Brake Pedal Research Articles

Flash Latex Production in a Continuous Helical Photoreactor: Releasing the Brake Pedal on Acrylate Chain Radical Polymerization

The continuous photopolymerization of acrylate and methacrylate monomer miniemulsions (25% solids content) is investigated at room temperature in a compact helix minireactor. Using n-butyl acrylate, the process yields 95% conversion after only 27 s residence time, and gel-free high-molecular-weight products. Under optimized conditions, a 25-fold increase in efficiency is obtained when compared to a batch photopolymerization. The reaction set-up offers a frugal process because of moderate irradiance (2.6 mW cm−2), photoinitiator concentration (0.75 wt%), and low-power UV-A fluorescent lamp.

Research on the Intelligent Control and Simulation of Automobile Cruise System Based on Fuzzy System

In order to improve the active safety driving vehicle and alleviate the intension of driving fatigue, an intelligent control strategy of automobile cruise is put forward based on the throttle or braking pedal combined control adopting the fuzzy control theory. A fuzzy logic controller is presented, which consists of the two input variables, the deviation of the theoretical safe distance and relative distance and the relative velocity between the preceding vehicle and the cruise vehicle, and the single output variable, that is, the throttle opening or the braking pedal travel. Taking the test data of 1.6 L vehicle with auto-transmission as an example, the function on the intelligent cruise control system is simulated adopting MATLAB/Simulink aiming at different working conditions on the city road. The simulation results show that the control strategy possesses integrated capability of automated Stop & Go control, actively following the preceding vehicle on the conditions of keeping the safety distance and the constant velocity cruise. The research results can offer the theory and technology reference for setting dSPACE type and developing the integrated control product of automobile cruise system.

Brake Pedal Feel Verification of the Energy Recovery System

Brake pedal feel is intuitive feelings for the driver and affected vehicle safety performance. Due to the participation of the motor, brake force distribution and the original pedal feel of the driver would be changed. Based on the traditional hydraulic unit of ESC, Jilin University developed a braking energy recovery system of uniaxial decoupled. A series of fixed partition coefficient control strategy was developed, coordinated control of electrical regenerative braking and hydraulic braking was carried out. Vehicle test was carried out for coordinated braking strategy, parallel strategy and traditional control strategy. Vehicle test results show that the brake pedal travel simulator and the coordinated braking strategy can improve the energy recovery, and ensure that the brake pedal feel is consistent with the traditional vehicle.

Active Brake Pedal Feedback Simulator Based on Electric Drive

Active Brake Pedal Feedback Simulator Based on Electric Drive

Brake Pedal Displacement Measuring System based on Machine Vision

Displacement of brake pedal was an important characteristic of driving behavior. This paper proposed a displacement measure algorithm based on machine vision. Image of brake pedal was captured by camera from left side, and images were processed in industry computer. Firstly, average smooth algorithm and wavelet transform algorithm were used to smooth the original image consecutively. Then, edge extracting method which combined Roberts's operator with wavelet analysis was used to identify the edge of brake pedal. At last, least square method was adopted to recognize the characteristic line of brake pedal's displacement. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method takes the advantages of Roberts's operator and wavelet transform, it can obtain better measurement result as well as linear displacement sensors.

Effect of Phenolic Brake Piston Tribology on Brake Pedal Feel

Effect of Phenolic Brake Piston Tribology on Brake Pedal Feel

Structure Analysis and Pressure Control of Electro-Hydraulic Braking System

The structure design and pressure control of electro-hydraulic braking system (EHB) is essential for electric vehicles, which is critical to the braking energy recovery and vehicle stability control. In this paper, the overall structure of the electro-hydraulic braking system is analyzed, and classification method according to how the braking pedal is decoupled with the braking pressure is proposed. Through the PID control method to achieve pressure following control, it lays the foundation for electric vehicle stability control.

Design of Brake Pedal Stroke Simulator for Hybrid Electric Car

A brake pedal stroke simulator is a key component of realizing a Regenerative Braking System. It provides a good pedal feeling to a driver, improves energy recovery and ensures braking security. This paper presents the hardware solution of the braking control system, the structure and key design parameters of a brake pedal stroke simulator. Through simulation, the energy recover rate and brake pedal feeling of drivers can be improved. The simulator can be used to realize the regenerative braking system in hybrid or electric vehicles.

A Novel Control Algorithm of Electronic Braking System for Trucks

Electronic Braking System (EBS) can improve the braking performance of trucks significantly. A novel control algorithm for EBS has been proposed in this paper, which consists of Driving Identification Module and Braking Force Distribution Module. Driving Identification Module can recognize the non-emergency braking situation according to the signal of the electronic braking pedal. Braking Force Distribution Module regulates the braking force on front and rear axle by comparing the slip-ratios on every axle. As a result, the optimum braking pressure on different axles can enhance the safety and balance the brake wear. The performance of the control algorithm has been simulated utilizing 15-DOF vehicle dynamic model. The results show that the control algorithm can provide a good braking feeling and the braking performance of the vehicle is perfect.

The Design of Regenerative Braking System with a Pedal Emulator

According to the regenerative braking system(RBS) with a pedal emulator as well as the control strategy. Design a hardware test platform of power regenerative system and the scheme of software experiment. Aim at the control strategy, braking safety and braking feeling of RBS with a braking pedal emulator is confirmed via hardware in loop (HIL) test. A high regenerative rate is obtained. From the result of simulation, the pedal force line from RBS with a pedal emulator is between the envelope curve of the pedal force from conventional vehicle. Actual wheel cylinder pressure can follow the change of target pressure very well. The regenerative braking rate reaches 53%.

A Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Vehicle Modeling and Power Management/Regenerative Braking Controller Design

Here, a hybrid vehicle structure comprising fuel cell/battery and a PMDC electrical machine has been proposed, in which an intelligent controller is to perform power management and regenerative braking tasks. Instead of a gasoline engine, an electric machine fulfills the power demand from the vehicle during driving and braking modes. In addition, regenerative braking is possible in the proposed structure. The fuel cell is connected to a battery (DC bus) via a DC/DC converter which can control the fuel cell power/current with a switching strategy. A Nero–Fuzzy controller has been devised in order for taking the power demand as one of its controlling signals and making decision with respect to the power management issue. Duty cycle of the DC/DC converter is computed by the driving controller and applied with a certain switching frequency. Along with the power demand, braking pedal displacement, and the battery state of charge act as controlling signals, which allow the power management controller to perform pertinent analysis for power sharing decision between both the power sources. A threshold zone has been considered for braking pedal, according to which a regenerative torque is produced by the electrical machine. Finally, the simulation results have been considered from different point of views and evaluated, which shows a tenable achievement. Particularly, a series of driving maneuvers were applied to the vehicle, and the results show that the proposed structure has a promising performance as a civic automobile with zero emissions.

A Study on Injection Molding Analysis and Structural Analysis with Truck Brake Pedal

Injection molding process one of the most important methods to produce plastic parts with high efficiency and low cost. Today, Injection molded parts have been increased dramatically the demand for high strength and quality applications. In this study, truck brake pedal is made of Cast iron and plastic materials to replace the frame for the optimization process that minimizes the runner and the gate dimension will determine the size and shape. Runner and gate dimensions of change based on availability of the product. I will discuss the injection molding. This report investigates that the optimum injection molding condition for minimum of runner and gate position. The FEM Simulation CAE tool, MOLDFLOW, is used for the analysis of injection molding process.

Full Modelling and Simulation of Fuel-Cell/Battery Hybrid Vehicle and Power Management Controller Design

A hybrid vehicle structure using fuel cell/battery has been proposed, and an intelligent controller has been designed to power management and regenerative braking. Upon elimination of the gasoline engine, an electrical machine can enforce requested power for driving and braking, so regenerative braking is possible in proposed structure. The fuel cell has been connected to battery as a DC bus via a DC/DC converter which can control the fuel-cell power/current by its switching duty cycle. Using a designed neuro-fuzzy controller, a power demand feedback is considered, and controller decision has been based on demand mentioned at the previous time step. Moreover, braking pedal displacement and the battery state of charge have been considered as the controller inputs for its relative decision to split power between both power sources. Finally, simulation results for some driving manoeuvres show that the proposed structure has good performance for the vehicles as a civic automobile with zero emissions.

Research of Self-Study Arithmetic on Energy Recovery Brake Pedal in Hybrid Cars

This study summarizes the necessity of researching brake pedal in hybrid cars, analyzing the shortcomings in self-study algorithm of capacitive hybrid cars and puts forward the improved algorithm to brake pedal self-study, combined with capacitive hybrid cars. Braking effects with the self-study algorithm control software are proved through the experiment.

Mixing Effects Model on Relationship Between Braking Pedal Force and Physiology of Drivers Based on Driving Pones Factor

Mixing Effects Model on Relationship Between Braking Pedal Force and Physiology of Drivers Based on Driving Pones Factor

Influence of Tread Width of the Brake Pedal Pads on the Friction Coefficient Generated by Bare Foot and Footwear Soles

The present work discusses the effect of the treads width of the rubber brake pedal pads on the friction coefficient. Measurement of friction coefficient generated by bare foot and rubber footwear soles sliding against the brake pedal pads of different treads width in dry, sand contaminated, water and oil lubricated conditions is discussed. Experiments of the sliding of bare foot against the rubber pedal pad showed that friction coefficient of dry sliding significantly decreased with increasing tread width. The sliding direction has no effect on the friction coefficient for the tested pads. In the presence of sand particles separating the two contact surfaces, load had no influence on friction coefficient. Friction coefficient slightly decreased with increasing tread width. For water wetted pedal pad, friction coefficient displayed higher values than that observed for the condition of presence of sand particles. Friction values showed consistent trend with increasing the tread width. Friction displayed by oil lubricated pedal pads was the lowest and the sliding condition could be considered as unsafe.

Study on the brake pedal control model for regenerative braking integrated system

Brake pedal movement signal is the only way for the driver to transmit the brake demand, in the combined braking system of regenerative braking and hydraulic braking. It is prone to bring fluctuations between the mechanical brake and electric brake system, resulting in a poor brake pedal feel. In this paper, the traditional purely hydraulic braking pedal features is taken as the research object, the brake pedal control model of regenerative braking integrated system is established by using trajectory tracking control strategy. The simulation results show that, the model can achieve a predetermined vehicle brake pedal feel, and we can get the brake demand and pedal feel demand by the resolve of brake pedal state motion, the research can also provide a theoretical basis for the design of regeneration brake pedal system, including the electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle.

NON-DRIVEN WHEELS APPLICATION FOR INTELLIGENT MULTI-OBJECTIVE CONTROL OF HYBRID VEHICLES

In a front differential vehicle, four-wheels-drive ability called 4WD can be designed by using the electric traction system on rear wheels. Using in-wheel-electrical machine coupled to each of the rear wheels, driving/regeneration and stability enhancement can be obtained synchronously by summation and difference of enforced torques, respectively. For research section of mentioned pattern, proper modelling and simulation of driving realities are important for trustworthy simulation results. So, a dynamical model with 14 degrees of freedom (14-DoF), using Dugoff’s tire model is considered in this paper. Also, power-train subsystems include of engine, clutch, gear box, and differential with electrical machine and battery models are used from ADVISOR vehicle simulation software. Considering an electrical machine on each rear wheel, sliding mode and fuzzy controllers have been designed to direct yaw moment control and driving mode control, respectively. Furthermore, braking pedal has been used for activation of regenerative braking operation in driving mode control. Forward simulation of vehicle, intelligent vehicle control based on road/driving condition and synchronous control of driving/regeneration and stability enhancement is the advantages of this paper. Simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment demonstrate that the proposed structure can effectively enhance the vehicle performance in different modes.

Characteristics of Driving Reaction Time of Elderly Drivers in the Brake Pedal Task

Characteristics of Driving Reaction Time of Elderly Drivers in the Brake Pedal Task

Car Racing in a Simulator: Validation and Assessment of Brake Pedal Stiffness

Car racing is a mentally and physically demanding sport. The track time available to train drivers and test car setups is limited. Race car simulators offer the possibility of safe, efficient, and standardized human-in-the-loop training and testing. We conducted a validation study of a race car simulator by correlating the fastest lap times of 13 drivers during training events in the simulator with their fastest lap times during real-world race events. The results showed that the overall correlation was .57 (p = .044). Next, the effect of brake pedal stiffness (soft: 5.8 N/mm vs. hard: 53.0 N/mm) on racing performance was investigated in the simulator. Brake pedal stiffness may have an important effect on drivers' lap times, but it is impractical to manipulate this variable on a race car during a real-world test session. Two independent experiments were conducted using different cars and tracks. In each experiment, participants (N = 6 in Experiment 1 and N = 9 in Experiment 2) drove alternately with the soft and hard pedal in eight 20-min sessions (Experiment 1) or six 15-min sessions (Experiment 2). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) the soft pedal yields faster cornering times for corners that include a long brake zone, and (2) the hard pedal yields more high-frequency brake forces. Experiments 1 and 2 confirmed the second hypothesis but not the first. Drivers were highly adaptable to brake pedal stiffness, and the stiff pedal elicited higher pedal forces and more high-frequent brake pedal inputs. It is concluded that the racing simulator is a valuable tool for driver assessment and for testing adoptations to the human–machine interface.