Box Cover Research Articles

Diffusion properties of Gabonese tropical hardwoods and European softwoods measured with low-tech equipment and by an inverse method

This paper presents an experimental approach to studies of the sorption and diffusion properties of wood. Five timber species - three African tropical hardwoods, Padauk, Okoume and Iroko, and two temperate softwoods, Silver fir and Douglas fir - were studied in adsorption mode. Specimens with 10- and 20-mm longitudinal (L) and transverse (RT) thickness were waterproofed on their sides to force diffusion in those directions. After kiln drying the specimens were hung with nylon wires under cover in a home-made box in which salt solutions provided constant relative humidity (RH), and conditioned at 43, 55, 75, 84 and 97% RH in successive steps. Temperature was maintained between 20 and 24°C. During the equilibration steps the samples were periodically weighed without altering the environmental conditions imposed, by hanging the nylon wire to a spring gauge through a small hole in the box cover. The sorption isotherm properties and diffusion parameters were obtained using an inverse method based on optimization of a 1D finite difference model. The parameters obtained show a decreasing correlation between diffusion coefficient and density, as observed by several authors in the literature. They also illustrate the impact of extractives on the sorption isotherm parameters. These results show that tropical species with high density or many extractives behave very differently to European softwoods, which impedes the application of Eurocode 5 equilibrium standards for these species.

Mechanical, Fire, and Electrical Insulation Properties of Polyurethane Fly Ash Composites.

This paper demonstrates that ash composites, comprising fly ash and polyurethane, can be used to develop value-added products that exhibit an effective decrease in the leaching of coal ash inorganics to less than one-third of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s maximum contaminant level (MCL) when soaked in a water circulation system for 14 months. Furthermore, the composite blocks remain safe even with ruptured surfaces. The concept of encapsulating fly ash within ash composites by using a polar polymer to bind the fine inorganic particles, mimicking how nature does it in the original unburned coal, ensures the safety of the composite. The ash composites can be formulated to have designed mechanical, fire, and electrical properties by controlling the formulation and the density. The properties of typical density composites were produced, measured, and compared with commercial materials. This paper also demonstrates that ash composite technology can be extended to coal ash stored in ponds. Finally, a typical electric utility box cover was designed, fabricated, and test validated. The box cover has less than one-half the weight of the original box cover for the same design limits. Finally, the benefits of this ash-composite technology for product manufacturers, society, and ash producers are summarized.

Eco-design in pro-environmental activity illustrated with example of agricultural trailer loading box cover – towards a sustainable product

Eco-design in pro-environmental activity illustrated with example of agricultural trailer loading box cover – towards a sustainable product

Fault Diagnosis of Train Body Sign Abnormal Pattern with Deep Learning Based Target Detection

<p>With the development of high-speed trains in recent years, security issues have received more attention. Automatic visual inspection of the train operation system for detecting abnormalities has become a fundamental element to guarantee the safety of the train operation. Train body sign patterns like the loss and fracture of signs and lock catch (SLC) on the electrical box cover (EBC) affect the regular operation of the train electrical system. In this paper, to ensure the safe operation of the train, a novel method combining a faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) and similarity metrics is proposed to detect the abnormality of SLCs on train EBC. First, the positions of body train signs of multiple sizes are located by Faster R-CNN. Then, the regions of interest (ROI) are cut out and resized to the same size as the corresponding template images. Finally, by similarity measures, the status of the train body sign pattern is judged by comparing with the given threshold similarity value between ROIs and the template images. It is worth noting that the combination of Faster R-CNN and cosine similarity renders high accuracy in small target detection and strong robustness in image similarity comparison. The effectiveness of the proposed fault detection method and its superiority over the other types of combined methods are verified by actual experiments on the train of Guangzhou Metro Line 2.</p> <p> </p>

Analisa Penyebab Penurunan Badan Jalan Di Ruas Jalan Baru Furia Kotaraja STA (0+000 – 0+520)

Topography in Papua is generally an area consisting of mountains and valleys that have various slopes. Means of transportation was planned in such a way that it had to go through the slope. One of them is on the New Furia Kotaraja road section. On this road section, the slope is cut so that the road is made safe and comfortable for motorists to pass. However, at several points there was damage to the road body which was identified as a landslide, namely the formation of an avalanche crown on the surface of the road body. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the stability of the slopes in order to obtain ways to overcome them. Analysis of slope stability on the New Furia Kotaraja road section used the GeoStudio 2007 Slope/W assist program and manually used the Fellenius method. From the analysis that has been carried out, given the condition of the road load and pore water pressure, it can be concluded that the slopes on the New Furia Kotaraja road section Km 0+000 – 0+520 are unstable slopes because according to the results of the calculation of the slope safety factor based on the Fellenius formula, namely 0.589, according to Bowles, the slope is unstable if the factor of safety is less than 1.07. Thus, the slopes on the Baru Furia Kotaraja Km 0+520 road section need to be treated in the form of a box cover / culvert, with a surface depth of 280 cm box coler because at that depth it has a rather dense soil type, silty sand, and a channel is also planned. square type drainage with dimensions (b = 2.00 ; h = 1.70 m ) to drain water discharge (Q = 0.68 m3/s), the slope becomes stable because the slope safety factor changes to 1.259 which according to Bowles's opinion the slope is included stable when the factor of safety is above 1.25.

Implementation of Vibration Sensor and Pin Lock using Keypad for Charity Box Security

Security is a state in which people or things feel safe from ominous or unsettling hazards, which will then cause them to feel at ease and comfortable. There are many ways to achieve security, one of which is via utilizing and deploying technology. The use of security technology has advanced quickly in recent years, from low-tech to high-tech techniques. By using Arduino as a circuit controller to process input from a vibrating sensor and 4x4 keypad, output to a solenoid as a charity box lock, and a buzzer that serves as an alarm in case of theft, technological or automated methods can reduce charity box theft and also increase the security of charity box locks. The charity box security system tool is made to prevent the theft of charity boxes, which frequently happens in mosques. If someone tries to steal the charity box, an alarm will go off, and you need a pin that has been programmed on an Arduino Ide and stored in EEPROM to open the charity box cover, so this tool can stop charity box theft in mosques.

Maintenance of Bilge Pump on Ship Trawl SPL IX Owned PT. Sinar Pesona Laut

A pump is a machine or device that raises liquid from a low surface to a higher surface or moves liquid from a low-pressure to a high-pressure area. A centrifugal pump is a machine or equipment used to provide energy to a fluid (liquid) based on the centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller. So that the liquid can be moved or moved from one place to another. As it receives energy through the impeller, the fluid velocity will increase. This kinetic energy is then converted into compressive energy by the pump housing (casing) in the form of a spiral (volute) or a centrifugal pump or fixed blades (diffuser) surrounding the impeller so that the liquid exits the pump at a high speed. The maintenance method for the bilge pump auxiliary machine is carried out in 6 stages, namely, the first stage opening the filter box, the second stage removing the inner filter and filter box cover gasket, the third stage installing new anti-rust on the inside of the filter box cover, the fourth stage removing the box filter connecting faucet and the bilge pump pipeline, the fifth stage opens the connection of the pipe and the bilge pump, the sixth stage ensures that all components of the bilge pump are firmly installed and perform operational test

Process to Establish the Enhance of Fatigue Life of New Mechanical System Such as a Drawer by Accelerated Tests

To extend the life of a mechanical system, parametric Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) is proposed as a procedure to identify design faults and reduce fatigue failure. It includes a derivation of generalized time to failure model by linear transport process and a sample size equation for the ALT. A refrigerator drawer was used as an example. After loading, the rail rollers broke and the center support was bent. Ribs were added to the center support and the rail roller support was extended. At the first ALT, the box cover failed near the intersection between the cover and body. The box was then modified by increasing the rib and fillet. At the second ALT, the rails and center support fractured. They were altered by increasing the rib and corner rounding. After the third ALT, there were no issues. The drawer lifetime was ensured to be B1 life 10 years.

Gossip, the Common Denominator

Gossip, the Common Denominator

Climate Changes: Fact or Fake? Low-Cost Hands-On Experiments to Verify It

Climate changes (CC) remain a polemic topic, often causing conflicts. Scientific data indicate that the average planet temperature is rising mainly for anthropogenic actions, but this understanding must be widespread to influence the public opinion on attitudes and policymaking. Since our brains did not evolve to respond to slow/complex threats, as CC, we designed rapid, simple, interactive, hands-on educative activities. Inexpensive/reused material was employed to demonstrate the atmospheric alterations effects on global warming. We used plastic cake boxes with analogical thermometers or digital thermohygrometers and CO2 release by effervescent tablets to mimic the greenhouse effect. The system demonstrates the influence of CO2, water vapor, smoke, weather, etc. on the air temperature and humidity. CO2 enhanced temperatures within the boxes, by up to 6°C. Interestingly, in the presence of vegetation, increased temperatures were associated with decreased air humidity and simultaneous water condensation on the box cover, apparently indicating increased evaporation and water drop formation. Educators of different disciplines (Earth Science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Education, Ecology, etc.) and students can perform simple, transdisciplinary, hands-on activities within 50 min, evaluating different factors on the air temperature, and promoting transdisciplinary discussions during classes. In addition, the public can rapidly grasp CC principles in science fairs, promoting science literacy.

Hydrogen dispersion phenomenon in nominally closed spaces

The hydrogen dispersion phenomenon in an enclosure depends on the ratio of the gas buoyancy-induced momentum and diffusive motions. Random diffusive motions of individual gas particles become dominative when the release momentum is low, and a uniform hydrogen concentration appears in the enclosure instead of the gas cumulation below the ceiling. The expected hydrogen behavior could be projected by the Froude number, which value ~1 predicts a decline of buoyancy. This paper justifies this hypothesis by demonstrating full-scale experimental results of hydrogen dispersion within a confined space under six different release variations. During the experiments, hydrogen was released into the test room of 60 m3 volume in two methods: through a nozzle and through 21 points evenly distributed on the emission box cover (multi-point release). Each release method was tested with three volume flow rates (3.2 × 10−3 m3/s, 1.6 × 10−3 m3/s, 3.3 × 10−4 m3/s). The tests confirm the decrease of hydrogen buoyancy and its stratification tendencies when the Mach, Reynolds, and Froud number values decrease. Because the hydrogen dispersion phenomenon would impact fire and explosive hazards, the presented experimental results could help fire protection systems be in an enclosure designed, allowing their effectiveness optimization.

Scheme Design of Returnable Transportation Packaging System between Shandong Province and South Korea

The main trade product categories and logistic packaging standard systems were firstly investigated between Shandong province and South Korea. Based on the results, the auto parts were chosen as the target product to design the returnable transportation packaging system. Therefore, the system composed of standardized plastic pallet, nested plastic returnable box and top cover were designed for the light auto parts, while the folding visualized metal mesh box was designed for the heavy auto parts. By simulating the adaptability among different specifications of packaging equipment and the shipping containers, the recycling plastic pallet with size of 1140 mm×980 mm, plastic packaging boxes with size of 480 mm×380 mm were preferred to match 40 ft containers, the plane and space loading efficiencies of which are 94.89% and 87.35%, respectively. While, the metal mesh boxes with 1000 mm×800 mm×760 mm were preferred to match with 20 ft containers, with the plane and space loading efficiencies of 94.89% and 87.35%, respectively.

ANEW TECHNIQUE BY USING INVERTED TABLES AND 3D BOX FOR EFFICIENT QUERYING OVER AN ENCRYPTED DATABASE

The increase in the amount of data in encrypted databases has caused problems in data processing and retrieval time. In traditional query processing methods, there are many difficulties in execute query over an encrypted database because it is time- consuming. In this paper, proposes technique for querying encrypted databases records, allows authorized users to execute queries without decrypting all the records of the encrypted database. In this technique, inverted tables include the numbers of 3D box cover locations that were created to enhance and speed up the retrieval time of query and improve an approach of data embedding according to the random 3D box. The proposed method has been examined on the Iraqi voter encrypted Database. The retrieval time in (second, millisecond) has been computed for the traditional method of query processing and proposed technique that using inverted tables. The retrieval time of query executing of proposed techniques without retrieval of all the records of the encrypted database is 10.870 (seconds, millisecond) where the retrieval time of query executing of conventional method that’s retrieval of all the records of the encrypted database is 40.682 (seconds, millisecond).

Research on the Design of Recycling Medical Needle Safety Bayonet-Lock Box

In order to avoid contaminations and spread of diseases in the use of needles, hospitals adapted disposable policy after one single used. Needles should be used only once and must be disposed of for recycling to avoid infections and spread of diseases. Also to avoid any poking accidents to the medical staffs and recycling personnel in the process of collection, it was accustom to put the needle head back to the needle case, but because the hole of the needle case is small, medical personnel could be by accident or carelessness poke the needle to his or her own hand. This design proposes an innovative collection box for the needle of syringe recycle under safety and management consideration. It can effectively recycle needles in real time and record the time of using needles. It can avoid people repeated use of drugs at home that is a mentally disabled. It is not only simple in structure and low costs, but also easy to operation. It can avoid puncturing the medical personnel and personnel who recycle medical waste. This collection box is composed of a box body and a box cover. On the box cover, it contains one or more needle recycle holes. The needle can be plugged on the needle recycle hole. And the hole has a large circular portion of the fixed ring. Furthermore, the top end with several Bumps structure called Fixing pin fork can restrict the needle to avoid detachment on the inner side of in the upper diameter hole. Therefore, plugging the needle into the box cover and using Fixing pin fork at in the upper diameter hole can separate the needle and syringe. After that, the used needle and syringe can be stored inside the collection box. In this design, it demonstrates a simple structure with a low production cost. Moreover, it is very convenient for people usage.

Computing coverage kernels under restricted settings

Given a set B of d-dimensional boxes (i.e., axis-aligned hyperrectangles), a minimum coverage kernel is a subset of B of minimum size covering the same region as B. Computing it is NP-hard, but as for many similar NP-hard problems (e.g., Box Cover, and Orthogonal Polygon Covering), the problem becomes solvable in polynomial time under restrictions on B. We show that computing minimum coverage kernels remains NP-hard even when restricting the graph induced by the input to a highly constrained class of graphs. Alternatively, we present two polynomial-time approximation algorithms for this problem: one deterministic with an approximation ratio within O(log⁡n), and one randomized with an improved approximation ratio within O(lg⁡OPT) (with high probability).

Object Localization and Depth Estimation for Eye-in-Hand Manipulator Using Mono Camera

This paper proposes the object localization and depth estimation to select and set goals for robots via machine vision. An algorithm based on a deep region-based convolution neural network (R-CNN) will recognize targets and non-targets. After the targets are recognized, we employed both the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) and the fuzzy inference system (FIS) to localize two-dimension (2D) positions. Moreover, based on the field of view (FoV) and a disparity map, the depth is estimated by a mono camera mounted on the end-effector with an eye-in-hand manipulator structure. Although using a single mono camera, the system can easily find the camera baseline by only shifting the end-effector a few millimeters towards the x-axis. Thus, we can obtain and identify the depth of the layered environment in 3D points, which form a dataset to recognize the junction box covers on the table. Experimental tests confirmed that the algorithm could accurately distinguish junction box covers or non-targets and could estimate whether the targets are within the depth for grasping by three-finger grippers. Furthermore, the proposed optimized depth error of -0.0005%, and localization method could precisely position the junction box cover with recognizing and picking error rates 0.993 and 98.529% respectively.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ КАБЕЛІВ ДО ПОШИРЕННЯ ПОЛУМ'Я ШЛЯХОМ ОБЛИЦЮВАННЯ МЕТАЛЕВОГО КАБЕЛЬНОГО КОРОБУ РЕАКТИВНИМ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНИМ МАТЕРІАЛОМ

Наведено результати дослідження стійкості до поширення полум’я кабелів, прокладених у металевому кабельному коробі, внутрішня поверхня якого покрита реактивним вогнезахисним матеріалом. Застосовано методику дослідження, яка ґрунтується на положеннях ДСТУ EN 60332-3-10:2013 та ДСТУ EN 60332-3-22:2013. Сутність цієї методики полягає в тому, що на пучок кабелів категорії А, класу нестійких до поширення полум’я, розташований всередині металевого кабельного коробу, через прямокутний отвір в кришці коробу протягом 40 хв діють полум’ям двох спеціальних стрічкових пальників. Після припинення впливу цього полум'я визначають довжину звугленої частини кабелів і порівнюють її з граничним значенням, яке становить 1,5 м. За результатами дослідження встановлено особливості процесу поширення полум’я по кабелях, прокладених у металевому кабельному коробі, внутрішня поверхня якого покрита реактивним вогнезахисним матеріалом. Визначено конструктивне рішення, яке забезпечує обмеження поширення полум’я по кабелях, прокладених у металевому кабельному коробі, в межах приміщення, де виникла пожежа. Встановлено напрям подальших досліджень, які орієнтовані на виявлення впливу об’ємного коефіцієнту спучення реактивного вогнезахисного матеріалу, яким покрито внутрішню поверхню металевого кабельного коробу, на стійкість кабелів до поширення полум’я.

烟箱盖板支撑复位装置

烟箱盖板支撑复位装置

Consumer Involvement In Japanese Pornography Production

The authors examined two pornographic film series produced in Japan in the first decade of the twenty-first century, as well as their DVD box cover advertising copy. Additionally, and crucially, these data were examined in light of online forum posts made by the producers and consumers of the two film series before, during and after their production. These posts indicate consumer-producer cooperation and collaboration in all aspects of the series’ planning and execution, in addition to consumer involvement in the perpetration of the filmed sex acts and abuses themselves. The discussion of the article emphasizes the accelerating effect of online collaboration between pornographic film producers and consumers regarding the severity of harms then visited upon female victims. It was noted that these victims are most often women in the sex industry. The article further highlights the (consumer) demand-pull effect that online forums have on the production and dissemination of pornography, in contrast to (producer) supply-push effects that have been emphasized in other feminist anti-pornography research.

The Research and Implementation of Intelligent Judgment about Bus Switching Based on the Automation System

The design of the GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) equipment fully enclosed, when it reduces the problem of interference caused by the external environment and reduces the substation area, it also makes the operator cannot directly observe the status of the device. When the mechanism box cover of knife switch rust, or internal components of knife switch rust, or the actual switching contacts are not in place, but the knife switch position indicator indicating closing, it will easily cause charged prone to pull the knife switch accident happen, especially in the switching operation of the bus, the problem is more prominent. Aiming at the risk of status of the knife position can go wrong, and combined with the current status of the substation, this paper proposes a technology program of intelligent assist judgment about bus switching based on the automation system, which use bus power balance principle and the principle of the three-phase current balance to achieve GIS knife in the switching operation process to determine the location of the intelligent Assistant. This paper uses historical data of scheduling sequence database and historical data of substation automation system to verify the reliability of the algorithm. The intelligent auxiliary judgment module for bus switching based on this paper has been deployed in many substations and verified through switching operation many times, it has good promotional value.