Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis Research Articles

Evaluating the Efficiency of Various Treatment Methods in Cattle Cutaneous Papillomatosis.

In this study, we compared the effectiveness of various methods used in the treatment of cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis. Ivermectin, Tarantula cubensis extract, levamisole, autovaccine, and a combination of T. cubensis extract + levamisole were administered to the animals. The animals were divided into six equal groups. Animals in the control group (n = 10) did not receive any treatment. The animals in the experimental group were administered Ivermectin [three times a week, n = 10, subcutaneous, (SC)], Tarantula cubensis extract (twice a week, n = 10, SC), autologous vaccine (three times at 10-day intervals, n = 10, SC), levamisole [twice at one-week intervals, n = 10, intramuscular (IM)], and levamisole + Tarantula cubensis extract (concurrently). All animals used in the study were monitored for three months at an interval of 15 days. No regression was detected in the papillomas of the control group animals, but recovery was recorded in animals treated with ivermectin at a rate of 70% (7/10), while it was 60% (6/10) in those treated with T. cubensis extract, 100% (10/10) in those treated with autovaccine, 50% (5/10) in those treated with levamisole, and 90% (9/10) in those treated with the combination of T. cubensis extract + levamisole. Significant differences were found between the control group and all treatment groups. Recovery mostly occurred within 45-60 days (P < 0.05). The five treatment modalities applied for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis were statistically evaluated and all methods of treatment were effective at different rates. The most precise and effective treatment method was the autovaccine one.

Clinical management of cutaneous bovine papillomatosis in a cow calf: a case report

A Sahiwal breed heifer calf of ~ 5-month age was presented with numerous warts of varying sizes principally on head, face and neck. The history and clinical examination were suggestive of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. The animal was treated medically with an alternative medicine: Thuja occidentalis 30X. The warts regressed completely after two months of treatment with Thuja occidentalis, suggesting this medicine can be used to treat warts in bovines successfully.

Comparison of azithromycin and a combination of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain proteolytic enzymes for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis

Although various methods have been used in the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis (BCP), no definite treatment has yet been established. There are no studies regarding the efficacy of azithromycin (AZ) and of any combination of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain proteolytic enzymes (PEC) in the treatment of BCP. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of AZ and PEC in the treatment of BCP. A total of 24 female Holstein cattle of 6-17 months of age with spontaneous BCP were used for this study. In addition to the clinical findings, the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathological examinations. The animals were divided at random into three groups (n = 8). The AZ group received 10 mg/kg/day PO for 10 days. In the PEC group, an injectable suspension of proteolytic enzymes was applied IM at 0.4 mL/10 kg dose, 3 times with 8-10 days interval and the spray was used topically once a day for 10 days. The control group (CO) was not treated. The mean in papilloma warts decreased 92.4 % in the AZ group, 83.38 % in the PEC group, and 59.48 % in the CO. There were statistically significant differences in warts presence decreases between the three groups (P &lt; 0.05). Both AZ and PEC were considered successful for the BCP treatment. However, AZ was found more effective than PEC.

Regression of bovine cutaneous papillomas via ivermectin-induced immunostimulant and oxidative stress.

Objective:Ivermectin (IVM) could be used effectively to treat bovine cutaneous papillomatosis, a widespread viral skin disease that causes major economic losses in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the regression of bovine cutaneous papillomas induced by IVM by estimating oxidative stress markers, besides clinicopathological and hematological findings.Materials and Methods:Twenty naturally infected animals with cutaneous papillomatosis were chosen randomly and diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. All the infected animals were divided into groups: Group I (n = 10), which received no treatment and was considered the control group. In Group II (n = 10), the animals were subcutaneously injected at 0.2 mg/kg of IVM 2 weeks apart during the 90-day experimental period. Papilloma regression was tracked clinically, papilloma biopsies were taken for histopathological analysis, and blood samples were taken for hematological and oxidative parameter testing.Results:From the 15th to 45th day after receiving IVM, papillomas began to fade. Necrotic areas, ulcerations, and lymphocytic infiltration were found in the histopathological studies, besides a decrease in papilloma epidermal proliferation. total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, total leucocytes count, and lymphocytes values were increased significantly, and a large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced was identified as signs of IVM-induced oxidative stress.Conclusion:IVM has oxidative and immunostimulatory properties, and it can be used against cutaneous papillomatosis.

An Efficacy of Treatment Methodologies of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis Using Combined Therapy: A Case Report

Introduction: Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is a chronic contagious proliferative disease of cattle which is characterized by warts or papilloma that occur mostly in cutaneous form and less frequently in mucosal form as exophytic papilloma.&#x0D; Aims: The aim of the present study was to see the effect of combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of bovine cutaneous Papillomatosis in animals.&#x0D; Presentation of Case: A case of bovine papillomatosis in a cow and its treatment with the autogenous vaccine, Auto-hemotherapy, Homeopathic and Allopathic medicines is presented. A four to five years old female Holstein Friesian cross bred cow was presented with signs of various sizes of cauliflower growth and pedunculated cutaneous warts on neck, shoulder and teat having pain, bleeding and interference in milking. On the basis of history and clinical signs it was diagnosed as bovine papillomatosis. The vaccine was prepared from sample collected from older wart growths under aseptic conditions, minced, suspended in normal saline, filtered through muslin cloth and treated with formalin. The animal was treated with a dose of 5 ml subcutaneously and revaccinated at 7 day intervals for four weeks. The animal was also treated with its own blood and repeated once in a week. The animal was treated with homeopathic medicine Thuja-mother tincture and Thuja 200X and allopathic medicine Levamisol at dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day on days 1,3,5,7,9 and 16 by per oral route, single shot of Ivermectin (S/C) @ 200µg/kg body wt . The animal was recovered completely in six weeks.&#x0D; Discussion and Conclusion: Since the single treatment strategy is not so effective and recovery is very poor and recurrence is possible. On the basis of our study it is concluded that the combined therapy is suggested for an effective treatment of Bovine cutaneous Papillomatosis.

Therapeutic effectiveness of Ocimum basilicum extract on bovine cutaneous papillomatosis

Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis is a common cutaneous disease of cattle in the Egyptian veterinary field. Ocimum basilicum L. (Rehan) is one of the aromatic plants originating in Asia and Africa. Many studies showed that Ocimum basilicum has interesting antiviral and anticancer activities. However, there is no report demonstrating the clinical significance of the anti-papilloma activity of Ocimum basilicum against bovine skin papillomas. Thus, our study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum extract (OBEx) as an anti-papilloma agent against bovine papillomatosis. OBEx was prepared and undergone phytochemical analysis that revealed presence of alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Ten cutaneous papillomatosis-infected cattle were diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. Animals were treated with OBEx 2% ointment that topically applied daily and papillomas regression was recorded weekly. Clinically, papillomas started to disappear from the 7th - 21th day after the start of treatment. Histopathological analysis showed improvement in histological features of wart tissue returning to the normal skin structure with presence of lymphocytic infiltration. We concluded that the topical application of OBEx is an effective, promising alternative, cheap, and easily apply agent for treatment of skin papilloma.

Application of Autogenous Vaccine for the Treatment of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis Type 2 in Malaysia

Application of Autogenous Vaccine for the Treatment of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis Type 2 in Malaysia

Frecuencia de papilomatosis en bovinos (Bos taurus) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de pailomatosis cutánea que ocurren en bovinos (Bos taurus) en el Departamento de Córdoba. De los casos dermatológicos atendidos en ese periodo (1184), 117 (9,9%) fueron casos clínicos de papilomatosis cutánea en bovinos de diferentes explotaciones ganaderas del Departamento. El 42,7% (50/117) fueron machos y el 57,3% (67/117) fueron hembras. El grupo etario más afectado fue el de 12 a 24 meses con mayor número de casos (74/117 (63,2%)), seguido de los menores de 12 meses (22/117 (18,8%)) y los mayores de 24 meses (21/117 (17,9%)). Con respecto a la ubicación de lesiones, la ubicación más común en orden descendente fue a nivel de cuerpo (69/117 (59,0%)), Cabeza (23/117 (19,6%)), extremidades (14/117 (12,0%)) y genitales (11/117 (9,4%)) respectivemente. No fueron observadas diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de papilomatosis (p&gt;0,05) con respecto a la edad, sexo y ubicación de las lesiones en los animales del estudio. Se puede concluir que la papilomatosis cutánea bovina es una de las principales causas de consulta clínica de atención en bovinos del departamento de Córdoba.

Clinical, Histopathological and Molecular detection of cutaneous papillomatosis associated with bovine papillomavirus types 1and 2 in cattle from Al-Qadissiyia Province

This study was designed to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of cattle warts disease in Al-Qadissiyia goverment. Fourteen samples from skin lesions were collected from cattle that were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma by clinical examination. All samples were examined for the presence of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis and confirmed histopathologically and by molecular detection by (PCR) for BPV-1 and BPV-2 as causative agents for the bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.. The results of this study showed that lesions were mostly located on the head and neck, perineal region, under the chin and around eyes. The histopathological changes of cauliflower-like growths of varying size (1-4 cm3) revealed various degrees of hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in all samples .The results of multiplex PCR for genotyping (BPV-1 and BPV-2) by using specific primers for L-major capsid protein revealed that eleven out of fourteen tissue samples were positive results for (BPV-1-L1 gene) and all the samples were negative result for (BPV-2-L2 gene) .On conclusion the bovine papillomatosis Who was diagnosed in Al-Qadissiyia Province is caused by bovine papillomavirus types 1 (BPV-1-L1 gene) and has atypical characteristic clinical singes which make it easily to distinguish from other skin disease .

IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS WITH HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS

This investigation was carried out to determine the effects of thuza and antim crud (Homeopathic preparations) on bovine cutaneous papillomatosis/wart. Nine calves of one to two and a half years age and of both sexes affected with cutaneous papillomatosis were randomly divided into three equal groups (group I, group II and group III) for this experiment from March 2002 to February 2003. Each calf of group I was first administered with 15 globules sulphur with a potency of 200-power once orally. This was followed after 7 days with 50M (M = 1000-power) thuza at the dose rate of 10 globules twice daily orally for a period of three weeks. The calves of group II were administered with sulphur and antim crud at the same dose, potency, route and duration, respectively and the calves of group III were kept as untreated control. Papilloma tissues were collected prior to treatment and at the sixth week of treatment and they were subjected to histopathological examination. Thuza and antim crud with concurrent use of sulphur were found effective in curing bovine cutaneous papillomatosis with a rate of 66.66% (4/6). Little or no reduction in size of the papillomas was observed within the first two weeks of treatment in both the treated groups (group I and group II). Thereafter, miniature size sessile and pedunculated papillomas started drying with the gradual reduction in size that fell leaving hairless areas at the end of fourth week. By the eighth week there was complete cure of papillomas. One calf of each treated groups (group I and group II) affected with large papillomas (5 X 7 cm) were not completely cured. Microscopic examination of regressive papillomas at sixth week of treatment showed cellular necrosis. Growth recurrence was not observed within one month of recovery. In the untreated control group (group III), the number and size of papillomas increased. Therefore, this line of treatment may be practiced for the treatment of bovine papillomatosis.

Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis

Bovine papillomavirusun neden olduğu deri papillomatozisi ülkemizde sığırların yaygın bir deri hastalığıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı doğal olarak oluşmuş sığır deri papillomatozisinde klinik, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal bulguların değerlendirilmesidir. 5 ile 24 ay arasında değişen 82 adet Holstein sığıra (% 9,5) klinik olarak deri papillomu tanısı konuldu. Papilloma ve papillomatozisin erkek ve dişi hayvanlar arasında görülme yüzde oranı sırasıyla %7,3 ve %14,8 olarak belirlendi. Çeşitli boyutlarda (0,5–11 cm) karnabahar görünümündeki üremelerin çoğunlukla baş bölgesinde (%63,2) yerleşim gösterdiği belirlendi. Tümörlerde mikroskobik olarak değişen derecelerde akantozis ve hiperkeratoz saptandı. İmmunohistokimyasal boyamalarda epidermisin bazal katmanında ve bağ dokuda PCNA ve Ki-67 pozitif reaksiyonlar tespit edildi. Bovine papillomavirus antijenleri bazal katmanda belirlendi. Sonuç olarak BPV-1, PCNA ve Ki-67 primer antikorlarının sığır deri papillomunun tanısında önemli markırlar olduğuna karar verildi

İvermektin’in Sığır Deri Papillomatozisinde Tedavi Etkinliği

Summary In the present study the effectiveness of long action ivermectin on the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis was evaluated. Twenty-four cattle with different ages (7-36 months of age), breed and sex with cutaneous papillomatosis were placed into two groups. Long action ivermectin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously as a single dose to the animals in Group I (experimental group; n=16). Group II (n=8) served as a control group and received no treatment. Animals were monitored at 15 days intervals up to 90 days. In Group II, 14 of 16 animals (87.5%) showed complete recovery within three months of observation period. No remission was observed in the control group. In conclusion ivermectin, as single long action dose application, is effective for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.

DESCRIÇÃO CLÍNICA E HISTOPATOLÓGICA DA PAPILOMATOSE CUTÂNEA BOVINA (BPV)

Bovine papillomatosis is a frequent cosmopolitan infect-contagious disease, mainly in dairy bovines. This work had as objective to describe the macroscopic and histopathological aspect of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis (BPV). Were used nuliparous, primiparous and multiparous females of Holstein Friesian crossbreed showing different types of cutaneous papillomas (typical, atypical, filamentous and mixed) and of degrees defined for this study: light (25% of the body affected), moderate (50% of the body affected) and intense (more than 50% of the body affected). For histopathological evaluation, the animals were submitted to cutaneous biopsy of the cutaneous lesions. Macroscopically, the papillomas presented color, aspect and form well defined. The papillomas were most present in the lateral abdomen, dewlap and snout, showing mixing injuries, followed for basal. In the histopathological analysis there were observed epithelial and conjunctive hyperplasic alterations with extensive vegetative growth of the epithelium, with wide and deep epidermal crest, these results characterize phase of development with viral replication and synthesis, being a characteristic finding of papillomatosis. It can be concluded that dairy bovine cutaneous papillomatosis presents predilection for specific areas, with papillomas of distinct forms and aspects. KEY WORDS: Bovine papillomatosis, macroscopic and histopathological aspects.

Can established cultured papilloma cells harbor bovine papillomavirus?

Papillomaviruses have been reported to be very difficult to grow in cell culture. Also, there are no descriptions of cell cultures from lesions of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis, with identification of different bovine papilloma virus (BPV) DNA sequences. In the present report, we describe primary cell cultures from samples of cutaneous lesions (warts). We investigated the simultaneous presence of different BPV DNA sequences, comparing the original lesion to different passages of the cell cultures and to peripheral blood. BPV 1, 2 and 4 DNA sequences were found in lesion samples, and respective cell cultures and peripheral blood, supporting our previous hypothesis of the possible activity of these sequences in different samples and now also showing how they can be maintained in different passages of cell cultures.

Ivermectin is an effective treatment for bovine cutaneous papillomatosis

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin on the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Twenty-four Holstein calves between 9 and 17 months of age with cutaneous papillomatosis were placed into three groups with six in group I, and nine in groups II and III. Group I served as a control group and received no treatment. Ivermectin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously as a single dose to the animals in Group II and twice with 15 days intervals to animals in Group III. The first ivermectin application was considered as the 0th day Animals were monitored at 15 days intervals up to 3 months. No remission was observed in the control group (Group I). In Group II eight out of nine animals (88.8%) and in Group III seven out of nine animals (77.7%) showed complete recovery within 3 month observation period. It was concluded that ivermectin, as either single or double dose applications, is effective as a treatment for cutaneous papillomatosis.

Efecto del etilenodinitrilo tetracetato de calcio y cobre y del lactobionato de cobre parenteral en el tratamiento de la papilomatosis cutánea bovina

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of parenteral copper compounds on different clinical presentations of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis in 50 crossbred (Zebu x European) dairy type female cattle of different ages. Animals were distributed among five 10-animal groups (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV). GI and GIII were affected by the pediculated clinical presentation, GII and GIV had the flat presentation, and GV included five animals with the pediculated form and five animals with flat lesions. Animals in GI and GII were treated subcutaneously with 200 mg calcium/copper ethylenedinitrile tetraacetate, and animals in GIII and GIV received 287.4 mg of an organic copper combination (mostly copper lactobionate). Control group GV was treated with 10 ml saline. Calcium/copper ethylenedinitrile tetraacetate was more efficacious (P<0.05) than copper lactobionate since 9 cows (45 %) vs only 5 % were cured respectively. Cure rate was higher (P<0.05) among animals with the pediculated form (36 %) than those with the flat form (8 %). Cattle younger than 12 mo of age showed the best (P<0.05) response to treatment with a 45 % cure rate, as compared with 6.7 % among the 13-36 mo and 6.7 % among the 37-72 mo old brackets.

Epithelial and Fibroblastic Proliferation in Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis

The pathogenesis of the experimental bovine papilloma was investigated by the serial biopsy technique on lesions produced by epidermal scarification or intradermal injection using two strains of BPV. The purpose was to determine the time and sequence of stimulation of the epithelial cells and connective tissue. Following a morphological dormant phase, the first reaction was a fibroblastic proliferation. In papillomas developing from epidermal scarification, this was not marked and was followed by epidermal hyperplasia which progressed to the mature papilloma Fibroplasia in lesions produced by intrademal injection was always greater. Eight to ten % of the developing fibromas had a whorled histologic pattern. The percentage of sites inoculated showing fibroblastic change, although subtle, was high while the percentage going on to epithelial change was often much less, especially when inoculated by the intradermal route. The Feulgen technique did not reveal intranuclear or cytoplasmic bodies of any kind.