Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology Research Articles

Effects of Hydraulic Conditions on Effluent Quality, Flux Behavior, and Energy Consumption in a Shear-Enhanced Membrane Filtration Using Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology

A systematic study has been carried out to get insight into the effect of hydraulic conditions (feed flow rate (Q), transmembrane pressure (TMP), and rotating speed (N)) on the treatment of dairy wastewater with shear-enhanced membrane flirtation using Box-Behnken response surface methodology (BBRSM). Performances of three types of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (UH005P, UH030P, and PES050) were compared to choose the optimal membrane. A 1.5 h test was conducted on the analysis of kinetics of permeate flux decline under various hydraulic conditions. With the help of the BBRSM method, the influence and interactions of three hydraulic factors were investigated and regression models were built, while data on effluent quality, flux behavior, and energy consumption as the response values were collected. The results showed that TMP, rotating speed, and their interaction effects could improve significantly effluent quality and flux behavior, reduce several irreversible and total filtration resistancess and greatly decrease energy consumption. The optimal hydraulic conditions obtained by BBRSM were as follows: Q = 75.81 L/h, TMP = 7 bar, and N = 2250 rpm. Under these conditions, the best effluent quality, optimal flux behavior, and minimal energy consumption have been observed.

Physical properties and fatty acid composition of pomegranate seed oil microcapsules prepared by using starch derivatives/whey protein blends

Effect of different product formulation on the properties of resulting pomegranate seeds oil (PSO) microcapsules during spray drying encapsulation was studied. PSO microencapsulation was optimized using Box–Behnken's response surface methodology. Emulsion droplet size (3.01–9.21 µm) and viscosity (16–34 cP), product yield (50–76%), microencapsulation efficiency (76–88%), moisture (2.3–3.5 g/100 g dry matter), water activity (0.17–0.22), bulk density (262–522 kg/m3), hygroscopicity (14–23%), solubility (>97%), particle size (11.30–36.27 µm), and microstructure were analyzed. Three saturated and six unsaturated fatty acids were identified in the PSO; punicic acid was predominant in both unprocessed and microencapsulated ones. The ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was stable during processing, however, distribution of fatty acids – especially C18:3 isomers – changed by microencapsulation. Optimum product formula which simultaneously maximized the product yield and microencapsulation efficiency was predicted as 75.5 g/100 g emulsion dry matter (EDM) of maltodextrin/modified starch N‐LOK (70/30), 24.5 g/100 g EDM of whey protein concentrate, and 15 g oil/100 g EDM. Peroxide and p‐anisidine values of the encapsulated PSO were within acceptable range after spray drying. However, the oxidative stability decreased at high temperature (60°C) after 5 days of storage.The fatty acids composition of the unprocessed and microencapsulated PSO was same. The encapsulated PSO produced with the optimum product formula had a POV < 15 meq/kg oil, which indicates acceptable oil quality. Oxidation products reached to an unacceptable level (Totox value >30) after 5th day of storage at 60°C.

Statistical approach to optimize production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2297.

The main objective of this paper is to optimize biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2297 with statistical approaches. Biosurfactant production from P. aeruginosa 2297 was carried out with different carbon sources, and maximum yield was achieved with sawdust followed by groundnut husk and glycerol. The produced biosurfactant has showed active emulsification and surface-active properties. From the kinetic growth modeling, the specific growth rate was calculated on sawdust and it was 1.12 day−1. The maximum estimated value of product yield on biomass growth (Y p/x) was 1.02 g/g. The important medium components identified by the Plackett–Burman method were sawdust and glycerol along with culture parameter pH. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize biosurfactant production. The obtained experimental result concludes that Box–Behnken designs are very effective statistical tools to improve biosurfactant production. These results may be useful to develop a high efficient production process of biosurfactant. In addition, this type of kinetic modeling approach may constitute a useful tool to design and scaling-up of bioreactors for the production of biosurfactant.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0203-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Optimization of medium components for production of chitin deacetylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Z7, using response surface methodology

Plackett–Burman design and Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the medium components for the chitin deacetylase (CDA) activity from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Z7. Plackett–Burman design was applied to determine the specific medium components affecting CDA activity and found that starch, chitin and MgSO4 were critical in augmenting CDA activity. These significant parameters were further optimized using Box–Behnken RSM and the optimum concentrations of starch, chitin and MgSO4 were found to be 24.4, 8.8 and 0.19 g/L, respectively. The optimum medium composition was chitin 8.8 g/L, starch 24.4 g/L, yeast extract 10g/L, MgSO4 0.19 g/L, K2HPO4 0.3 g/L and NaCl 5 g/L. Under these optimal conditions, the CDA activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Z7 increased distinctly from 18.75 to 27.48 U/mL (46.6% increase in total yield).

Optimization of process conditions for production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from vital wheat gluten using response surface methodology

The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of vital wheat gluten (VWG) hydrolyzed using Alcalase were investigated using Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The mean responses were fitted to a second order polynomial to obtain regression equations. The enzyme-substrate ratio and the hydrolysis time increased the DH significantly (p<0.05). The substrate concentration was the only significant linear term leading to an increase in ACE-inhibitory activity. The optimized conditions of a substrate concentration of 5.04%, an enzyme-substrate ratio 5.94%, and a hydrolysis time 30.79 min gave a point prediction of a 12.74% DH and 82.28% ACE-inhibitory activity. Analytical results from confirmatory experiment were a 12.22%±0.5 DH and a 78.93%±1.07 ACE-inhibitory activity. The optimized conditions of the study provide useful information to the functional food and beverage industries to enhance the anti-hypertensive activities of peptides from VWG.

Adsorption property of direct red brown onto acid-thermal-modified sepiolite and optimization of adsorption conditions using Box-Behnken response surface methodology

The chemical properties of the acid-thermal-modified sepiolite were investigated. At the same time, the adsorption behaviors of direct red brown onto modified sepiolite were studied. The pHZPC of the raw sepiolite and the acid-thermal-modified sepiolite was 7.32±0.1 and 6.44 ± 0.1, respectively. The results indicated that the acid-thermal modification increased the surface acidity of the sepiolite and the available surface sites for adsorption. According to the X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra, the results showed that the modification improved the purity of the sepiolite. The amount of the direct red brown adsorbed increased from 15.34 to 62.42 mg/g onto the modified sepiolite, as initial dye concentration increased from 50 to 200 mg/L. The amount of direct red brown adsorbed decreased from 18.96 to 13.76 mg/g, as the initial pH of the dye solution increased from 2 to 8. The direct red brown onto modified sepiolite was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experiment data were calculated by the Box-Behnken, and the optimum adsorption conditions were following: the adsorbent dosage 2.53 g/L, pH 4.70, and reaction time 4.46 h. The decolorization rate performed in the optimum adsorption conditions was 91.5%. The initial pH, adsorbent dosage, reaction time, the interaction of adsorbent dosage and reaction time were significant factors for the adsorption.

Degradation of Alizarin Yellow R using UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process

The homogeneous advanced oxidation process of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was utilized to degrade Alizarin Yellow R, one of the most commonly used azo dyes in the textile industry. In this study, the effects of initial H2O2 concentration, initial dye concentration, initial pH, and temperature were examined to determine the optimum conditions for maximum degradation. Complete degradation was achieved within 1 h, for all the experimental conditions studied in the present work. The Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the variables of the degradation process. Based on the estimated optimum conditions, 92.7% of degradation was achieved. The degradation process was found to follow first order kinetics. The estimated rate constants, along with the optimized conditions will be of useful for the design and scale up of the combined UV/H2O2 process for the said purpose. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 482–489, 2014

Valorization of Chicken Feather Waste for Concomitant Production of Keratinase, Oligopeptides and Essential Amino Acids Under Submerged Fermentation by Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize and improve submerged fermentation for the production of keratinase by Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2. Among different physico-chemical parameters, 0.8 % chicken feather (w/v), 2.36 % bacterial inoculum (v/v), 5.08 % NaCl (w/v) and 0.052 % K2HPO4 (w/v) were significantly influencing on keratinase production, feather degradation ability and oligopeptides production, analysed through Plackett–Bruman factorial design followed by Box–Behnken response surface methodology. Under these conditions keratinase activity (78.62 U ml−1), feather degradation efficiency (86.99 %) and oligopeptides production (3.77 mg ml−1) respectively, were obtained in submerged condition. Furior tranansform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveled the sulphitolysis and keratinolysis of feathers. After fermentation culture filtrate containing significant amount of oligopeptides were analysed through reduced gel electrophoresis and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), reveled that the molecular masses of the solubilized products, oligopeptides, were less than 8,000 Da. Amino acids were detected and analysed through thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography signifies that a rich number of essential amino acids (valine, lycine, alanine, isoleucine, cysteine, tryptophan, lysine, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, glycine, aspartic acid, thionine, hydroxyproline and serine) were produced in the fermented medium. This results influence the bioactivities of oligopeptides and amino acids derived from the bacterial-degradation of chicken feathers may be used for livestock feedstuffs formulation and used as nitrogen supplementation for micriobial growth medium.

Enhanced tannase production by Bacillus subtilis PAB2 with concomitant antioxidant production

Abstract The present study was aimed at finding the optimal conditions for tannin biodegradation by Bacillus subtilis PAB2, a newly isolated soil bacterium, and to study its fermentative byproducts. Tannase production by B. subtilis PAB2 in optimum level was studied by one variable at a time (OVAT) approach followed by Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) using six important variables. The maximum tannase production (10.69 U/ml) was achieved in the presence of 0.47% (w/v) tannic acid, 0.23% (w/v) ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), 0.1% (w/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) and 0.046% (w/v) magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) with the initial medium pH of 5.9 and incubation at 34.1 °C for 36 h under shaking condition (120 rpm). An overall 2.06 fold increase in tannase production was achieved after RSM global formulation. One of the major end product of tannin degradation i.e. gallic acid, was accumulated in the highest level (6.45 mg/ml) in 36 h of fermentation. Liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy results indicated the presence of both gallic acid and pyrogallol in the fermentative end product. Purification of gallic acid and pyrogallol was achieved through high pressure liquid chromatography followed by crystallization and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Associated production of tannase as well as gallic acid and pyrogallol by B. subtilis PAB2 makes it obvious in different biotechnological interest.

Orally disintegrating tablet of novel salt of antiepileptic drug: Formulation strategy and evaluation

The aim of present research was to design and evaluate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of novel lamotrigine-cyclamate salt. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was selected to design the optimized formulation. The independent factors selected were tablet hardness (X1), disintegrant (X2) and lubricant (X3) levels, and responses chosen were disintegration time (DT, Y1), friability (Y2), T50 (Y3), and T90 (Y4). The tablets were also characterized for drug uniformity by near infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) and taste masking evaluation by electronic tongue. All the selected independent variables were statistically (p<0.05) effect the Y1 while Y2, Y3, and Y4 affected only by X2. The optimized ODT was found to meet the regulatory requirement of DT and friability specification. The NIR-CI images indicated uniform distribution of active and inactive ingredients within the tablets. The electronic tongue results were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA). It indicated that novel salt of lamotrigine and its ODT formulation have a taste similar to cyclamic acid which is indicated by close proximity on PCA score plot, lower Euclidean distance, and high discrimination index values. Furthermore, these parameters were very close to ODT placebo formulation. On the other hand, lamotrigine, its ODT, and placebo formulation were far from each other. In summary, lamotrigine salt provides another avenue for pediatric friendly formulation for children and will enhance patience compliance.

Release optimization of epidermal growth factor from PLGA microparticles

The objective of this study was to prepare poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based microparticles as potential carriers for recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). In order to optimize characteristic parameters of protein-loaded microspheres, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as the model protein. To reduce burst release as a common problem of microspheres, a proper alteration in the particle composition was used, such as addition of poly vinyl alcohol and changes in initial drug loading. The effects of these parameters on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release kinetics of BSA in PLGA microspheres were investigated using a Box–Behnken response surface methodology. The biological activity of the released rhEGF was assessed using human skin fibroblasts cell proliferation assay. The prepared rhEGF-loaded microspheres had an average size of 6.44 ± 2.45 µm, encapsulation efficiency of 97.04 ± 1.13%, burst release of 13.06 ± 1.35% and cumulative release of 22.56 ± 2.41%. The proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells cultivated with rhEGF releasate of microspheres was similar to that of pure rhEGF, indicating the biological activity of released protein confirming the stability of rhEGF during microsphere preparation. These results are in agreement with the purpose of our study to prepare rhEGF-entrapped PLGA microparticles with optimized characteristics.

Development and validation of a simple and sensitive HPLC–UV method for the determination of captopril in human plasma using a new derivatizing reagent 2-naphthyl propiolate

In this study, a simple, sensitive and reliable HPLC-UV method applying rapid sample preparation technique for the determination of captopril in human plasma was developed and validated. The method is based on pre-column derivatization of captopril and 2-propene-1-thiol (internal standard) with a new reagent 2-naphthyl propiolate. Sample clean-up, derivatization and extraction were carried out in two steps, totally less than 30min. The extracts were chromatographed on a C18 column (5μm, 150mm×4.6mmi.d.). The mobile phase consisted of methanol (75%, v/v) and phosphate buffer (25%, pH=8, 0.01M). UV detection was performed at 290nm. To obtain the best reaction yield, the factors that could influence the derivatization process, including the concentration of derivatization reagent, pH of sample solution and temperature were investigated in detail and optimized using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Under optimized conditions the average extraction recovery of captopril and internal standard were >86%. The achieved lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 3ng/mL; the assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 3-2000ng/mL with correlation coefficient (r(2)) of ≥0.99. The precision was satisfactory in the whole calibration range with RSD of 5.9-12.4% (accuracy: from 97.5% to 93.6%) and of 6.4-12.8% (accuracy: from 97.3% to 95.2%) for intra- and inter-assay, respectively. The method stability was confirmed in a series of experiments including: freeze-thaw, short- and long-term stability testing. Lastly, the developed method was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of captopril administrated as a single oral dose (50mg) to 12 healthy male volunteers.

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Laccase Production by Recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115-LCCA Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Application to Dye Decolorization

In this work, recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115-lccA was cultured and expressed with the highest laccase activity of 2357 U/L with ABTS (2, 2'-nazinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)) as reacting substrate. To achieve the higher laccase activity, multiple key factors were screened (using a Plackett-Burman design of experiments methodology) related to the fermentation conditions for producing GS115-lccA. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed for further optimization. The optimum fermentation conditions of the fermentation were obtained as follows: 0.603% methanol added into the culture every 24 h, medium optimal initial pH 7.1, and liquid medium volume of 20.4% provided the highest enzyme activity of 5235 U/L. The decolorization experiments of dyes (Reactive Blue KN-R and Acid Red 35) were carried with the laccase cultured by recombinant P. pastoris GS115-lccA. This purified enzyme showed excellent decolorization capacity. After 24 h, the decolorization of Reactive Blue KN-R with 100 mg/L at 50 °C, pH 4.5 using 20 mM acetate buffer with 2 U/mL purified enzyme was 91.33%, and for Acid Red 35, the decolorization was 78.96%. All results suggested that this laccase may be suitable for the wastewater treatment of similar azo and anthraquinone dyes from the deinking and dyeing industries.

High speed CNC machining of AISI 304 stainless steel; Optimization of process parameters by MOGA

This work is to establish the relationship with the basic parameters to the responses namely Surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). The Taguchi based Box-Behnken RSM (Response Surface Methodology) method is used to develop prediction formula and Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is used for High speed CNC milling process optimization with higher Spindle speed, Feed rate and Depth of cut for better surface finish and material removal rate. The Ra and MRR is resultant of various controllable process parameters are Spindle speed, Feed rate and Depth of Cut, Hardness of the material, wet or dry machining, type of insert, and Dynamic forces on the job, tool wear rate with Cutter geometry. The need for scientific selection of machining parameters, conditions and the most suitable type of cutting tool has been felt over the years to eliminate the human intervention to reduce the errors and to improve productivity of the system. High speed CNC milling process is scientifically optimized using this method formulating a mathematical model that relates the surface roughness and MRR with cutting parameters in end milling, precisely to the Spindle speed, Feed rate, Depth of cut and insert type, which reduces human intervention on the process. Keywords: CNC milling, optimization, surface finish, DOE, ANOVA, material removal rate, Box-Benkhen method, genetic algorithm, stainless steel

Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Longan Seed by Response Surface Methodology

A Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters of ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from longan seed based on the single-factor experiments. The effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on the extraction yield of phenolics from longan seed were investigated. The major parameter influencing the extraction was the extraction temperature. In this experiment, the maximal extraction yield of phenolics was obtained with 5.931 ± 0.016% (n = 3) at extraction temperature 82°C, methanol concentration 50% and extraction time 41 min. Under optimal conditions, the activity predicted by the model agreed well with experimental data.

Adsorption property of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite and optimization of adsorption conditions using Box-Behnken response surface methodology

The adsorption of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the influences of experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial solution pH and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process. The three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for modeling and optimization of the adsorption conditions for direct fast black onto the acid-thermal modified sepiolite. The raw sepiolite was converted to acid-thermal modified sepiolite, and changes in the fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) adsorption bands of the sample were noted at 3435 cm−1 and 1427 cm−1. The zeolitic water disappeared and the purity of sepiolite was improved by acid-thermal modification. The decolorization rate of direct fast black adsorbed increased from 68.2% to 98.9% on acid-thermal modified sepiolite as the initial solution pH decreased from 10 to 2. When the adsorbent dosage reached to 2.5 g·L−1, 2.0 g·L−1, 1.5 g·L−1 and 1.0 g·L−1, the decolorization rate was 90.3%, 86.7%, 61.0% and 29.8%, respectively. When initial dye concentration increased from 25 to 200 mg·L−1, the decolorization rate decreased from 91.9% to 60.0%. The RSM results showed that the interaction between adsorbent dosage and pH to be a significant factor. The optimum conditions were as follows: the adsorbent dosage 1.99 g·L−1, pH 4.22, and reaction time 5.2 h. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate was 95.1%. The three dimensional fluorescence spectra of direct fast black before and after treatment showed that the direct fast black was almost all adsorbed by the acid-thermal modified sepiolite.

Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template

Highly ordered and nanometer-scaled nickel wire arrays were successfully prepared by supercritical electrodeposition method using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The results show that the well-ordered and free-standing nickel nanowire arrays can be constructed uniformly on a titanium-coated silicon wafer after removing the AAO template. The diameter and length of the nickel nanowire in the arrays can be obtained, about 100 nm and 10 um, respectively. Based on Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a regression model was built by fitting the experimental results with a polynomial equation. The current density, pressure, and temperature are critical important factors of the growth mechanism of deposited nanowires. The optimal length of nanowires, 10.03 μm, can be achieved at the following conditions: current density 0.23 A/cm2, pressure 107 bar, and temperature 53°C.

Optimization of matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with gas chromatography electron capture detection for determination of chlorinated pesticides in soil

A fast, simple and efficient technique based on matrix solid phase dispersion has been presented for extraction and clean-up of some chlorinated pesticides and derivative products; α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan 1, endosulfan 2, 4,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDD, heptachlor epoxide, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was employed for optimization of the extraction efficiency. As the optimized procedure, 0.5g of dried and sieved soil samples were mixed with 2.0g of 10% C18 in silica (w/w) as dispersant and after transferring into the extraction tube they were extracted with 8mL of dichloromethane-n-hexane (1:1, v/v). Gas chromatography with electron capture detector was used for selective and sensitive determination of the analytes. Recoveries for the extraction of the proposed analytes were calculated and were satisfying (more than 75%), except for endrin aldehyde (59%) and endosulfan sulfate (62%). Also the method was linear over the calibration range (R2>0.991) and the quantitative results were reasonably reproducible and sensitive (LODs ranged between 0.3 and 1.8ngg−1).

Optimization of photo-Fenton process of RO concentrated coking wastewater using response surface methodology

The objective of this study was aimed at investigating the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from reverse osmosis (RO) concentrated coking wastewater by the photo-Fenton process. The optimum extraction conditions for the photo-Fenton process by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to establish a predictive polynomial quadratic model were discussed based on a single factor test. Optimized parameters validated by the analysis of variances (ANOVA) were found to be H(2)O(2) concentration of 345.2 mg/L, pH value of 4.1 and reaction time of 103.5 minutes under ultraviolet irradiation. The experimental results of the COD removal under the optimized conditions presented better agreement with the predicted values with deviation error of 3.2%. The results confirmed that RSM based on BBD was a suitable method to optimize the operating conditions of RO concentrated coking wastewater.

Effects of aeration parameters on effluent quality and membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor using Box–Behnken response surface methodology

Membrane bioreactor (MBR), which has been widely used in wastewater treatment, is restricted by membrane fouling and high energy consumption generated by aeration. Research on the effects of aeration on effluent quality and membrane fouling as well as fouled membrane cleaning methods is of great significance.By means of the Box–Behnken response surface methodology experiment, influence significance and interactions of three factors (aeration flow rate, time and position) were studied, and regression models were established. The optimal control parameters of aeration flow rate, time and position were found utilizing the Minitab optimizer. Meanwhile, the comprehensive effluent quality, membrane fouling and aeration energy consumption were considered. The results showed that: compared to aeration position, aeration flow rate and time affected effluent quality more significantly, and the two factors interacted. Effects of the three factors on membrane fouling were sequenced as follows: aeration flow rate>aeration position>aeration time. Besides, aeration flow rate and aeration time also interacted. When aeration flow rate, aeration time and aeration position reached 4.9m3/h, 86.1min and 6cm, respectively, effluent quality could meet the primary A standard of “Cities Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard” (GB18918-2002), membrane fouling could be controlled within a smaller range, and energy consumption for unit effluent was minimized.