Brake Booster Research Articles

Design of Torque Density Improved Spoke-Type IPMSM for Electric Brake Booster Take Into Account Axial Leakage Flux

Design of Torque Density Improved Spoke-Type IPMSM for Electric Brake Booster Take Into Account Axial Leakage Flux

Design of a Vacuum Independent, Power Assisted Brake by Wire System using a Novel Electro-Magnetic Brake Booster

With an increasing demand in the market towards electrical vehicles through technological advancements in the automotive field like, automated driving assistance that which have resulted in higher safety requirements and new innovations in the braking system, such as vacuum-independent, automated braking, and regenerative braking, play a crucial role in the vehicle's comfort and economics. However, the classic vacuum brake booster is no longer capable of meeting these requirements. A revolutionary Electro-Magnetic brake booster system is suggested in this research; this system is aimed to perform the function of boosting or enhancing the driver's pedal power despite remaining dependent on the vacuum source. Such an Electro-magnetic brake booster is mainly composed of an Electro-magnetic core plate, a ferromagnetic actuating plate and an ECU. It consumes electrical energy and converts into magnetic force to attract the metallic actuating plate, which is mechanically coupled to the pushrod of the master cylinder. However, the power required for braking (developing pressure in a master cylinder) is provided by the electrical power source. The core plate is associated with a pole as the electromagnet cores are mounted on one side of it. By incorporating a pedal pressure sensor linked to the ECU, which can control the electric power input to this core plate. Thus, the magnetic force developed is used in pulling the Actuating plate. In turn, it builds up the required pressure in the master cylinder. This novel Electro-Magnetic brake booster can be a better solution to satisfy the drawbacks of the existing brake boosters such as complexity in the structure and mechanism. Thus, this brake booster can be joined in substantial vehicles, autos and can be utilized as driver brake assistance for future Electric Vehicles by making a few upgrades in the ECU and the servo.
 

UKF-Based Observer Design for the Electric Brake Booster in Situations of Disturbance

The motor-driven electric brake booster (E-Booster) can replace the traditional vacuum booster to realize the braking power assistance and active braking. Independent of extra sensors, this paper proposes a full-state observer for E-Booster based on Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) in the presence of a driver’s input force disturbance. The electro-hydraulic system is first modeled, which includes a nonlinear hydraulic model and the reaction disk’s rubber model. The pre-compression is designed to produce linear power assistance based on the properties of rubber material. With the existence of the disturbance, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm is used to track the pre-compression of the reaction disk so that E-Booster is developed into a closed-loop system to achieve power assistance. The proposed UKF observer can online estimate the states considering the controller input and disturbance input. To reduce the process error, the hydraulic p-V characteristic is fitted using the recursive least squares (RLS) method before observation. Furthermore, the simulation test and vehicle tests are performed to validate the observation effect. In the closed-loop test, UKF decreases residual error by 16% when compared to the typical Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The simulation results remain consistent with the experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Personalized Control Strategy of Electronic Brake Booster With Driving Behaviors Identification

To improve the comfort and user acceptance of the intelligent vehicle braking system, this paper proposes a control strategy for the electronic brake booster (Ebooster) that considers differences in driving behaviors. First, a real-vehicle driving data collection platform is built to collect the driving behavior data of 84 drivers under typical vehicle-following braking conditions. Subsequently, the k-means clustering algorithm optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to realize the cluster analysis of driving behaviors, and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to complete the identification of driving behaviors. Next, through the analysis of the boost characteristics of the self-designed Ebooster, driving behaviors are matched with boost characteristics, and a personalized basic boosting control strategy based on the driver behavior is designed. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) bench and a real-vehicle test platform are designed and built to verify the effectiveness of the personalized control strategy of the Ebooster. The results show that this method can effectively identify the type of driver and make personalized adjustments to the basic boosting strategy of the Ebooster, which effectively improves the personalization of the braking system, resulting in a higher pedal response and user acceptance.

Development of Brake Booster Design for Electric City Cars

Development of Brake Booster Design for Electric City Cars

Real-World Application of Variable Pedal Feeling Using an Electric Brake Booster with Two Motors

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A new type of electric brake booster, which can control brake pedal feeling completely with software, has been developed to explore how a brake system can be used to differentiate and personalize vehicles. In the future, vehicles may share an increasing amount of hardware and rely more heavily on software to differentiate between models. Car sharing, vehicle subscriptions, and other new business models may create a new emphasis on the personalization of vehicles that may be achieved most cost effectively by using software. This new brake booster controls the brake pedal force and brake pressure independently based on the brake pedal stroke so that the pedal feeling is completely defined by software. The booster uses two electric motors and one master cylinder. One electric motor controls the pedal force and provides an assist force that amplifies the force that the driver applies to the brake pedal. The second electric motor moves the master cylinder piston independently of the brake pedal stroke and is used to control the brake pressure. To confirm the real-world feasibility of this concept, the booster was installed in an actual vehicle. The evaluation of this vehicle confirmed that software-defined pedal feeling is feasible to implement in a real vehicle. Pedal feeling as good as that of a mass produced vehicle could be achieved, and the pedal feeling could be quickly and easily changed without the time and expense required to change brake hardware. Additionally, using this new booster, new types of pedal feeling that are not possible to achieve on a conventional vacuum booster vehicle could be easily implemented with software.</div></div>

The Vacuum-based Brake Booster for the Next Decade of Mobility

The Vacuum-based Brake Booster for the Next Decade of Mobility

A Mechatronic Brake Booster for Electric Vehicles: Design, Control, and Experiment

The electro-mechanical brake booster (EMBB) is a kind of mechatronic actuator, which is developed to suit the brake assist requirement of electric vehicles. In this paper, we report on the design of an EMBB system consisting of a dc motor, a two-state reduction of a gear and ball screw, a servo body, and a reaction disk. Considering the inconvenience of installation and high price of the pedal force sensor, we translate the control problem of brake power assist control to position tracking control. Meanwhile, a nonlinear control method for position tracking is presented to solve the problem of power assist braking, which is formalized as three parts: the steady-state control, feed-forward control based on reference dynamics, and state-dependent feedback control. The benefit of the nonlinear control method is that it offers a concise control law and performs well in engineering implementations. In addition, a second-order filter was designed to do the signal processing and obtain a higher-order derivative. Finally, the bench tests based on rapid control prototyping environment were designed and implemented to verify the performance of the controller. Test results show that both the position tracking performance and response time of the EMBB system performed well.

Brake Boosters for Automated Driving

Brake Boosters for Automated Driving

Comparative analysis of multi criteria decision making techniques for material selection of brake booster valve body

Abstract Braking system is one of the most critical parts in a vehicle, and one of the main components of this system is brake booster valve body which plays a significant role in safety standards of the vehicle. The working conditions under the hood of the vehicle necessitate the valve body to have some special properties. This component should have high mechanical strength and the ability to maintain this strength at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, lower weight and lower cost are always desirable in industries. The material selection for the valve body is very important and should satisfy the aforementioned requirements. In order to select the best material for a large number of alternatives considering many different criteria, multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used in this study. The weighting of criteria is carried out by entropy and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods and a combination of these two techniques are used as the final weights. MOORA, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are used in this paper for selecting the best material for braking booster valve body. The alternative materials were ranked using these methods and the results of the analysis were compared using Spearman's rank correlation. PET-gf35 (PET reinforced with 35 wt% glass fiber) was found to be the best material for the valve body. Owing to the desirability of the results, the results of this study can be used in automotive industry in order to enhance the material selection process.

Design and Position Control of a Novel Electric Brake Booster

Design and Position Control of a Novel Electric Brake Booster

Electromechanical Brake Booster for all Drive Concepts and Automated Driving

Electromechanical Brake Booster for all Drive Concepts and Automated Driving

Active Braking of an Electronic Brake Booster Facing Intelligent Automobile

Active Braking of an Electronic Brake Booster Facing Intelligent Automobile

Modelling and Simulation of Brake Booster Vacuum Pumps

Aim of this work is the development of a lumped parameters simulation model of single-vane vacuum pumps for pneumatically actuated brake boosters. Kinematic and fluid-dynamic models are integrated in a simulation environment to create a tool aimed at evaluating the vacuum pump performance and at guiding the designer during the prototype development. The paper describes extensively the mathematical model, the time domain simulation and experimental analyses performed on a camshaft mounted unit. Great emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the geometric quantities of the control volumes into which the vacuum pump has been divided. For each control volume the mass and energy conservation equations lead to the determination of the instantaneous pressure. The volume of each variable chamber and the respective angular derivative are calculated as function of the shaft position starting from the stator track profile supplied as a generic closed polyline. Flow areas between each chamber and the inlet/outlet volumes during a complete shaft revolution are evaluated directly from a data file containing the x-y coordinates of the passage area contour. Different leakage paths are also taken into account. Specific attention is dedicated to the simulation of the lubricating fluid throughout the vacuum pump in order to take into account possible overpressures due to the presence of a trapped volume of oil, above all during cold starts. To achieve this target the equations describing the behavior of the liquid and gaseous phases are applied simultaneously and the current fraction of oil is evaluated for each variable volume chamber. The model is able to work with an oil fraction ranging from 0% to 100% without introducing discontinuities in the differential equations. Experimental tests have confirmed a good matching with the simulation results in terms of pressure vs. time characteristics and absorbed torque.