Box-Behken Design Research Articles

Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of linseed oil: optimization using response surface methodology.

Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of linseed oil was investigated. Four commercially available microbial lipases of Lipase AY, Lipozyme RMIM, Lipozyme TLIM, and Novozym 435 were used. Among these tested lipases, Lipase AY exhibited the best hydrolysis effeciency to linseed oil. The effect of reaction variables was also evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology. A second-order regression for the Box-Behken design was used to study the effect of five independent variables, such as, temperature, pH, oil-aqueous phase ratio, enzyme load, and reaction time, on the hydrolysis of linseed oil. The optimal conditions were as follows: temperature 33°C, pH 5.80, oil-aqueous phase ratio 0.90 (w/w), enzyme load 1.20% (relative to the weight of total substrates), and reaction time 3.33 h. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis ratio of linseed oil was 93.92±0.54%.

Augmentation of definitive screening designs (DSD+)

Run efficient second order designs suitable for both factor screening and the fitting of a second-order response model are of interest in complex system characterisation efforts particularly when those efforts encounter budgetary constraints limiting their test programme. Leading designs are the smaller sized definitive screening design and the larger sized design, fractional Box-Behken design. When specific domain knowledge of system factor interactions is available, either a priori or a posteriori , that domain knowledge can be exploited to generate the definitive screening design plus. This paper describes how to generate the single DSD+, how to augment a DSD to arrive at the DSD+ and compares the performance of the two designs under a variety of effect sparsity, effect heredity and model noise conditions. The DSD+, with its extra k – 1 runs for k factors is shown to greatly improve the screen and model fitting capabilities of the DSD.

Optimization of Reducing Sugar Production from Acid Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse by Box Behnken Design

Sugarcane bagasse is a low-cost and abundant of bio-resources in sugar mill industry. The cellulose of bagasse can be converted into reducing sugar that has been applied in food and biological process. Statistically based Box-Behken Design (BBD) was selected for the optimization of reducing sugar production from acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Concentration of H2SO4, hydrolysis time, and the ratio of raw material to solvent were identified for significant effects on reducing sugar production. Response surface method by BBD was employed to develop a mathematical model for predicting the optimal condition of acid hydrolysis process. The value of R 2 (0.981) for the presented mathematical model indicates the high correlation between experimental and predicted values. The optimization of concentration of H2SO4, hydrolysis time, and ratio of raw material to solvent are 27.697 %w/v, 160 min, and 1:29.827 g/ml respectively, which under this condition, it could produced 14.808% of reducing sugar from sugarcane bagasse. 

Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of cassava starch grafted polyDADMAC synthesis for cationic properties

AbstractResponse surface methodology was used to study the process optimization of cationic percentage through grafting diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) into cassava starch. Based on Box–Behken design, quadratic models were developed to correlate the synthesis variables: concentration of DADMAC (A), concentration of initiator (B), and polymerization temperature (C), to the responses of cationic percentage (y). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentration of initiator was the most significant variable for the response. The optimum preparation conditions for starch grafted polyDADMAC were 14% cationic using 31 g DADMAC/10 g dry starch of concentration DADMAC, a polymerization temperature of 74°C, and 4.92 g cerric ammonium nitrate/10 mL of initiator concentration.

Tannase Production by Penicillium purpurogenum PAF6 in Solid State Fermentation of Tannin-Rich Plant Residues Following OVAT and RSM

Tannase production by newly isolated Penicillium purpurogenum PAF6 was investigated by 'one variable at a time' (OVAT) approach followed by response surface methodology (RSM). Tannin-rich plant residues were used as supporting solid substrate and sole carbon source and, among them, tamarind seed was found to be the most favorable substrate than haritaki, pomegranate, tea leaf waste and arjun fruit. Physicochemical parameters were initially optimized using OVAT methodology and some important factors like incubation time, incubation temperature, substrate:moisture ratio as well as carbon, nitrogen and phosphate concentrations were verified with Box-Behken design of response surface methodology. Phosphate source, nitrogen source and temperature were found as the most favorable variables in the maximization of production. Tannase production was enhanced from 1.536 U/g to 5.784 U/g using tamarind seed OVAT optimization and further enhancement up to 6.15 U/g following RSM. An overall 3.76- and 4.0-fold increases in tannase production were achieved in OVAT and RSM, respectively.

β-d-Glucosidase-Catalyzed Deglucosidation of Phenylpropanoid Amides of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Glucoside in Safflower Seed Extracts Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

Beta-D-glucosidase-catalyzed deglucosidation of phenylpropanoid amides of 5-hydroxytryptamine (PAHAs) glucoside in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extracts, including N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin glucoside (CSG) and N-feruloylserotonin glucoside (FSG), was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of independent variables on the deglucosidation rates of CSG and FSG. The variables involved were pH (5.6-6.2), temperature (45-55 degrees C), and enzyme load (2.0-3.0%, relative to the weight of the total substrate). The substrate concentration was fixed at 3.3 g/L on the basis of factorial experiments. The optimum conditions obtained via RSM at a fixed time of 2 h were as follows: pH, 5.9; temperature, 48 degrees C; and enzyme load, 3.0%. Under these conditions, the actual deglucosidation rates of CSG and FSG were 75.5 and 42.2%, respectively, which agree well with the predicted values (75.3 and 41.9%) by RSM. The final incubation time (10 h) was determined by the time course of the deglucosidation under the above-mentioned optimum conditions, which gave the deglucosidation rates of both CSG and FSG above 90%. Simultaneously, 2-hydroxyarctiin, a typical cathartic beta-glucoside, was also removed by 80.3%.