scientists with useful information on the types and design of brake pads and the main materials used in the manufacture of brake linings and be useful for further practical development of braking mechanisms

Investigation and selection of optimistic material for two wheeler brake disc: An experimental and finite element approach

The brake disc is a vital component in the braking system of the automobile which helps in reducing the speed or stopping the vehicle whenever required. Whereas, increasing the effectiveness of the braking system is highly challenging for the researchers to ensure safe driving by minimizing the stopping distance of the vehicle during braking. However, the performance of the braking system mainly relies on the brake disc material utilized in the braking system. In the current trend, the usage of alternate materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio is in practice to reduce the fuel consumption of the automobile. Hence, researchers concentrate on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites and Metal Matrix Composites to manufacture automotive components. In this research work, the performance of the existing mild steel brake rotor is correlated with brake discs fabricated using different materials such as zirconium-coated steel, AA7075+nSiCp, AA6061+nano Rice Husk Ash particles, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites. The effectiveness of a two-wheeler braking system is reported concerning the stopping distance, disc weight, friction coefficient, and wear resistance properties of the brake disc material. Moreover, a 3D Finite Element Model (3D FEM) is also developed and the braking mechanism is simulated. The experimental and FEA results reveal that SiC reinforced AA7075 composite shows compromising properties as required such as maximum stress of 558 MPa, excellent wear resistance, good friction coefficient of 0.40, good temperature dissipation property, and effective stopping distance of 81 m.

POWERING THE EV WITH DYNAMOS

The dynamo, traditionally used in bicycles to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, can be adapted for use in EVs to supplement battery power. As the vehicle moves, the dynamo harnesses kinetic energy, converting it into electricity to recharge the EV's battery. This regenerative braking mechanism not only extends the vehicle's range but also reduces reliance on charging stations, enhancing the EV's practicality and autonomy. The integration of a dynamo system introduces a sustainable element by utilizing kinetic energy that would otherwise be dissipated as heat during braking. By capturing and converting this energy, EVs equipped with dynamos can operate more efficiently, reducing overall energy consumption and carbon emissions. This abstract explores the technical feasibility, potential benefits, and challenges associated with implementing a dynamo system in EVs. Considerations such as optimal placement, efficiency optimization, and compatibility with existing battery and electrical systems are discussed. Additionally, the economic viability and environmental impact of widespread adoption of dynamo-equipped EVs are evaluated. The integrating dynamos into EVs presents a promising avenue to address range anxiety and charging infrastructure limitations, while also promoting sustainability and energy efficiency in the transportation sector. Further research and development are warranted to optimize the design and implementation of this innovative solution for powering electric vehicles.

Enhanced Autonomous Speed Control System for Integrated Cars

The Automated Vehicle Speed Control System (AVSCS) is an embedded framework that utilizes specialized hardware and software components to automatically regulate a vehicle's speed. This system is designed to be implemented in a variety of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and autonomous vehicles, to enhance safe and efficient driving. The AVSCS comprises several essential elements: sensors, a processor or microcontroller, a control calculation algorithm, and a user interface. The sensors gather real-time data about the vehicle's current speed, weather conditions, and surrounding road environment, including wheel speed, GPS, radar, LIDAR, and cameras. The microcontroller or processor processes the sensor data and employs control algorithms, such as PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers or advanced Model Predictive Control (MPC) techniques, to calculate the optimal vehicle speed. This information is then used to adjust the throttle or braking mechanisms accordingly. Additionally, the user interface allows drivers to customize the system or set their desired speed preferences, providing a seamless and personalized driving experience. The integration of the AVSCS into various vehicle types can significantly increase security, streamline traffic,, and reduce energy consumption, making it a crucial component of the connected and autonomous vehicle ecosystem. Keywords: vehicle speed regulator, GPS, radar, LIDAR, and cameras

Railway Train Collision Avoidance on Same track and Animal Detection Using AI - IoT

The increasing demand for safer and more efficient railway transportation systems has prompted the exploration of advanced technologies to mitigate collision risks and address emerging challenges such as animal incursions on railway tracks. This paper proposes a comprehensive solution leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for real-time detection and avoidance of collisions between trains operating on the same track and encounters with animals. These sensors capture various environmental and operational data such as train positions, velocities, and track conditions. The AI algorithms analyze this data to identify potential collision risks and animal intrusions. Additionally, real-time communication between trains and the centralized control system enables timely intervention and rerouting decisions to ensure safe operations. The system incorporates advanced image recognition algorithms to detect and classify animals near railway tracks. Utilizing high-resolution cameras and IoT-connected devices, the system identifies animals in the vicinity and alerts train operators or initiates automated braking mechanisms to prevent accidents caused by animal incursions. Key features of the proposed system include scalability to accommodate varying railway infrastructures, adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, and interoperability with existing railway signaling and control systems. Moreover, the integration of AI and IoT technologies enhances the system's predictive capabilities, enabling proactive risk mitigation and improving overall.

Prediction of the Residual Resource of Pneumatic Tire Materials from Accumulation and Type of Damage

The present paper examines the mechanical characteristics at the boundary of the distribution of rubber matrix and metal and fabric fibrous materials as a distinct area in the crack braking mechanism, and their impact on the durability of pneumatic tires in the event of damage accumulation during operation. Experimental studies were conducted on the delamination of the components of the tire material composition in samples obtained from diverse locations of the car tire. The strength of the rubber matrix fibers of the metal cord was determined, which makes it possible to assess the overall strength of the tire material as a composition of reinforcing elements and the matrix during the accumulation of damage created artificially during operation. The method of experimental research is reasonably stable. The nature and behavior of the sample rupture during the tests were evaluated.

Formation of long-period radio pulsars

Abstract This study investigates the influence of different braking mechanisms on the formation of three long-period radio pulsars (PSRs J0250 + 5854, J2251-3711, and J0901-4046): plasma-filled magnetosphere in combination with magnetic field decay, fall-back disc, and r-mode instability. These braking mechanisms can also affect the thermal evolution of pulsars. By comparing the model-predicted values with observational data such as spin periods, period derivatives, and upper limits of the bolometric luminosity of these pulsars, we find that these three braking mechanisms can reasonably explain the spin period and the period derivative within a certain range of parameters for these sources. The model-predicted bolometric luminosity associated with magnetic field dissipation exceeds the upper limit for PSR J0901-4046 but falls below the upper limits for PSR J0250 + 5854 and PSR J2251-3711. The model-predicted bolometric luminosity within the fall-back disc model exceeds the observed results, whereas the luminosity within the r-mode instability falls below the observed upper limit for these three pulsars. However, a conflict arises when we consider the pulsar radio activity and the accretion phases within the fall-back disc model simultaneously. By combining data from radio and X-ray observations, along with precise measurements of surface thermal emissions, we can enhance our understanding of the braking mechanisms involved in the formation of long-period radio pulsars or constrain key model parameters. Finding more long-period pulsars in the future and conducting multi-band observations will enhance our understanding of the formation and nature of long-period radio pulsars.

Method of brake mechanisms thermal load control under the influence of automated braking system load modes

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Most of the kinetic energy of a vehicle equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS) is damped due to friction work in the brakes. Besides the ABS function, the automated braking system implements a lot of functions of active safety and driver assistance systems by using regular service brake mechanisms as an actuator. Overheating of brakes, namely of their friction pairs, leads to the phenomenon of critical fading, which is accompanied by a sharp decrease in braking torque. Reducing the impact of this phenomenon is a very difficult task in terms of both taking into account the cost of the braking mechanism and its minimum complexity. The proposed procedure makes it possible to assess the influence of operation of various active safety and driver assistance systems on the thermal load of the brake mechanisms. The prospect of its expansion when creating new vehicle designs is also covered.The purpose of the study is to increase the reliability of brake mechanisms, braking characteristics stability by improvement of the procedure for calculation and reduction of the brake mechanism thermal load of the wheeled vehicles equipped with the automated brake system.Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted in the paper. In the theoretical study, the main computational tool is the finite element method (FEM) with using of licensed software packages Abaqus CAE and SolidWorks Simulink.Scientific novelty and results. The thermal load estimation procedure for brake mechanisms of vehicles that are equipped with an automated brake system has been created. The calculation procedure developed takes into account the increase in the proportion of the vehicle kinetic energy that is extinguished in the brake mechanism of the vehicle equipped with different subsystem functions.Practical significance. Application of the developed complex calculation procedure with any thermal calculation complexes on the FEM basis will allow brake system developers to reduce the costs for intermediate tests for thermal load at the design stage, and upon that, the influence of functional subsystems of the automated brake system will be taken into account. Application of the suggested improvement of the monitoring and control systems for the automated brake system will reduce the probability of fading phenomenon occurrence.

Electric truck gravity energy storage: An alternative to seasonal energy storage

AbstractThe global shift toward a sustainable and eco‐friendly energy landscape necessitates the adoption of long‐term, high‐capacity energy storage solutions. This research introduces an inventive energy storage concept involving the movement of granular materials from a lower elevation to a higher point within natural terrains such as mountains or excavated mining sites. Electrical energy is employed to charge electric batteries that elevate the granular material, thereby storing potential energy. Subsequently, this material is transported down during the electricity generation phase, and the regenerative braking mechanism converts the gravitational energy to replenish the vehicle's battery. The stored energy within these vehicles is then dispatched during peak demand periods or utilized by the vehicles for other freight transportation purposes. Our findings demonstrate a power cost of 1200 USD/kW, an energy storage expense spanning from 1 to 10 USD/kWh, a levelized cost of storage ranging from 35 to 200 USD/MWh, and a global annual potential of approximately 5.4 PWh. Electric vehicle gravity energy storage showcases its capability to bolster sustainable development by offering seasonal and multi‐year energy storage services.

Developing the method ensuring stable braking via advanced design of braking devices

The aim is to develop a method for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the braking process by differentiating the friction linings of brake pads of pad-type disc braking mechanisms. The research applied differentiation of the interaction time of friction pairs and their area, which provides the highest stability indicators of braking mechanisms. The non-standardized bench equipment developed by the author, as well as segmental braking mechanisms providing differentiation of friction pairs by area were used in the study. A method of designing the resultant braking torque was developed using the relationship between the transverse movement of the pads and the developed braking torque of the friction unit. As a result of bench tests, the stability and fluctuation coefficients of the braking torque of the developed pad-type disc brake mechanisms with six pressing elements increased by 12.2 and 34.9%. These values were obtained as compared to serial brake mechanisms equipped with a monopressing mechanism with a single brake pad. The discrepancies between the simulated and obtained data during the bench test on the stability criteria averaged 5.1 and 6.7% for the stability coefficients and braking torque fluctuations for the three brake mechanism variants under consideration, respectively. Differentiation of pressing elements and segmentation of brake pads has the effect of increasing the stability criteria and braking efficiency for pad-type disc brakes. With the analysis of the dependence of the transverse displacement and the developed braking torque, a guaranteed result on the stability criterion and braking torque fluctuations of pad-type disc brakes was modeled. Based on the conducted bench tests, the model developed for obtaining the resultant braking torque for the braking mechanism with segmental pads can be used for designing friction pairs with the set parameters.

До визначення способу регулювання гальмівних сил причіпної ланки автопоїзда

The article analyzes the ways to improve the operational properties of road trains, by taking into account changes in the technical condition of various systems under their operating conditions. It has been established that a significant proportion of failures that occur in tractors and trailer links of road trains in operating conditions fall on the braking and running systems, and among the main malfunctions of the braking system, violations of the optimal indicators of regulation and distribution of braking forces along the axles and sides of the road train are most often singled out. The appearance of such failures can significantly affect the stability of road trains and the safety of their use. That is why, during the service inspection of the trailer links of road trains, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the optimal indicators of the distribution of braking forces on the axles and wheels of the vehicle. A method of adjusting the braking forces on the wheels of the towing link is proposed to eliminate the on-board unevenness when it is detected in the process of servicing the braking system of the vehicle. The relationship between the magnitude of the braking moment on the wheel and the arm of applying force from the brake chamber for drum brake mechanisms with a pneumatic drive is given. The method of regulating the braking forces applied to the wheel by changing the gear ratio of the brake mechanism by changing the arm of applying the braking force from the brake chamber to the cam rotation lever is justified. This approach allows you to minimize the unevenness of the braking forces along the sides of the trailer link, which can occur as a result of deviations in the operation of the braking mechanisms, which occurs under the influence of operating conditions, for example, due to uneven wear of the brake linings on individual wheels or the appearance of deviations in the adjustment of the drive of the braking mechanisms.

The role and importance of supervisory in joint-stock companies based on international corporate governance standarts

This article highlights the critical importance of the supervisory board in modern corporate governance mechanisms. Such mechanisms have become prevalent in many European countries, where they define the role of the supervisory board as an independent overseer, focused on monitoring the activities of the executive body.
 The wide range of duties and competencies of the supervisory board is discussed, including strategic planning, oversight of executive directors, consideration of corporate decisions, and ensuring adherence to corporate standards. It's crucial to note that the primary mission of the supervisory board is to protect shareholders interests, guarantee their rights, and ensure transparency in the actions of the joint-stock company.
 One of the key challenges the author examines is the dilemma of how executive managers perceive the supervisory board. Do they see this body as an ally that enhances work efficiency or as an obstacle in the way of making operational decisions? This aspect is vital for understanding internal corporate relations and the dynamics of interaction between management structures.
 The article also focuses on the OECD principles regarding corporate governance, emphasizing the importance of an effective structure of the supervisory board. Particular attention is given to the role of independent non-executive members of the board, who can act as a «braking mechanism», ensuring objectivity, independence, and a critical perspective on corporate decisions.
 In conclusion, in the corporate governance of joint-stock companies, the supervisory board emerges as a key element playing a strategic role in protecting shareholders' interests, ensuring transparency, objectivity, and accountability in company operations. The OECD principles underline the significance of including independent members in the supervisory board. This stance affirms the necessity to amplify the role and authority of the supervisory board in contemporary conditions, making the exploration of this issue particularly relevant and significant.

Design and Development of a Prototype for a Pascal’s Law & IoT applied Automatic Hydraulic Braking System

The widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles continues to increase along with various scientific and technological advancements, and this is necessitating the application of essential accident prevention measures. This research presents the design and development of an innovative hydraulic braking system utilizing readily available components and materials. The Pascal’s law of pressure is very applicable in modern hydraulic braking mechanisms. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor, a repurposed disk, a motor, and a solenoid lock controlled by a relay to create an effective braking mechanism. The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a functional braking system based on Pascal’s law of pressure, using locally sourced materials, catering to resource-constrained environments. The proposed hydraulic braking system functions as follows: when the ultrasonic sensor detects an object within its proximity (approximately 20 centimeters), it triggers the relay, which activates the solenoid lock. The solenoid lock's action initiates the movement of a syringe compressor, exerting pressure on the hydraulic fluid. This pressure is then transmitted to the repurposed DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), which serves as the braking element. As the disk is pressed against a surface, the resulting friction decelerates the system, effectively applying the brake. Finally, data is evaluated in the IoT (Internet of Things) platform ThingSpeak to identify safe and harmful states.

Study on throttling pressure control flow field for traction speed regulation and braking mechanism of the pipeline intelligent plugging robot

This study analyzes the throttling pressure control flow field, and the influencing factors of its traction speed regulation and braking mechanism are determined. Throttling pressure control flow field characteristics of the traction speed regulation and braking mechanism are analyzed and the principle experiment of the throttling pressure control flow field is also carried out. The results show that the throttling pressure control flow field of the traction speed regulation and braking mechanism of the pipeline intelligent plugging robot is greatly affected by the structure and shape of the speed control valve. When the opening of the speed control valve decreases, the flow rate of the backward jet increases, and the flow rate is faster. This is convenient for scouring the front pipe wall of the device. Conversely, as the opening of the speed control valve increases, the maximum deceleration effect can be achieved by increasing the pressure difference before and after the device. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structure design and selection of the pipeline intelligent plugging robot. Moreover, it is helpful for providing data reference and theoretical guidance for the design of passive fluid-propulsion robots in pipes equipped with bypass rotary valves.

Identification and study of the characteristics of friction oscillations in the brake

Purpose.The task of researching modes of established frictional oscillations of the braking mechanism is to find a solution to the initial dynamic problem with friction that satisfies the periodicity conditions. At the same time, the period of motion of the dynamic system is not known in advance. This dynamic system is described by a non-linear dissipative non-autonomous system of differential equations. The methods. The developed technique of spectral analysis of the braking mechanism's oscillations is based on the assumption that its movements are periodic. If deterministic chaos occurs in the analyzed dynamic system, then the autocorrelation function of the time series of movements must have a finite carrier, that is, vanish outside a finite time interval. Findings. In the paper, the method of computational experiment is used to identify and study the characteristics of oscillatory processes in brake mechanisms. At the first stage of the computational experiment, a numerical solution of the considered dynamic problem with friction is carried out using a computational algorithm. As a result, the time series of block movements are calculated. At the second stage of the computational experiment, the obtained time series are studied. The originality. The paper uses phase diagrams in the "displacement-velocity" variables to analyze the process of establishing the oscillations of the brake mechanism and visual detection of attractors. When studying the dependence of amplitudes of displacements, velocities and accelerations of the dynamic system under consideration on changes in its parameters, the method of continuation by parameter was used with a stepwise change in the parameters of the system. Practical implementation. The developed mathematical model of vibrations of the braking mechanism and the computational algorithm for its numerical study are implemented in the form of a computer program for personal computers in the FORTRAN algorithmic language. Almost all available commercial compilers can be used to compile the program, including Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6 and Intel Visual Fortran 10, as well as non-commercial compilers distributed under the GNU license.

Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase suppresses ABA Signaling via Sulfation of SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6.

Phytohormone ABA plays vital roles in stress tolerance, while long-term overactivation of ABA signaling suppresses plant growth and development. However, the braking mechanism of ABA responses is not clear. Protein tyrosine sulfation catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) is a critical post-translational modification. Through genetic screening, we identified a tpst mutant in Arabidopsis that was hypersensitive to ABA. In-depth analysis revealed that TPST could interact with and sulfate SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6, which accelerated their degradation and weakened the ABA signaling. Taken together, these findings uncovered a novel mechanism of desensitizing ABA responses via protein sulfation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.