Box-Behnken Experimental Design Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15.

BGP-15 is an active ingredient with many advantages, e.g., beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. The transdermal administration of BGP-15 has great potential, which has not been investigated yet, despite the fact that it is a non-invasive and safe form of treatment. The aim of our study was to formulate transdermal patches containing BGP-15 and optimize the production with the Box-Behnken design of experiment. The most optimal formulation was further combined with penetration enhancers to improve bioavailability of the active ingredient, and the in vitro drug release and in vitro permeation of BGP-15 from the patches were investigated. FTIR spectra of BGP-15, the formulations and the components were also studied. The most optimal formulation based on the tested parameters was dried for 24 h, with 67% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content and low ethanol content. The selected penetration enhancer excipients were not cytotoxic on HaCaT cells. The FTIR measurements and SEM photography proved the compatibility of the active substance and the vehicle; BGP-15 was present in the polymer matrix in dissolved form. The bioavailability of BGP-15 was most significantly enhanced by the combination of Transcutol and Labrasol. The in vitro permeation study confirmed that the formulated patches successfully enabled the transdermal administration of BGP-15.

Study on the Effects of Additives on the Performance of Ni–Co–P Alloy Coatings Using Box–Behnken Design

Study on the Effects of Additives on the Performance of Ni–Co–P Alloy Coatings Using Box–Behnken Design

Optimization of Carbon and Nitrogen Source to Enhance Antibacterial Activity from a Sponge-derived Bacillus tequilensis

In our endeavor to find antibacterial from marine bacteria, we screened the microbiota from a Lithistid sponge, collected from Seribu Island, Jakarta. One of the promising strains was K 2.4.2. Identification of the strain using 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing resulted a sequence similarity of 100% to Bacillus tequilensis. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture conditions for enhancing antibacterial activity of the strain. The optimization was carried out using Box-Behnken design experiment to determine the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources in order to produce maximum antibacterial activity. The optimum media with high antibacterial activity was marine broth with the addition of carbon and nitrogen concentration source of sucrose 2.15 % and peptone 1.08%, respectively. In addition, the optimum temperature was 31.18oC. The antibacterial activity response was predicted using a statistical model and compared to the activity in the experiment. The difference between the model and the laboratory experiment was less than 5% which showed a good accuracy. The results of this study once again showed that optimization method effectively reduced time, chemicals, and energy.

Optimization of the Centrifugal Spinning Parameters to Prepare Poly(butylene succinate) Nanofibers Mats for Aerosol Filter Applications.

Air pollution is becoming a serious issue because it negatively impacts the quality of life. One of the first most useful self-defense approaches against air pollution are face masks. Typically made of non-renewable petroleum-based polymers, these masks are harmful to the environment, and they are mostly disposable. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is regarded as one of the most promising materials because of its exceptional processability and regulated biodegradability in a range of applications. In this regard, nanofiber-based face masks are becoming more and more popular because of their small pores, light weight, and excellent filtration capabilities. Centrifugal spinning (CS) provides an alternative method for producing nanofibers from various materials at high speeds and low costs. This current study aimed to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the resultant PBS fiber morphology. Following that, the usability of PBS nonwoven as a filter media was investigated. The effects of solution concentration, rotating speed, and needle size have been examined using a three-factorial Box-Behnken experimental design. The results revealed that PBS concentration had a substantial influence on fiber diameter, with a minimum fiber diameter of 172 nm attained under optimum production conditions compared to the anticipated values of 166 nm. It has been demonstrated that the desired function and the Box-Behnken design are useful instruments for predicting the process parameters involved in the production of PBS nanofibers. PBS filters can achieve an excellent efficiency of more than 98% with a pressure drop of 238 Pa at a flow rate of 85 L/min. The disposable PBS filter media was able to return to nature after use via hydrolysis processes. The speed and cost-effectiveness of the CS process, as well as the environmentally benign characteristics of the PBS polymer, may all contribute considerably to the development of new-age filters.

Contribution to the Improvement of the Wear Resistance of the AISI 1010 Material by the Tribofinishing Process Using the Box-Behnken Experimental Designs

Tribofinishing is a mechanical-chemical process that utilizes low-frequency vibrations in the presence of abrasives and chemical additives. This process is primarily dependent on frequency and amplitude, which generally leads to improvements in characteristics, mechanical properties, physical attributes, and metallography of the treated surfaces. This document examines the influence of abrasives, specifically bakelites used as unguided cutting tools, on the wear resistance of AISI 1010 carbon steel. It takes into account the variation of influential parameters, namely frequency, amplitude, and treatment duration. The use of Minitab version 16 software enabled us to statistically analyze and interpret the obtained results, both numerically and graphically. This analysis also allowed us to determine the order and degree of influence of the factors on the response. The obtained results are highly interesting. The coefficient of friction decreased significantly with an increase in the treatment time, up to 90 minutes, while maintaining a frequency of up to 90 Hz and a maximum amplitude of 5 mm.

Design and Experiment of Grain Lifter for Sorghum Harvester

In order to solve the problems of grain lifter in sorghum harvesting, such as ear loss and serious crop leakage loss, combined with the physical and mechanical characteristics of sorghum, the segmented and reverse spiral grain lifter for sorghum harvesting and cutting table was developed, and the design method of the main structural parameters of the grain lifter was determined. The comparative test of the working effect of the clasp showed that the working effect of the cutting table with the clasp was better than that without the clasp, which effectively reduced the harvest loss of the cutting table. By using Box–Behnken experimental design method, the influence law of forward speed, tilt angle, and rotation speed of grain lifter on the rate of ear loss and harvest loss in sorghum harvesting was investigated. The regression mathematical model and response surface of the rate of ear loss and harvest loss and analysis factors were established, and the optimal working parameters of the grain lifter were determined. The forward speed was 0.8 m/s, the tilt angle of the grain lifter was 28°, and the rotation speed of the grain lifter was 330 r/min. Under these conditions, the spike loss rate was 2.01, the leakage loss rate was 2.19, and the error with the theoretical value was less than 3%, which proved the rationality of the optimized combination parameters. In the harvest of crooked and fallen sorghum, the grain lifter can effectively reduce the loss of sorghum head drop and lodging leakage, ensure the reliability of the cutting table, and achieve low loss and efficient harvest of sorghum.

Investigation of hard milling performance of 60Si2Mn steel under nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication environment

One of the promising solution to improve the hard machining performance is the application of Nanofluid Minimal Quantity Lubrication (NF MQL). The presence of nanoparticles not only improve the cooling lubrication of the based cutting oil but also create more lubricating mechanisms in the cutting zone. This paper aims to study effect of MQL using nano cutting oil on the hard milling process. The Box-Behnken experimental design was utilized to investigate the effects of input variables on the responses. The obtained results indicated that the concentration of nanoparticles, cutting speed and feed rate cause the strong influences on the surface roughness and cutting forces. Also, the appropriate ranges of input variable values can be determined for the required outputs. Moreover, the better cooling and lubricating effects were reported and the machinability of carbide inserts was improved by using Nanofluid Minimal Quantity Lubrication.

The Influence of Water Extraction Parameters in Subcritical Conditions and the Shape of the Reactor on the Quality of Extracts Obtained from Norway Maple (Acer platanoides L.)

The Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of subcritical water extraction parameters such as temperature, process duration, and extractor shape on the extract composition and antioxidant activity of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) bark extracts. Spectrophotometric (UV-Vis) techniques were employed to evaluate the total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC). The DPPH radical scavenging method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The yield of the process was evaluated through the utilization of response surface methodology (RSM). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, together with antioxidant activity, are highly dependent on water temperature. The influence of changes in the process duration and the shape of the pressure cell was not observed. A temperature increase from 110 °C to 170 °C caused a 8.9-fold increase in the polyphenol content, 7.2-fold increase in the flavonoid content, and 12.6-fold increase in the antioxidant activity. The highest values for polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity occurred at a temperature of 170 °C, which is the upper limit of the temperature variability range for these studies. This study demonstrates the importance of the appropriate selection of extraction parameters in order to obtain the desired chemical composition of the extract.

Modelling and optimization of bovine serum albumin adsorption on calcium bentonite using box-behnken experimental design method

The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize the process parameters for bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto calcium bentonite (CaB) using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. Calcium bentonite was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, zeta potential measurements, and Boehm titration methods. The BSA adsorption capacity of calcium bentonite was modelled with respect to pH (2.8, 4.8, and 6.8), temperature (25 °C, 32.5 °C, and 40 °C), and initial protein concentration (0.1–1.2 mg ml−1) using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. The Design Expert 13.0 software was used to optimize the process conditions and obtain three-dimensional response surface graphs. A regression model, which gives the relationship between the process parameters and BSA adsorption capacity, was obtained using Design Expert software. The developed model showed that the most effective parameter on adsorption was the initial protein concentration followed by pH and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained about 171 mg/g under optimal conditions (pH 4.8, 40 °C, and 1 mg ml−1 of initial BSA concentration). BSA adsorption onto CaB fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model. This study showed that process parameters for BSA adsorption can be effectively investigated and optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design method with a fewer number of experiments.

A pedagogical approach for the development and optimization of a novel mix of biowastes-derived hydroxyapatite using the Box-Behnken experimental design

The current study details the creation of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) using a combination of catfish and bovine bones (C&B). This is done to design the optimum processing parameters and consolidate instructional strategies to develop HAp scaffolds for biomedical engineering. The HAp produced from the novel mix of the biogenic materials (C&B) was through calcination and supported with the sol-gel technique, sintering, and low-cold compaction pressure. The ideal preparation conditions were identified with the aid of the Box-Behnken statistical design in response surface methodology. To understand the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the formulation, analytical studies on the synthesized HAp were carried out. To establish a substantial relation between the physicomechanical properties of the produced HAp scaffolds, three parameters— sintering temperature, compaction loads, and holding times were used. In the evaluation, the sintering temperature was found to have the greatest impact on the material's physicomechanical properties, with compressive strength (13 MPa), porosity (49.45 %), and elastic modulus (2.216 GPa) being the most enhanced properties in that order. The physicomechanical characteristics of the HAp scaffolds were at their optimal at 900 °C, 1 h 18 min of holding time, and 311.73 Pa of compaction pressure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that powders with a dominant HAp phase were produced at all runs, including the optimum run. Therefore, using a computationally effective methodology that is helpful for novelties in biomedical engineering education, this study demonstrates the optimal process for the synthesis of a novel matrix bone-derived HAp, showing the most significant relations liable for manufacturing medically suitable HAp scaffolds from the mixture of bovine and catfish bones.

Optimization of process parameters during flax and polypropylene composite manufacturing using Box-Behnken design of experiments

Composites produced from recyclable polymers are of greater scope in the industrial sector owing to their better quality, sustainability, and environmental considerations. In this study, flax fibre utilized as reinforcement and polypropylene fibre used as a matrix were used for producing thermoplastic composites. Flax/polypropylene needle punched non-woven was performed by a compression moulding process. Process parameters, temperature, time, and pressure were selected to optimize the flax/polypropylene (PP) production process using Box- Behnken Experimental Design (BBD) and response surface methodology. The effects of the process parameters on the material's tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strengths were studied. Furthermore, the research parameters were used to analyze of variance (ANOVA) and regression models for estimating the mechanical properties. Also, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses were performed on the composites to study the surface morphologies in composites. The findings revealed that temperature was the ultimate cause influencing the mechanical properties, followed by pressure and time. Surface morphologies confirm the better bonding between the flax fibres and PP matrix. This work shall effectively choose the ideal values of process parameters for producing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites.

Optimising the Production Process of Bacterial Nanocellulose: Impact on Growth and Bioactive Compounds.

Research into bacterial cellulose production has been growing rapidly in recent years, as it has a potential use in various applications, such as in the medical and food industries. Previous studies have focused on optimising the production process through various methods, such as using different carbon sources and manipulating environmental conditions. However, further research is still needed to optimise the production process and understand the underlying mechanisms of bacterial cellulose synthesis. We used Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs to analyse the effect of different factors on bacterial cellulose production. The fermentation kinetics of the optimised medium was analysed, and the produced cellulose was characterised. This approach was used because it allows the identification of significant factors influencing bacterial cellulose growth, the optimisation of the culture medium and the characterisation of the produced cellulose. The results showed that higher sucrose concentrations, higher kombucha volume fractions and a smaller size of the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast were the most important factors for the improvement of bacterial cellulose production, while the other factors had no relevant influence. The optimised medium showed an increase in the concentrations of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids as well as significant antioxidant activity. The produced pure bacterial cellulose had a high water absorption capacity as well as high crystallinity and thermal stability. The study makes an important scientific contribution by optimising the culture medium to produce bacterial cellulose more productively and efficiently. The optimised medium can be used for the production of a kombucha-like beverage with a high content of bioactive compounds and for the production of bacterial cellulose with high crystallinity and thermal stability. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of bacterial cellulose as a highly water-absorbent material with applications in areas such as packaging and biomedical engineering.

Optimization of the Green Fibre Paper Film Preparation Process Based on Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology

To improve the utilization rate of flax straw and the clean treatment of livestock manure, an experimental study was conducted on the process and performance of making fibre paper films by mixing cow dung and flax straw fibre. Cow dung and flax straw were used as the main raw materials, and functional additives were not added. The whole technological process of the pretreatment, the beating process, the determination of the beating degree, the basis weight of the paper, papermaking, drying, sample cutting, and the determination and analysis of the related mechanical properties of the film-making materials were studied. In this study, the Box–Behnken experimental design principle in the response surface methodology was adopted, and the effect of each factor on the tensile strength and tear strength of fibre paper film made of mixed fibres was determined using the combined experimental design comprising four factors and three levels centres. The results showed that the optimum technological parameters were as follows: the beating degree of the cow dung fibre was 37 °SR, the beating degree of the flax straw fibre was 85 °SR, the paper basis weight was 80 g/m2, and the addition of flax straw fibre was 65%. At a drying temperature of 80 °C and a drying time of 8 min, under the conditions of the hybrid fibre paper film placed in the laboratory environment (humidity of 30%~40%, temperature of 18 °C) for 24 h, the measured tensile strength was about 8.26 MPa, and the tear strength was about 19.91 N/mm. This study provides a reference that can be used for the further study of fibre paper film.

Optimization of laser beam parameters during processing of ASA 3D-printed plates

AbstractNew developments in manufacturing processes impose the need for experimental studies concerning the determination of beneficial process-related parameter settings and optimization of objectives related to quality and efficiency. This work aims to improve cutting geometry, surface texture, and arithmetic surface roughness average in the case of post-processing of filament material extrusion 3D-printed acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) thin plates by a low-power CO2 laser cutting apparatus. This material was selected owing to its unique properties for thin-walled customized constructions. Three parameters, namely focal distance, plate thickness, and cutting speed, were examined with reference to the Box-Behnken design of experiments (BBD) and regression modeling. Four responses were considered: mean kerf width, Wm (mm); down width, Wd (mm); upper width, Wu (mm); and average surface roughness Ra (μm) of cut surfaces. Different regression models were tested for their efficiency in terms of predicting the objectives with an emphasis on full quadratic regression. The results showed that a focal distance of 6.5 mm and 16 mm/s speed optimizes all quality metrics for the three plate thicknesses. The regression models achieved adequate correlation among independent process-related parameters and optimization objectives, proving that they can be used to improve the laser cutting process and support practical applications.

Enhanced transdermal delivery of apremilast loaded ethosomes: Optimization, characterization and in vivo evaluation

The low aqueous solubility and permeability of apremilast restricted its clinical efficiency in oral therapy for psoriasis arthritis. This research aimed to develop nanosized lipid carrier with high payload and can provide greater transdermal flux in an attempt to enhance the clinical efficiency of apremilast. Apremilast loaded ethosomes were efficiently formulated by a single-step injection technique. A 33 statistical Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to identify the optimum desirability of ethosomes by assessing the effect of three formulation components (soy lecithin, ethanol and apremilast) on responses such as vesicle size, drug entrapment and transdermal flux. The optimized ethosomes were formulated into a gel and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo characteristics including drug release, permeation and pharmacokinetics in rats. The optimization results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.05) of all three formulation variables on the responses evaluated. Optimized ethosomes exhibited spherical shape, nano-size with good payload and greater transdermal flux. The developed ethosomal gel had good physicochemical and rheological properties suitable for topical application and exhibited prolonged drug release by Weibull diffusion. A short lag time and higher transdermal flux (∼4 folds higher than control, p < 0.0001) noticed with ethosomes indicates rapid and greater diffusion through the skin barriers. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated the potential of ethosomes in the transdermal therapy of apremilast as evidenced by the extent of absorption (AUC0-24, p < 0.0001) when compared with the oral counterpart. In nutshell, the data presented here establish the practical feasibility of ethosomal transdermal delivery and can be an alternative option for oral therapy in treating psoriasis arthritis.

Statistical optimization of the yield of the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid catalyzed by laccase from Trametes versicolor

Lignocellulosic residues are an interesting alternative to produce furans as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be oxidized to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). According to the latter, this research aims to optimize the oxidation yield of HMF to FDCA catalyzed by a Trametes versicolor laccase using TEMPO as a mediator. For yield optimization, a Box–Behnken experimental design was developed with three factors and three levels. The model achieved 90 % fit (R2) with a maximum yield of 100 % FDCA, using 30 mM HMF, 55 mM 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), and 6 mg laccase. The oxidation kinetics (at 30 and 100 mM HMF) evidenced the presence of the intermediate compound 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), being higher when working at a higher concentration of substrate (100 mM HMF). Optimizing the operational conditions resulted in a notable improvement, boosting the yield of FDCA by approximately 10 % compared to the initial experimentation. Finally, the values of the variables predicted by the program were validated experimentally, reaching 100 % performance.

Fast-kinetics adsorption of a binary solution containing cationic and ionic pollutants using high-surface area activated carbon derived from macadamia nutshell

AbstractWastewater is characterized by multipollutant, and the presence of competitive adsorption could affect removal efficiency. Hence, the decontamination of water by adsorption in a multicomponent system allows an understanding of the practically and adsorbent efficiency. In this study, we present an analysis of the adsorption phenomena in a binary solution comprising compounds from distinct families, a dye, and an antibiotic, utilizing activated carbon obtained through a sustainable procedure. Locally available agricultural biowaste, specifically macadamia nutshell (MNS), served as a sustainable precursor to produce hierarchical porous activated carbon. The activation conditions were fine-tuned using the Box–Behnken experimental design. The resultant activated carbon was employed to remove a binary solution (BS) comprising the cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) and an ionic molecule amoxicillin (AMX) under specified conditions, including a pH range of 2 to 12, an initial concentration of BS ranging from 50 to 800 mg/L, and an adsorbent dosage within the range of 0.1 g to 0.3 g in a single adsorption system. The results revealed that higher temperatures adversely impacted the carbon yield, with a pronounced interaction effect observed between temperature and time. The activation temperature and K2CO3:precursor molar ratio predominantly influenced the textural and morphological properties of the activated carbon. Under optimal conditions (900 °C, 1 h, and a K2CO3:precursor ratio of 2:1), remarkably high-surface area (1225 m2/g), pore volume (0.801 cm3/g), and a nanopore size of 0.406 nm were achieved. In binary adsorption studies, R2-MNS demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 578.925 mg/g. A pH above 4.5 produced an antagonistic effect on the removal of AMX due to competitive adsorption. Evaluation of three isotherm models demonstrated that the Khan isotherm best describes the affinity of BS to R2-MNS. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the data, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The interparticle diffusion test revealed that the adsorbent exhibited very fast adsorption behaviour at the initial stage. Graphical abstract

Antimicrobial activity, mechanical and thermal properties of cassava starch films incorporated with beeswax and propolis

Edible films can be formed from different polymeric compounds. The use of starch has gained extra value; because it can be used in combination with plasticizers and lipids, helping to improve mechanical properties. Besides, with the addition of an antimicrobial, the function of these films can be extended. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of native cassava starch, beeswax and ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) on the mechanical, thermal and inhibitory properties against the Aspergillus niger fungus. An experimental Box-Behnken design with three factors: cassava starch concentration (2–4%w/v), beeswax (0.5–0.9%w/w) and EPE (1–4%v/w) was used. The films obtained were opaque and with low mechanical properties. EPE concentration affected tensile strength, elongation at break (EB) and Young’s modulus (YM), and cassava starch content only affected EB and YM. In thermal properties, the weight loss was affected by the cassava starch-beeswax interaction, where the most loss occurred at high levels of these factors in the temperature range of 200–360 °C. The films reduced the growth of the Aspergillus niger by 51%, where the beeswax-EPE interaction had a significant positive effect. The characteristics of the developed films suggest that they would be more acceptable as fruit and vegetable coatings.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from "Cẩm" Purple Rice Bran for Modulation of Starch Digestion.

Purple rice, locally known as "Cẩm" rice, is cultivated in the southern region of Vietnam. The bran of "Cẩm" rice is often disregarded and underutilized; nevertheless, it harbours substantial nutritive value, particularly in terms of antioxidant compounds. Additionally, sonication, an emerging and "green" technological approach, has been employed to augment the extraction efficiency of these antioxidants. This research is aimed at optimizing and maximizing the antioxidant recovery capacity including phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, along with their antioxidant activities, through the assistance of ultrasound waves. The effect of the extract on the starch digestion process was also investigated. The study employed the Box-Behnken experimental design, encompassing three variables: extraction time (20-40 minutes), temperature (60-80°C), and solvent-to-material ratio (8 : 1 to 12 : 1). Analysis was conducted on total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. Results demonstrated that the peak yield of antioxidant compounds and their corresponding activities were attained at an extraction duration of 29.38 minutes, a temperature of 69°C, and a solvent-to-material ratio of 9.92. Under these optimal conditions, the yields were as follows: total phenolic compounds at 60.821 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid compounds at 3.2696 mg QE/g, percentage inhibition of DPPH at 74.778%, and FRAP value at 54.112 μmol Fe (II)/g. The established models were validated and exhibited a strong alignment between predicted and actual values, with disparities of less than 3% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the extract was codigested with cooked corn starch, revealing a dose-dependent effect on starch digestibility. The sluggishness of digestion rate was observed when 20 mg of the extract was supplemented to 200 mg of cooked corn starch. This suggests that rice bran extract holds promise as an effective ingredient for mitigating starch digestion, particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with diabetes.

Optimization of ultrasonic welding parameters for better seam performance

PurposeUltrasonic welding is an emerging apparel manufacturing technique. However, the applications are widely explored in the field of technical textiles, with less exploration in the apparel endues. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of ultrasonic welding in apparel by analyzing the impacts of different parameters.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzed the influence of ultrasonic welding parameters, including pressure, welding speed and ultrasonic power on the seam performances (seam strength, seam bursting strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness). The parameters are optimized using Box–Behnken experimental design to achieve better seam performances.FindingsThe properties of ultrasonic seams are influenced by welding and fabric properties. Ultrasonically welded seams showed better performances in the case of comfort properties of seams, whereas the functional properties are lesser compared to conventional seams.Originality/valueThe findings of the research clearly outline the level of influence of different parameters on the performance of the ultrasonically welded seams in knitted fabrics, which can greatly help in applying ultrasonic welding manufacturing methods in apparel manufacturing.