Boyle's Law Research Articles

Thoracoabdominal blood volume change and its effect on lung and chest wall volumes.

The effects of changing blood volume within the thoracoabdominal cavity (Vtab) have been studied in four male subjects trained in respiratory maneuvers. Subjects were studied lying supine in a pressure plethysmograph with inflatable fracture splints placed around both arms and legs. Changes in Vtab were produced by inflating the splints to 30 cmH2O. Thoracic gas volume (Vtg) measured by Boyle's law, and the change in chest wall volume (delta Vw), measured by anteroposterior magnetometers on rib cage and abdomen, were measured almost simultaneously and at two respiratory system volumes. The quantity of blood moved by splint inflation was estimated for each subject at both respiratory system volumes and varied between 215 and 752 ml. The chest wall increased 64 +/- 11.8% (mean +/- SD) of the increase in Vtab. Thus increases in thoracoabdominal blood volume increase Vw about twice the decrease in Vtg.

中耳疾患における中耳くう容積

A volumetric method (Boyle's law) was used to measure the middle ear volumes of 104 patients with middle ear diseases.Regression lines between middle ear volumes and X-ray middle ear areas were caliculated (y=0.93x-0.92) in eight cases of traumatic eardrum perforation.Average middle ear volumes were 12.00cc in traumatic eardrum perforations, 7.48cc in otitis media chronica (OMG) with good aeration of the mastoids, 3.60cc in OMG with poor aeration of the the mastoids and 2.92cc in retraction pockets.Mastoid volumes tended to increase until 60-70 days after ventilating tube insertion in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME).We concluded that volumetric measurement of middle ear volume is clinically useful in assessing the pathophysiology of middle ear diseases and for the better choice of operative procedures in patients with OMG, and also in assessing the ventilation of the entire mastoid cavity in patinets with OME.

Kinetic studies on void formation during liquid epoxy resin impregnation through polyester non-woven fabric

Under the condition that liquid epoxy resin impregnation was through polyester non-woven fabric sheets, sandwiched between two circular glass plates, the increase in gas pressure caused by decrease in the volume of non-impregnating area was not as much as expected according to Boyle's law. Hence, the quantity of the gas consumed by dissolution and diffusion into the liquid resin and the polyester fibers, as well as by the void formation in the impregnating area of liquid resin, was calculated. According to the results, the quantities of gas decreased by dissolution and diffusion from the non-impregnating area into the impregnating liquid resin and into the polyester fiber are found to be so small that the deviation from Boyle's law mostly depends on the gas consumption due to the void formation in the impregnating area.

Testing Boyle's law: A context for statistical methods in the undergraduate laboratory

61. Bits and pieces, 24. Applies both linear regression and significance testing via the Student t distribution to an investigation of Boyle's law.

Estimation of Alveolar Pressure Variations during Panting

Plethysmographic assessment of thoracic gas volume (TGV), using Boyles law during panting against an occluded airway, necessitates an estimation of alveolar pressure variations (δPA). In the widely used method introduced by DuBois et al in 1956, 1 DuBois AB Botelho SY Bedell GN Marshall R Comroe Jr, JR A rapid plethysmographic method for measuring thoracic gas volume: a comparison with a nitrogen washout method for measuring functional residual capacity in normal subjects. J Clin Invest. 1956; 35: 322-2600 Crossref PubMed Scopus (717) Google Scholar mouth pressure variations (δPm) are taken as an estimate of δPA. However, these authors noted that in the presence of cheek movements “the change in mouth pressure is less than the change in alveolar pressure and lags in time because of a pressure fall across the trachea owing to airflow.”

Micro‐Electronic Components Failure Rate Data Comparison

The available failure rate sources are compared. Models require repeatability to be valid. Whereas the parameters and conditions of Boyle's law enjoy this feature, failure rate models are not so constrained. Hence wide ranges apply when comparing data sources. These ranges are wide compared with the acceptable tolerances for failure rate predictions. It is argued that a simple failure model, as depicted in Table IV, is justified by the foregoing.

Diving and Chronic Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Diving and pneumothorax cannot go together. An air bubble between the visceral and the parietal pleura will change its size according to Boyle's law, and pneumothorax might increase in size during the ascent from a dive. We would like to present the case of a professional diver, who was engaged in active diving for a period of five months during which time he made 80 to 85 dives with pneumothorax. As far as we know, this is the first such case published in the medical literature. We should also like to emphasize the protracted nature of the pneumothorax, which persisted for that time without changing size. This diver had no medical problems with diving, and the deeper he descended, the better he felt. No tension pneumothorax ever occurred and the diagnosis was made by chance.

Development of an air displacement method for whole body volume measurement of infants

An infant enclosed in a rigid-walled chamber displaces a volume of air equal to its own volume. The volume of air displaced can be estimated by the change in pressure produced by a standard reduction in the chamber's volume according to Boyle's law. An instrument embodying this principle has been developed in which the differential pressure between two identical chambers is measured during equal sinusoidally imposed volume changes in the two. Problems arising from variable departure of conditions of pressure cycling, from isothermal towards adiabatic, have been dealt with by empirically derived corrections. Data are presented on the use of the method for low birth-weight infants.

Influence of panting frequency on thoracic gas volume measurements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Frequency dependence of thoracic gas volume (Vtg) and phase angles between volume and mouth pressure signals were evaluated in 10 normal subjects and in 31 patients with bronchitis, who panted sequentially at 0.8 Hz and 2.5 Hz during the same occlusion. A slight negative frequency dependence of Vtg (-1.2 +/- 0.9%/Hz, -m +/- SD), accompanied by a very small phase lag of volume with respect to pressure variations (-1.5 +/- 0.9 degrees at 2.5 Hz) was found in normal subjects. In contrast, patients with bronchitis exhibited a mild positive frequency dependence of Vtg (+ 0.5 +/- 1.7%/Hz and + 0.8 +/- 2.3%/Hz in subjects with normal and increased airway resistance, respectively), whereas the volume signal slightly led the pressure signal at 2.5 Hz. Both the frequency dependence and the phase difference increased when the subjects with the largest airway resistance did not support their cheeks during the panting maneuvers. The data confirm previous indirect evidence that Vtg is, in most instances, accurately measured by Boyle's law in mild and moderate chronic airway obstruction.

An Overview Of Computer-Enhanced Analyses Of Core Data

Introduction Using modern digital computers, a core analysis laboratory can now measure and display petrophysical parameters so as to maximize information content and ease of interpretation. Computer graphic presentations of core analyses in log format, x-y crossplots and parametric frequency distributions permit direct visual comparison and thus cut down on time spent by geological and reservoir technologists. Graphical and statistical analyses may also reveal significant trends in reservoir quality which are not readily extracted from numerical core data. This is particularly true in multi-well studies. Core Analysis in Log Format Routine core analysis of consolidated carbonate and clastic sequences includes natural gamma ray activity, porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, and grain density(1,2,3). By using standard API format log grids and 1:240 vertical scales, these parameters can be readily compared to geophysical well logs. Figure 1 illustrates core analyses of both Marly and Vuggy Members of the Midale Formation from a single well in southeast Saskatchewan. The components of track 1 Highlight changes in lithology. Total gamma ray activity is presented in standard 0 – 150 API scale together with grain density (Dg) in kilograms per cubic metre. Track 2 contains maximum horizontal permeability (Kh) on a five-cycle logarithmic grid, scaled between .01 and 1000 mD, similar to resistivity logs. Track 3 plots porosity (Φ) as the percentage of bulk volume, measured by Boyle's Law helium porosimetry. Oil and water saturations are represented by horizontal shading and horizontal stripes respectively. Cursory inspection of the three tracks reveals the essential features of the core, a fairly homogeneous dolomite with good permeability and excellent porosity underlain by a more heterogeneous limestone with good permeability and fair to good porosity. To facilitate comparison with wireline data, a transparency of the graph is laid over the open hole logs and depth shifted until the symmetry of log and core gamma ray is matched, thus compensating for the usual discrepancy between core and log depth. Vertical scales may be expanded to provide a direct overlay for digital open hole logs played back on the 1:48 "dip-meter" format. Analyses of unconsolidated sandstone cores are more complex due to sample preparation and cost of analysis(4,s.6l. After coring and prior to analysis, core temperature is reduced to and maintained at -30 °C to preserve fluid saturations and grain orientation. Figure 2 shows the analysis of a plastic sleeved heavy oil core from the Lloydminster area. Track 1 contains gamma ray and grain density. Track 2 presents particle size distribution from sieve analysis. Weight percentages for silt and grades of sand are expressed relative to total solids. The graph indicates a general coarsening from top to bottom. The pattern of the core gamma ray is mirrored in the distribution of very fine sand. Particle size analysis of unconsolidated core yields information regarding both permeability and production of sand. In track 3 mass fractions of bitumen and water appear as horizontal shading and horizontal stripes respectively on a 0 – 25 weight percentage scale.

Production Behavior of Prolific Gas Wells and Optimal Production Policy for a Gas-Reservoir Complex

Summary A new and simple decline formula facilitates the search for an optimal policy of production with or without compressers from a number of gas reservoirs of different characteristics. Optimizing production policy traditionally is carried out by trial and error. The paper leaves this procedure essentially unaltered but reduces the computer time per trial, thus allowing more trials. Results of some sample calculations are presented. Introduction Where numerous wells producing from several as reservoirs feed into a common pipeline system, a great number of alternative production policies present themselves, especially where gas has to be compressed to bring it up to pipeline pressure. To study the alternatives one needs the basic information regarding performance of the individual wells. To describe such performance one may choose among several formulas available in the literature, which are all based on the assumption that, apart from pressures. the physical conditions remain unchanged. A prudent prediction. however, will allow for possible deterioration or even complete loss of one or more wells. On the other hand, one is at liberty, of course, to postulate replacement and infill drilling. Performance of a future producer has to be estimated. Hence the combined performance of all wells in a single gas reservoir can be predicted with only limited accuracy. Once this unavoidable inaccuracy is accepted we must conclude that it is not justified and not desirable to waste computer capacity on excessively accurate well production performances-, computer capacity is employed more usefully on a large number of alternative production policies. This philosophy is worked out in the following chapters. For the time being, we have limited ourselves to reservoirs, without water drive. Performance and Decline Traditionally, inflow performance is defined as the dependence of production rate on bottomhole pressure (BHP). At low rates Darcy's law prevails and the inflow expressed at standard conditions is described by q = C (p2-pw2) (1) This formula is obtained by assuming that the gas has a constant viscosity and follows Boyle's law. At higher rates the flow becomes turbulent in the proximity of the well. There is an upstream section with a linear resistance and a downstream one with a quadratic resistance This leads to (2)Aq+Bq2=p2-pw2 This well-known formula is not exact, because the higher the rate, the longer the section with a quadratic resistance. JPT P. 2285^

Wasted ventilation measured in vitro with eight anesthetic circuits with and without inline humidification.

Compression of gases (Boyle's law) and circuit compliance are major determinants of anesthesia circuit function. The materials of which circuits are constructed and the use of heated humidifiers may result in clinically important variations in delivered minute ventilation (VE) secondary to variations in compression volume. We examined eight anesthetic circuits both with and without a heated humidifier in an in vitro setting. Compression volume was determined with a large calibrated syringe. Circuit efficiency was determined by measuring VE at multiple peak inflation pressures (PIP) while using a pediatric ventilator with fixed VE, respiratory rate, fresh gas flow, and I/E ratio. As expected, both compression volume and delivered VE highly correlated with the type of circuit and the pressure at which it was examined (P less than 0.001). Mapleson D circuits had the lowest compression volume and were the most efficient circuits (P less than 0.0001). Pediatric circle systems were intermediate and adult circle systems had the largest compression volume and were the least efficient. Humidifiers uniformly increased compression volume. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) the anesthetic circuit, its material, and the pressure at which it operates are important determinants of circuit function; 2) humidifiers increase compression volume; 3) Mapleson D circuits had the lowest compression volume and therefore were the most efficient; 4) highly compliant adult circuits may result in compression volume losses that exceed the tidal volume of a pediatric ventilator; 5) humidifiers with low volume and rigid tubing should have the least effect on minute ventilation; and 6) highly compliant adult circuits when used in the care of infants and small children must be used with caution.

Boyle's law experiment

This experiment regarding Boyle's law adheres to qualifications which allow the experiment to be meaningful to the students, is safe and simple to perform, low in cost, easy to set up and maintain, obtains reproducible results, and is capable of being performed in a reasonable length of time.

A Simple Nondestructive Method for Determination of Air Content in Polymeric Packages

ABSTRACTA new nondestructive method of estimating the residual air volume in food packages was developed and compared with the standard destructive technique. The nondestructive method involved enclosing the test package in a nonflexing, plexiglass container and placing this container into a vacuum chamber. Monitoring changes in volume at two vacuum levels and using Boyle's Law, the air content of more than fifty polymeric packages was computed. The difference between the destructive and nondestructive volumes was found to be statistically insignificant.

Boyle's law simulation

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoyle's law simulationRobert Suder Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 9, 735Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1983Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p735RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (894 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Consolidation analysis for partly saturated clay by using an elastic–plastic effective stress–strain model

AbstractThe theory of consolidation is extended to partly saturated clay soils, and formulated for finite element analyses. This formulation couples the effects of both stress and flow. It takes account of variations of this permeability of the soil and compressibility of the pore fluid with changes in void ratio, and the non‐linear stress–strain behaviour of soil. The Cam Clay model is revised to model the stress–strain behaviour of compacted soils. The compressibility of pore fluid is derived using Boyle's Law and Henry's Law, taking into account the effect of surface tension. An empirical equation is developed for permeability of pore fluid. An example of settlement of a footing on partly saturated soil is described and discussed.

Boyle's law and the monster marshmallow

Boyle's law and the monster marshmallow

Boyle's law - A different view

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature the energy of the gas is fixed and independent of its pressure and volume.

Correction Factors for Nondestructive Measurement of Residual Volume of Air in Retort Pouches

ABSTRACTA destructive and a nondestructive method of estimating residual volume of air in retort pouches were compared. The difference between the volumes of air given by two techniques were found to be significant (P < 0.05) by paired t‐test. An indirect calculation method was developed for estimation of internal pressure at neutral buoyancy and when used in conjunction with Archimedes’ Principle and Boyle's Law significantly improved the results. This method of calculating residual air in flexible pouches did not show any significant difference (P > 0.01) when compared to the standard destructive technique. The procedure outlined is easy to use.

An Improved Summation-of-Fluids Porosity Technique

Abstract The summation-of-fluids porosity technique is used widely throughout industry. While its primary value is associated with fast turnaround time for core data required for well control during drilling, the data frequently are used for reserves estimates, general reservoir engineering, and geological purposes. This paper describes an improved technique that provides a more precise determination of "pore water" to the exclusion of clay water, water of hydration, etc. This, in turn, can improve the accuracy of porosities and associated oil and water saturation values when expressed as fractions of the pore volume. The method determines the pore water at a stabilized furnace temperature of 350° F (177°C), which is below the thermal degradation temperature of common clays and minerals associated with most reservoir rocks, gypsum being a common exception. Case histories are shown where use of the 350°F (177°C) stabilized temperature method resulted in marked improvement in agreement of porosity data determined by Boyle's law and summation-of-fluids methods where previous lack of agreement existed using standard API procedures for measuring pore-water volumes.