Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to optimize biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2297 with statistical approaches. Biosurfactant production from P. aeruginosa 2297 was carried out with different carbon sources, and maximum yield was achieved with sawdust followed by groundnut husk and glycerol. The produced biosurfactant has showed active emulsification and surface-active properties. From the kinetic growth modeling, the specific growth rate was calculated on sawdust and it was 1.12 day−1. The maximum estimated value of product yield on biomass growth (Y p/x) was 1.02 g/g. The important medium components identified by the Plackett–Burman method were sawdust and glycerol along with culture parameter pH. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize biosurfactant production. The obtained experimental result concludes that Box–Behnken designs are very effective statistical tools to improve biosurfactant production. These results may be useful to develop a high efficient production process of biosurfactant. In addition, this type of kinetic modeling approach may constitute a useful tool to design and scaling-up of bioreactors for the production of biosurfactant.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0203-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Microbial surfactants are structurally different group of surface-active biomolecules produced by a variety of microorganisms and are receiving considerable attention due to their unique properties such as higher biodegradability, lower toxicity, and greater stability (Mukherjee et al 2006; Mulligan 2005)
The emulsification activities of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2297 from different fermentation substrates and synthetic surfactants were tested with diesel, petrol, olive oil, and groundnut oil
When petrol and olive oil tested, maximum emulsification activity of 72.25 ± 2.47 and 59.23 ± 0.19 % was shown by biosurfactant produced from groundnut husk and coconut oil, respectively, used as a substrate and was comparable to all synthetic surfactants (Fig. 1)
Summary
Microbial surfactants are structurally different group of surface-active biomolecules produced by a variety of microorganisms and are receiving considerable attention due to their unique properties such as higher biodegradability, lower toxicity, and greater stability (Mukherjee et al 2006; Mulligan 2005). The glycolipids produced by strains of Pseudomonas have received much attention due to their notable tensioactive and emulsifying properties (Maier and Soberon-Chavez 2000; Mulligan 2005). Biosurfactants have limited applications owing to their high production costs, which can be lowered by process optimization, downstream processing strategies, agro-industrial waste fermentation, and use of hyper-producer strains (e.g., mutant and recombinant strains) (Wei et al 2004; Perfumo et al 2010). The limitations of classical method of media optimization can be overcome by the application of single factor optimization process by statistical experimental design using Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology (RSM) (Lotfy et al 2007; Tanyildizi et al 2005)
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