Abstract
Objective:Ivermectin (IVM) could be used effectively to treat bovine cutaneous papillomatosis, a widespread viral skin disease that causes major economic losses in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the regression of bovine cutaneous papillomas induced by IVM by estimating oxidative stress markers, besides clinicopathological and hematological findings.Materials and Methods:Twenty naturally infected animals with cutaneous papillomatosis were chosen randomly and diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. All the infected animals were divided into groups: Group I (n = 10), which received no treatment and was considered the control group. In Group II (n = 10), the animals were subcutaneously injected at 0.2 mg/kg of IVM 2 weeks apart during the 90-day experimental period. Papilloma regression was tracked clinically, papilloma biopsies were taken for histopathological analysis, and blood samples were taken for hematological and oxidative parameter testing.Results:From the 15th to 45th day after receiving IVM, papillomas began to fade. Necrotic areas, ulcerations, and lymphocytic infiltration were found in the histopathological studies, besides a decrease in papilloma epidermal proliferation. total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, total leucocytes count, and lymphocytes values were increased significantly, and a large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced was identified as signs of IVM-induced oxidative stress.Conclusion:IVM has oxidative and immunostimulatory properties, and it can be used against cutaneous papillomatosis.
Highlights
Ivermectin (IVM) is one member of the class of macrocyclic lactones that has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine as a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug
Ulcerations, and lymphocytic infiltration were found in the histopathological studies, besides a decrease in papilloma epidermal proliferation. total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, total leucocytes count, and lymphocytes values were increased significantly, and a large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced was identified as signs of IVM-induced oxidative stress
Besides the clinicopathological and hematological evaluations [7,8], this study aimed to explore the correlation of IVM-induced oxidative stress and cutaneous bovine papillomas regression through the estimation of oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [9]
Summary
Ivermectin (IVM) is one member of the class of macrocyclic lactones that has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine as a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug. Some researchers used IVM for new medical applications as an antiviral and anticancer agent [1,2]. Many studies have recorded the therapeutic impact of IVM against bovine papillomatosis (BP) [3,4,5], focusing only on the clinical evaluation of the IVM effect through papillomas’ regression monitoring. Skin diseases are considered one of the most common causes of animal owners taking their animals to the veterinarian. To the best of our knowledge, there is no proof of IVMs anti-papilloma activity based on in vitro studies.
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