School Boys Research Articles

Plyometric exercise and motor fitness development in school boys: A randomized control trial

Plyometric exercise and motor fitness development in school boys: A randomized control trial

Are anthropometric characteristics powerful markers to predict the Cooper Run Test? Actual Caucasian data.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful marker of cardiovascular health, especially in youth. Several field tests can provide accurate measurement of CRF, the Cooper Run Test (CRT) is generally preferred by physical education (PE) teachers and trainers. The CRT performance in adolescents has been compared to reference distance values, gender and age but the differences among the anthropometric characteristics of youth has not been evaluated. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to develop reference standards for CRT and evaluate possible correlations between biometric measurements and athletic performance. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 9,477 children (4,615 girls) aged 11-14 years, freely recruited from North Italian middle schools. Mass, height and CRT performances were assessed in the morning during PE classes as scheduled (mornings-Monday to Friday). The anthropometric measures were collected at least 20 min before the CRT run test. We found a better CRT result in boys (p < 0.001), however a smaller SD in girls suggested a more homogeneous aerobic performance for girls (i.e., 371.12 m vs 282.00 m). In addition, the Shapiro-Wilk test showed a low p-value (p < 0.001) but the effect size (0.031 for boys and 0.022 for girls) was small enough that the correction on this parameter allows a practical assumption of normality for the distributions. A visual homoskedastic distribution in both sexes is evident for both body mass index (BMI), mass and VO2 peak with respect to CRT results. In addition, there were low linear correlation coefficients for both BMI, mass and VO2 peak compared to the CRT results, with a R2 < 0.5 for every covariate. The only visual heteroskedastic distribution was observed in regression between distance in CRT and age at peak high velocity. Our findings suggested that anthropometric characteristics are not powerful markers to predict Cooper Run Test results in a well-mixed, unpolarized and unbiased pool of middle school boys and girls. PE teachers and trainers should prefer endurance tests over the use of indirect formulas to predict performance.

School-Based Circuit Training Intervention Improves Local Muscular Endurance in Primary School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a 12-week circuit training program in improving local muscular endurance in normal-weighted primary school students. The study involved a parallel-group randomized trial with 606 primary school boys assigned to an experimental or a control group. The participants underwent a 12-week circuit training program that involved multi-joint, total-body workouts using body weight, resistance bands, and medicine ball exercises. The study measured the participants' local muscular endurance during sit-ups, dynamic trunk extensions on a Roman bench (DTE), and push-ups. After adjusting for the baseline, the treatment-grade interaction was significant for sit-ups (F = 7.74, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.04), DTE (F = 6.49, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.03), and push-ups (F = 9.22, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.05), where the experimental treatment was more beneficial than the control. The treatment effect seemed to vary depending on the individual's baseline local muscle endurance capacity. As the baseline local muscular endurance values increased, the treatment and grade effects became less beneficial. A 12-week circuit training program involving body weight, resistance bands, and medicine ball exercises suits school-based programs and can improve local muscular endurance in normal-weighted primary school boys. The experimental treatment was more effective than the control, and the individual baseline muscular endurance should be considered when designing training programs.

Resisting racism in school

Darius O. Johnson, Briana Markoff, and Dorinda J. Carter Andrews examined data from focus groups conducted with more than 60 Black boys in midwestern high schools to learn how teachers and schools can refuse antiblackness and reimagine futures for Black boys in school. Black boys and young men want safe school environments and will create safe communal spaces when needed. They seek teachers who are culturally relevant; they want to be able to trust their teachers; and they want to be their full, authentic selves at school. Findings show how educators can work within antiblack institutions toward reducing in-school suffering while working to create better futures for Black boys in school.

The reality of the physical education and sports activities lesson in middle and middle school for boys from the point of view of the principals of middle and secondary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the physical education and sports activities lesson in middle and middle school for boys from the point of view of the principals of middle and secondary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate. On five axes: the first axis (the lesson of physical education), the second axis (the physical education teacher), the third axis (sports activities), the fourth axis (school teams) and the fifth axis (the capabilities and tools) and each phrase of the questionnaire is considered a specific practice and the research community consists of middle school principals And the preparatory for boys school for the center of Nineveh Governorate, whose number is (215 ) Director The research sample consisted of (50) principals working in middle and middle schools in the city of Mosul inside, and the researcher concluded that the degree of importance of the physical education lesson according to the five axes was medium.

The Impact of using some Practice Scheduling Methods on Learning of motor Building for a number of Football and athletics skills for the first Intermediate grade students

The study aimed at expounding the impacts of a number of practice scheduling methods that were used in the educational programs of three experimental groups and the control group that used the followed style in the school in learning the motor building and comparing the results of the post-test between the three experimental groups that used some of the practice method and the control group that used the style followed in the school in learning the motor building of students of the first intermediate grade in a number of football and athletics skills . The researchers used the experimental method appropriate to the nature of the study, the research community was (232) students of the first intermediate class in Al-Shumookh Intermediate School for boys distributed on )4(classes as for the sample of the study it was taken on the intentional approach and it was distributed on three experimental group and one is a controlling group and it was taken randomly by choosing (15) students for each group which means that the number was (60) students. The researcher adopted the design that he called called “Designing the equivalent group with the pre & post-test” and the adopted a design that is called “Designing the stable equivalent group with the post-test observation also they have done a questionnaire from ,personal interviews ,scientific observation tests ,measurements ,and a form for redressing the operant building. A party is done between the groups of the research in a number of variables (age, height mass, mental abilities (attention, intelligence) and some physical and motor factors that affect motor building learning of a number of team and individual game). The educational program of the school which is (The style used in the school) and (A guide for the teacher of the physical education for the intermediate school) are applied on the control group, Also the special educational programs were applied with the styles of the scheduling practice on the experimental groups and these programs has (72) educational unit with (18) educational unit for each group they are done twice a week in )45(minutes. The researchers conclude that the educational programs concerning the styles of the scheduling practices (the distributed, the intensive & the random) and the special program with the control group (the followed style in the school) has affected positively in learning the mobile building for a number of football and athletics skills.

DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF PRIMARY CLASS BOYS OF ANDIJAN REGION

The processes of growth and development of the organ system at different ages of the organism are of particular importance. The level of growth is significant, and obvious differences in the morphological and physiological indicators of the organism are noticeable at the junior school age. It is of great importance to study some indicators of morphological physical development and health indicators of elementary school boys. In this article, the indicators of physical development of primary school children of the 5th general school in Kurgantepa district of Andijan region were taken and statistically analyzed. Based on the obtained results, relevant suggestions and conclusions are given.

Influence of boxing classes on physical preparedness senior school students

The article reflects the actual problem of physical fitness of high school students. Scientists propose to optimize the system of physical training of children and youth by introducing sports-oriented forms of organizing classes, namely, a school sports section in boxing. The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of boxing on the physical fitness of senior school boys. Research methods: analysis of scientific methodical and special literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiments, testing the level of physical fitness of schoolchildren; methods of mathematical data processing. Scientific novelty lies in the introduction of boxing into the program of the school sports section in order to improve the physical fitness of high school students. The specificity of boxing required versatile physical readiness of boxers and a particularly high level of development of special physical qualities, which, first of all, include speed and strength abilities, general and speed endurance, speed-strength capabilities. The experimental methodology is based on the following provisions: the educational-training process had a developmental and health-improving orientation; both aerobic and anaerobic exercises of moderate and high intensity were used as means of physical education; the means and methods of physical education were adequate to the morpho-functional characteristics of senior pupils and contributed to the improvement of the physical fitness of boxers. A quantitative analysis of the results of pedagogical testing of physical readiness among high school students showed that the results of power abilities of the experimental group boxers, speed-power abilities, endurance and speed abilities received the greatest gain. Conclusions. The study showed that boxing in the school sports section had a positive effect on the studied indicators of physical fitness of high school students.

Perceived Solutions for Pacifying Instructors’ Aggressive Behavior in K-12 Education

Effective teaching and learning depend on good conduct, which is also a crucial educational consequence that society should demand. If we do not deliver the good order and good results that society expects from teachers, they will become more impatient and uninformed. The main purpose of this study was to explore the aggressive behavior of educators. The objective of the study was to find out the solutions that can replace the teachers’ negative attitude with a positive attitude. Population of the study consisted of all students (621) during the year 2020-2021 from the Federal Government Boys School &amp; Colleges, Rawalpindi. Random sampling technique was used in the selection of sample. Self-structured Questionnaire was used as a research tool with five-point Likert Scale. It is possible to improve the performance of students by changing the attitude of teachers and there is a need for training to improve teachers' professional skills. Teachers should be a part of workshops on modern teaching methods. They should provide recreational opportunities with students and should be trained to sense students' thoughts, feelings and emotions. Teachers should attend conferences to provide awareness of students' individual differences

Do girls perform better than boys in school? A meta-analysis of sex differences in academic help seeking behaviours

Do girls perform better than boys in school? A meta-analysis of sex differences in academic help seeking behaviours

The role of Islamic education teachers in promoting the values of faith among middle school students in the judiciary in Al-dour and Al-alam in salah Al-Din Governorate

The study sought to identify the role of Islamic education teachers in promotingthe values of faith among middle.school students in the Durr and Science judgements. The researcher used the descriptive curriculum in his study because it is the appropriate curriculum for ths stud.The study community is represented by middleschool teachersn the Dor and Science judgement. The number of schools for the 2021/2022 academic year was(45)including(22) secondary schools for boys, (17) secondary schools for girls and (6) mixed schools. To achieve the purpose of the study and to indicate its objective, the researcher prepared a sample of six areas derived from the pillars of faith. He then confirmed the validity of the study and the distribution of(80) schools and (8)schools The study, with (40) male teachers and (40) female teachers,the results of the study showed that the role of Islamic education teachers in promoting the values of faith among middle school students was high. The results of the study also showed that the appreciation of Islamic education teachers for the fields of faith value(promoting the values of faith in God, strengthening the values of faith in angels, promoting the values of faith in the apostles, strengthening the values of faith in divine books, promoting the values of faith in fate, its good and its evil, and the instrument as a whole) were high as well. The researcher recommended paying attention to the values of faith in educational and educational programs,he also recommended the inclusion of areas of religious values in the Ministry of Education's curricula, stressing the need to continuously evaluate the areas of religious values that students have acquired, and to conduct more studies at different stages of study to identify the effects of religious values on students' behavior and its reflection on society.

An Assessment of Muscular Fitness of Adolescent Children in Imphal East District, Manipur

The main purpose of the study is to find out “An assessment of muscular fitness of adolescent children in Imphal East district” in Manipur. Looking towards the nature of this study, the researcher has investigated the following objectives in perspective: to survey the muscular fitness status of school going girls and boys. For the purpose of this study a total of 225 (n=225) school going students both boys and girls (150 boys and 75 girls) have been delimited for the study. The study was delimited to the boys and girls of 8th to 10th class i.e. school students (Adolescent children). The chronological age of the subjects has been delimited to 12 to 15 years further. The study was further confined to the private schools of Imphal East district. The study was further confined to the Muscular Fitness. Further study was delimited to Kraus Weber test. Before collecting the data, the method and procedure of performing each tests was explained and demonstrated to the subjects. For determining the results of the study percentage method was employed.

The Inculcative Power of Australian Cadet Corps Uniforms in the 1900s and 1910s

The Inculcative Power of Australian Cadet Corps Uniforms in the 1900s and 1910s

On a Writing &amp; Walking Field Trip with Seven High School Boys Exploring Langston Hughes Sites in Washington, D.C.

The city teaches us todaywith brick row houses andfront stoops, bicyclists,the squeal of car brakes.Hurried drivers watch uswaiting on a sidewalk,writing on his front steps.Bikes hiss by, their spokessparkle against a grey sky.My students gazeat Langston’s windows,wondering what poem beganhere, what poem ended here,what poem was tossed away.One moment, they are a riotof laughter, shining withsilly, colliding with each other.The next, they searchthe sky for wounds.I watch them sitting on Hughes’ stoop;these are serious boys,writing words they mean,seeking words that will be truein America.I wonder about these boys.Where do they begin?Where do they end?Will America toss them away?What loneliness or lovewill carry them?

An Intervention to Promote Growth Mindset and STEM Self-Efficacy of High School Students: Exploring the Complexity of Beliefs

The marginalization of women in engineering is a persistent problem. The overall goal of our collaborative project was to promote interest and participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), particularly for high school girls. We took an action research approach with a local high school science teacher to develop, implement, and research the impact of a classroom-based intervention designed to encourage growth mindset and STEM self-efficacy beliefs using mixed methods. We analyzed pre- and postsurvey data collected using a control-treatment design to determine the impact of the intervention on high school boys’ and girls’ self-efficacy and mindset beliefs. We also conducted semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with purposefully selected participants from the treatment group to further explore students’ mindset and STEM self-efficacy beliefs qualitatively. We found that the intervention did result in a statistically significant change towards more growth-oriented beliefs for the high school girls who received the intervention as compared to the control group. We found that the intervention did not result in any statistically significant change in the girls’ self-efficacy beliefs, the boys’ mindset beliefs, or the boys’ self-efficacy beliefs. The qualitative analysis revealed that after receiving the intervention, students held contradictory beliefs about the role of effort and the role of innate ability in STEM achievement. Further, we found that context and gender mattered in how students justified their self-efficacy: boys and girls both expressed the belief that effort would lead to their ability to succeed in science classes, but the girls were less likely than the boys to express the belief that effort would lead to their ability to succeed in the context of a science career. By connecting our findings to broader cultural narratives, we suggest that for the continued success of intervention efforts aimed at promoting a growth mindset and STEM self-efficacy, particularly for girls, such efforts should include opportunities for students to reflect upon and unpack the broader cultural narratives about effort, innate ability, and the gendered stereotypes about STEM ability that inform their beliefs. Finally, from the perspective of a high school science teacher, we also advocate for more representation of women among science teachers and classroom speakers and the importance of explicitly connecting class content and success in classrooms to real-world contexts.

Effects of a school-based lifestyle intervention on ideal cardiovascular health in Chinese children and adolescents: a national, multicentre, cluster-randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThe prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health among Chinese children and adolescents is alarmingly low. We aimed to examine whether a school-based lifestyle intervention against obesity would improve ideal cardiovascular health. MethodsIn this cluster-randomised controlled trial, we included and randomly assigned schools from the seven regions of China to intervention or control (1:1), stratified by province and school grade (grades 1–11; ages 7–17 years). Randomisation was done by an independent statistician. The 9-month intervention consisted of school promotion for diet, exercise, and self-monitor of obesity-related behaviours and the control group was no promotion. The primary outcome, assessed at both baseline and 9 months, was ideal cardiovascular health (six or more ideal cardiovascular health behaviours [non-smoking, BMI, physical activity, and diet] and factors [total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose]). We did intention-to-treat analysis and multilevel modelling. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Peking University, Beijing, China (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02343588). Findings30 629 students in the intervention group and 26 581 students in the control group from 94 schools with any follow-up cardiovascular health measures were analysed. At follow-up, 22·0% (1139/5186) of the intervention group and 17·5% (601/3437) in the control group met ideal cardiovascular health. Overall, the intervention was associated with ideal cardiovascular health behaviours (three or more; odds ratio 1·15; 95% CI 1·02–1·29), but not other ideal cardiovascular health metrics after adjusting for covariates. The intervention had higher effects on ideal cardiovascular health behaviours in primary school students aged 7–12 years (1·19; 1·05–1·34) than secondary school students aged 13–17 years (p<0·0001), with no apparent sex difference (p=0·58). The intervention protected senior students aged 16–17 years from smoking (1·23; 1·10–1·37) and improved ideal physical activity in primary school students (1·14; 1·00–1·30) but was associated with lower odds of ideal total cholesterol in primary school boys (0·73; 0·57–0·94). InterpretationThis school-based intervention, focused on diet and exercise, was effective in improving ideal cardiovascular health behaviours in Chinese children and adolescents. Early intervention might benefit cardiovascular health over the life course. FundingThe Special Research Grant for Non-profit Public Service of the Ministry of Health of China (201202010) and Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2021A1515010439).

The Selected Letters of John Berryman ed. by Philip Coleman and Calista McRae

<i>The Selected Letters of John Berryman</i> ed. by Philip Coleman and Calista McRae

Physical Fitness, Growth and Appetite of Kenyan School Boys with Hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides Infections are Improved Four Months after a Single Dose of Albendazole

We studied physical fitness with the Harvard Step Test, growth, and appetite in primary school boys infected with hookworm (96% baseline prevalence), Trichuris trichiura (98% prevalence) and Ascaris lumbricoides (41% prevalence) who received a single 600-mg dose of albendazole or an identical placebo. Boys were examined, allocated at random within pairs by descending hookworm egg count to placebo (n = 26) or albendazole (n = 27) groups, treated, and re-examined 4 mo later. Four months after treatment, the albendazole group showed highly significant improvements in fitness score, resting heart rate, and heart rates at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min after the Harvard Step Test, whereas the placebo group had not changed significantly. The albendazole group also exhibited significantly more rapid growth judged by weight gain (1.0 kg greater than the placebo group, P < 0.0002), height increment (0.6 cm more, P < 0.003), arm circumference (0.3 cm more, P < 0.0002), and triceps and subscapular skinfolds (1.0 mm more, P < 0.0002), and showed improved appetite with objective and subjective measures. We conclude that single-dose treatment with albendazole can allow improved physical fitness, growth, and appetite in school-age children in areas where these helminths and poor growth are highly prevalent.

Teaching Activities and Facilities for Pre-School Children in District Karak

Pre-school education is offered in the government primary schools ofKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Very little attention is given to thepre-school aged children in these schools. Therefore, this study wascarried to explore teaching activities and facilities for Pre-school Childrenin district Karak. The objectives of the study were to explore theavailability of teaching facilities and to investigate teachers’ teachingactivities while teaching pre-school children in the government primaryschools. The population of the study were all the 438 head teachers ofgovernment primary schools for boys of district Karak, KP, Pakistan. Total216 head teachers were selected as sample through proportionate clusterrandom sampling technique. The study was descriptive and survey methodwas adopted. Self-developed questionnaire was used for the collection ofdata. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and the use of ChiSquare (χ2) test. Non availability of Audio-Visual (AV) aids,unavailability of specialized teachers and the absence of separateclassroom for preschool children were major findings of the study.Ensuring of AV aids, construction of additional classroom, recruitment ofspecialized preschool teachers and arrangement of refresher courses forthem are the major recommendations of the study.

Exploring initiation schools' impact on HIV and AIDS management in the Vhembe district of South Africa: An ethnography.

This article presents the positive and negative impact traditional initiation schools have on the management of HIV and AIDS in the Vhembe district in South Africa. To explore the impact of initiation schools regarding the management of HIV and AIDS. This ethnographic study was conducted in rural villages in the Vhembe district. Nine purposively sampled key informants from the Vhavenda traditional healers and leaders participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews guided by an interview and observation guide. Data were analysed using ethnographic content analysis. The results indicated that the Vhavenda have different traditional initiation schools for boys and girls. For boys, there is Muḽa [traditional male circumcision], while Musevhetho [first stage of girls' traditional initiation before puberty], Vhusha [girls' second stage of traditional initiation] and Domba [final stage of girls' traditional initiation] are for girls. Some of the information provided perpetuates engagement in multiple concurrent relationships predisposing them to contract HIV. Boys are encouraged to be strong and to control women when it comes to sexual activities to suit their desire, whether the woman consented or not, while girls are taught to be submissive to their husbands which can fuel the spread of HIV. As the initiates are attentive to whatever is said during those initiation schools, there is an opportunity for using these initiation schools for proper prevention of HIV and instilling positive behaviours by using Leininger's cultural care modalities which focus on preservation of beneficial practices and repatterning of practices which fuel the spread of HIV. The study findings will aid in the review and update of the manuals and procedures for HIV and AIDS management.