Boushehr Province Research Articles

Estimation cost of occupational accidents by SACA method: A case study in one of the South Pars Gas Refinery

Introduction: Occupational accidents impose a lot of direct and indirect costs on the national economy of the country. Because, as a fact, resources are limited for reducing the risks and costs can affect the optimal investment in safety issues. the aim of this study was to calculate the economic costs of occupational accidents in one of the South Pars Gas Refinery, Assalouyeh, Boushehr Province.
 Materials and Methods: The present research was a descriptive-analytic study, and the costs from 92 occupational accidents occurred in the South Pars Gas Refinery during the period of 2017 and 2018 was estimated. Estimation of these costs contributes to decision-making for cost control. The systematic accident cost analysis (SACA) method, was used to calculate the costs and information in the forms of each incident the total costwas calculated based on the type of incident after the analysis of the cost of the incident. Excel, SPSS version 17 Kolmogorov-Smironov and Chi-square tests were used for data manipulations and statistical analysis.
 Results: The Most working days were lost in the Gas Refinery (12613 days). The evaluations of accident cost showed that 2/3 of the costs of occupational accidents are visible in the corporate accounting information systems reviewed while 1/3 was hidden from management view. As can be seen, the costs due to the absence of the injured employee were the largest cost category with an average of 71%. The highest cost of occupational accidents for a company with 1500 employees was estimated to be approximately 27,440,000,000 Rials.
 Conclusion: The costs of accidents on employers and ultimately the country's economy are noticeable. It is really important to recognize the accidents’ causes, control the rate of them and provide sufficient and appropriate occupational health and safety services.

A study of Happiness in the Islamic Republic of Iran's work communities.

Background: Happiness, a factor in social, political, and economic development, leads to higher performance, increase in production, and great efficiency. The goal of this study was to assess the level of happiness in Iran’s work communities. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, we randomly selected 13842 people from 380 workplaces in 31 provinces of Iran. Trained interviewers based on structured questionnaires collected data. Reliability of the questionnaire determined by using internal consistency. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and the charts and tables were prepared to indicate each province’s happiness level and the national mean. Results: Average age of employees was 35.4±7.78 years. The majority of the respondents were male(n=11835, 85.5%), had finished middle/secondary school (n=7142, 51.6%) and were married (n=11323, 81.8%). The level of happiness varied from the highest value 148.97±21.49 in Boushehr Province and the lowest 130.39± 25.28 in Hormozgan Province. The mean ± SD value of happiness in the work communities of Iran was 141.22±22.89. Conclusion: Policymakers should consider workers’ happiness as an effective factor in production and efficiency.

Characterization of Gray-Black Stone Pillars of the Achaemenid Palace of Charkhab Borazja

Characterization of Gray-Black Stone Pillars of the Achaemenid Palace of Charkhab Borazja

Prediction of a wellhead separator efficiency and risk assessment in a gas condensate reservoir

In this paper artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were applied to predict the separation percentage of gas and gas condensate in a wellhead separator in Naar oil field (Boushehr province, IRAN). The operating parameters including valve opening percentage, gas flow, design pressure, and design temperature are considered as the inputs of the models. The accuracy of the proposed models were evaluated using statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient (R2), average percent relative error (APRE), average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the achieved data, R2 values were 0.9691 and 0.9807 for ANN and ANFIS models, respectively, while the values of RMSE were 6.117 and 4.57 for the applied models, which denote the higher accuracy of ANFIS model. Moreover, risk analyzing and consequence assessment of probable explosion of separator using PHAST (Process Hazard Analysis Software) software showed that inspection of separators is very important. Considering the calculated results, it can be concluded that ANFIS was better than ANN in prediction of gas and gas condensate separation percentages, since its output showed higher affinity to the real data. Generally, the findings obtained from the current work suggest that it is possible to predict the separation efficiency of a wellhead separator using intelligent systems.

Impacts of wind erosion and seasonal changes on soil carbon dioxide emission in southwestern Iran

Wind erosion is one of the main drivers of soil loss in the world, which affects 20 million hectare land of Iran. Besides the soil loss, wind erosion contributes to carbon dioxide emission from the soil into the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to evaluate monthly and seasonal changes in carbon dioxide emission in four classes i.e., low, moderate, severe and very severe soil erosion and the interactions between air temperature and wind erosion in relation to carbon dioxide emission in the Bordekhun region, Boushehr Province, southwestern Iran. Wind erosion intensities were evaluated using IRIFR (Iran Research Institute of Forests and Ranges) model, in which four classes of soil erosion were identified. Afterward, we measured carbon dioxide emission on a monthly basis and for a period of one year using alkali traps in each class of soil erosion. Data on emission levels and erosion classes were analyzed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with twelve replications in each treatment. The highest rate of emission occurred in July (4.490 g CO2/(m2·d)) in severely eroded lands and the least in January (0.086 g CO2/(m2·d)) in low eroded lands. Therefore, it is resulted that increasing erosion intensity causes an increase in soil carbon dioxide emission rate at severe erosion intensity. Moreover, the maximum amount of carbon dioxide emission happened in summer and the minimum in winter. Soil carbon dioxide emission was just related to air temperature without any relationship with soil moisture content; since changes of soil moisture in the wet and dry seasons were not high enough to affect soil microorganisms and respiration in dry areas. In general, there are complex and multiple relationships between various factors associated with soil erosion and carbon dioxide emission. Global warming causes events that lead to more erosion, which in turn increases greenhouse gas emission, and rising greenhouse gases will cause more global warming. The result of this study demonstrated the synergistic effect of wind erosion and global climate warming towards carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.

Introducing the Pattern of Identifying Highly Deprived Areas In Order to Target the System of Jihadist Movements (Case Study: Boushehr Province; Dashty County)

Introducing the Pattern of Identifying Highly Deprived Areas In Order to Target the System of Jihadist Movements (Case Study: Boushehr Province; Dashty County)

Spatiotemporal shoreline change in Boushehr Province coasts, Iran

Since coastal areas have highly dynamic nature and are one of the most beneficial regions of civilizations, it is of great significance to understand their characteristics and behavior. Changes in shorelines in the form of accretion and erosion can leave devastating effects on businesses and cities located along the shore. In this study, we statistically calculated the tendency of shoreline changes by processing and analyzing historical satellite images of Boushehr Province, Iran. Results show that these shores have experienced both sedimentation and erosion in the past 30 years. Net shoreline movement presents more than 350 m of erosion and 650 m of accretion, which are corresponded to change rates of almost 12 and 22 m/a, respectively. Statistics of shoreline changes are calculated from regression methods including end point rate, linear regression rate, weighted linear regression, and least median of squares. The best-performed method is applied to predict the shoreline position in 2050 and 2100. Potential locations of excessive changes are identified for the predicted shorelines, which should be dealt with properly.

Physiological and yield responses of Aloe vera plant to biofertilizers under different irrigation regimes

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is one of the most important medicinal plants with high resistance to drought, whose tolerability can be promoted using biofertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of biofertilizers on some physiological traits and leaf fresh weight of Aloe vera under different irrigation regimes. The experiments were conducted in a research field in Iran (Boushehr with warm and dry climate) during 2016-2018. Irrigation treatments included 25, 50, 75 and 100% of water requirement and the applied biofertilizers treatments were mycorrhizal fungi (MF) (Glomus mosae), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (including Pseudomonas putida strain P13 and Pantoea agglomerans strain P5), MF + PSB, and control (without any biofertilizers). The results of three harvests showed advantages of biofertilizers (specially the combination of MF and PSB) utilization on all determined factors such as total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf proline, and soluble sugar amount. The highest yield was obtained in full irrigation, but due to the absence of significant difference in leaf fresh weight of this treatment with 50% irrigation, as well as the water deficit in Boushehr, located in semi-arid region, 50% irrigation and combination of MF and PSB biofertilizers is recommended. Therefore, Aloe vera is an acceptable option for planting in Boushehr province according to its scant water consumption.

Investigating Orchard Men's Behavioral Intentions of Dashtestan County toward Water Conservation Using Stern Value-Belief-Norm Theory

Investigating Orchard Men's Behavioral Intentions of Dashtestan County toward Water Conservation Using Stern Value-Belief-Norm Theory

Impacts of the precision agricultural technologies in Iran: An analysis experts' perception & their determinants

Nowadays agricultural methods developments that are productively, economically, environmentally and socially sustainable are required immediately. The concept of precision agriculture is becoming an attractive idea for managing natural resources and realizing modern sustainable agricultural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing impacts of precision agriculture from the viewpoints of Boushehr Province experts. The research method was a cross sectional survey and multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from 115 experts in Boushehr province. According to the results, experts found underground and surface waters conservation, rural areas development, increase of productivity and increasing income as the most important impacts of precision agricultural technologies. Experts’ attitudes indicate their positive view toward these kinds of impacts. Also behavioral attitude has the most effect on impacts.

The Role of Technical and Vocational Training for Entrepreneurship Development and Business Skills in the Boushehr Province Technical and Vocational Training IRAN Aspect.

Abstract This study was to identify the role of technical and vocational training in entrepreneurship development and business skills in the main office of B. province technical and vocational training. The corelational study was conducted. The population consisted of 1500 apprentices among which 420 persons were randomly selected according to Cochran formula based on a systematic sampling method. Data is gathered via a researcher-structured questionnaire containing 35 items based on Likert scale. Content validity and Cronbach’S Alpha (α=/94) are used. The data was analysed using SPSS software. The descriptive and inferential statistics are also used to examined the hypotheses. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between technical and vocational training and dimensions of entrepreneurship in the apprentices that includes: technical and vocational training, knowledge and technical ability, success seeking. Key Words : entrepreneurship, creativity, business skills, technical and vocational training

Iridescence in Ancient Glass: A Morphological and Chemical Investigation

Visible damage on the surface of historic glass, iridescence, is developed by the influence of environmental factors during time. Iridescence is usually considered as an age indicator in historic glass. Samples from the ancient Sasanian historic site called “Tomb‐e Pargan” in the Boushehr Province of Iran were subjected to microscopic analyzing with ESEM, ICP‐OES, and polarization microscopy to characterize structural damages and its impact on the surface deposition. Chemical–mineralogical studies were also performed. The current investigation suggests that the iridescent layer is developed as the result of alkali ion depletion on the glass surface following the formation of a shelly layer. Due to the porosity of ancient glass surface, ions migrate and deposit continuously on the surface in the form of crust. The phenomenon causes fine lamellar structure on the surface. Samples from Tomb‐e Pargan characteristically contain potassium and magnesium.

Surveying the Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Meta-cognition on Psychological Capital of High School Teachers in Boushehr Province

The aim of this paper is to survey the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) and meta-cognition on psychological capital (PC) of high school teachers in Boushehr province. This is a descriptive-surveying research in which 2809 teachers of Bousher province were considered as the study population among which 341 persons were randomly selected as sample based on stratified sampling. Data were gathered via some standard questionnaires including psychological capital (Luthans), Spirituality (Miliman), Emotional Intelligence (Broadway), and Meta-Cognition (Wells). Face and Content-related validity were applied to measure the validity of the questionnaires while applying Cronbach's Alpha showed acceptable reliabilities. Some descriptive and inferential indices such as frequency, mean, SD, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, stepwise regression, ANOVA, and SEM were also applied to analyze the gathered data. Findings showed that emotional intelligence, spirituality, and meta-cognition had a positive effect on psychological capital.

Amino chelate with micronutrients and calcium had effect on date fruits characteristics

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of amino chelates on quantitative and qualitative properties of ‘Kabkab’ date fruit in ‘Dashtestan’ city, Boushehr province in the year 2012. The experiment was performed as factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was amino chelate type including: control, calcium amino chelate, micro-nutrient amino chelate and calcium + micro-nutrient amino chelates and the second factor was two application times including: ‘Khalal’ stage, one week later than the first application. Twenty four ‘Kabkab’ date palms were selected and all horticultural operations were equally done on them. After operating the treatments, was sampled in ‘Tamar’ stage and the characteristics including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, stone weight, stone length, TSS and pH were measured. Results indicated that amino chelates had significant influence on fruit weight, fruit length, stone weight, TSS. Application time affects some properties such as fruit weight, TSS and pH. Calcium amino chelate significantly increased fruit weight, fruit length and TSS. The highest TSS was observed in calcium amino chelate treatment. The greatest and lowest stone weight obtained in calcium amino chelate and control treatments respectively. Calcium and micro-nutrient amino chelates had the highest fruit weight and the lowest fruit weight was relative to control treatment. Generally, amino chelates had significant and positive influence on most fruit quantitative and qualitative properties.

Geochemistry, microfacies and diagenetic evidences for original aragonite mineralogy and open diagenetic system of Lower Cretaceous carbonates Fahliyan Formation (Kuh-e Siah area, Zagros Basin, South Iran)

The Fahliyan Formation is an important reservoir unit of Cretaceous strata in the south of Iran (Zagros Mountains). This formation with the age of Lower Cretaceous overlies unconformably the Hith Formation and is conformably covered by the Gadvan Formation in the studied area. To evaluate the original carbonate mineralogy, paleotemperature, and diagenetic environment in Kuh-e Siah anticline in Boushehr Province, the Fahliyan Formation was investigated by petrographic and geochemical analyses. Petrographic studies led to the recognition of 25 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environment. Of these microfacies, twenty-one belong to inner ramp and four are located in the mid ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow-marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. Evidences such as absence of calciturbidite deposits and reefal facies, the occurrence of widespread tidal flat deposits, gradual facies changes, and abundant micrites indicate that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. Abundant aragonite skeletal and non-skeletal components and presence of dolomites in Fahliyan carbonates indicate original aragonite mineralogy. Radial ooids generated in low-energy environments similar to modern aragonitic forms. Deformed and spalled ooids as well as shattered micritic envelopes indicate aragonite dissolution during meteoric diagenesis. Isopachous and fibrous sparry calcite cements resemble modern aragonite morphologies. Micritization, geopetal fabric, bioturbation, neomorphism, compaction, cementation, dissolution, dolomitization, dedolomitization, and fracturing are diagenetic processes in the Fahliyan Formation, occurring in marine to meteoric and burial diagenetic environments. Cementation, dissolution, and dolomitization are the main diagenetic processes that affected the original texture. Values of major (Ca and Mg) and minor (Sr, Na, Fe and Mn) elements (such as high Sr value) and δ18O and δ13C designate that the Fahliyan carbonates were deposited in a shallow warm-water sub-tropical environment and aragonite was the original carbonate mineralogy. Variations of Sr/Ca and δ18O values versus Mn suggest that diagenetic alteration must have occurred in an open diagenetic system, with high water–rock interaction. Dolomitization, dissolution and cementation are the main diagenetic features observed in the Fahliyan Formation of Kuh-e Siah and confirm high water–rock interaction in open diagenetic system. Dissolution as leaching is the most important diagenetic event in the evolution of porosity, particularly where green algae and other benthic foraminifera are abundant. This may indicate that the original carbonate mineralogy of the mentioned bioclasts might be aragonite, rather than low-Mg calcite. Temperature calculation based on the oxygen isotope value of the least-altered sample, using Anderson and Arthur (Stable isotopes in sedimentary geology, vol 10. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Short Course, pp 1–151, 1983) equation, indicates paleotemperature to be around 29.1 °C.

Policy and plural responsiveness: Taking constructive account of the ways in which Iranian farmers think about and behave in relation to water

Summary Iran faces a serious and worsening water crisis, and water conservation by its farmers is rightly seen as crucial to any resolution. Whilst many farmers are profligate in their use of water, some are parsimonious: behavioural strategies vary and these strategies, we hypothesise, are accompanied by differing perceptions. These perceptions, we further hypothesise, are generated by the four different ways of organising – individualism, hierarchy, egalitarianism and fatalism – that are predicted by the theory of plural rationality. Informal guided interviews with 330 farmers in Boushehr Province support these hypotheses and show that both perceptions of and behaviour in relation to water are closely tied to the farmers’ ways of organising which, in turn, are influenced by the socio-technological origin of their water: wells, irrigation canals, qanats . “Egalitarian” farmers are already behaving in the desired way; they are most prevalent among those who rely on wells. “Individualist” and “fatalist” farmers are profligate in their water use; they are most prevalent among those who rely on irrigation canals. The modern technology, we suggest, could be re-cast, in part, along the lines of the traditional qanat socio-technological system, so that water, at times and in places, is delivered as a common-pool good (egalitarianism) and not just in the current public good (hierarchy) or private good (individualism) modes.

Age structure and growth of the Gurra rufa (Cyprinidae), in southern Iran

The age structure and growth of Gurra rufa (Heckel, 1843), in the Dalaki river (Boushehr province in southern Iran) were studied in samples caught from May 2007 to September 2007. The maximum total lengths were 171 mm in females (168) and 188 mm in males (156). Age determination based on the scale and opercle readings shows that the population has 4 age classes. The growth of both sexes was isometric (b=2.89 males, b=2.93 females). The highest growth rate was observed between age 1 and 2 in both sexes. Growth parameters were computed by the von Bertalanffy equation for females and males as: L∞ = 164.14, W∞ =117.11¸ t0 = -1.16, K= 0.189 and L∞=168.16, W∞=116.28, t0=-1.14, K= 0.213 respectively.

Evaluation of Current Desertification Status Based on IMDPA with Emphasis on Climate, Wind Erosion, Water, Soil and Vegetation: Case Study of Bordekhun Region of Boushehr

This study used quantifying factors affecting desertification based on the Iranian model of desertification potentialassessment (IMDPA) to assess the current status of desertification in Bordekhun region, Iran. Bordekhun region has anarea of 214.11 km2 and is located near the city of Daiyer in Boushehr province. First, a working unit map of the regionwas selected as the basic map for evaluation of factors and indices of interest. Regional conditions for the five criteria ofclimate, wind erosion, water, soil, and vegetation were calculated as essential for the study of desertification intensity. Thescores for the indices were determined using IMDPA; for each index, a map was prepared employing the calculatedweighting. A qualitative map of the criterion was obtained using the geometric mean of indices related to each criterion. Amap of current desertification potential was then created for the study area by combining the layers produced for eachcriterion, determining their geometrical means, and classifying the resultant map. Analysis of the study criteria showedthat climate was rated high with a quantitative value of 3.15, wind erosion was high with a value of 2.87, water wasmedium with a value of 1.77, soil was high with a value of 2.66, and vegetation was medium with a value of 2.37. Theresults showed that of the total area, 49.12% is classified in the high desertification class, 48.9% is in the moderate classand about 0.99% is not classified. The quantitative value of desertification intensity on the basis of the five criteria for theentire study area was desertification map (DM) = 1.55, which is indicative of the average desertification intensity in theregion. The study area is located such that it has the potential for severe desertification. Climate was found to be thedominant criterion and plays an important role in desertification.

Application of multiple sediment fingerprinting techniques to determine the sediment source contribution of gully erosion: Review and case study from Boushehr province, southwestern Iran

Soil erosion by water is one of the most important causes of land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. Quantitative determination of the relative contributions of sediment sources within catchments is an essential task before developing any appropriate management strategy in order to control soil erosion and sediment transport. In this paper a multi-parameter fingerprinting method is used to determine the sediment contribution of gully erosion (Scg) in three catchments in Iran, with different areas and drainage densities. Tracers including carbon, nitrogen, C/N, phosphorus and 137Cs which provide a clear distinction between subsoil and topsoil were used. The mean value of Scg, the efficiency of the composite tracer, the variation of Scg, and finally the accuracy of model calculations for each tracer are discussed. Although all tracers showed a considerable Scg (between 84 and 99%), the variation and accuracy of mixed models varied noticeably. Furthermore, the residual root mean square error (RRMSE) showed that 137Cs is the most valuable informative tracer while the composite tracers combining organic tracers and 137Cs presented the lowest accuracy. The results also demonstrate that the optimum combination of tracers in each region might be different. Combining the value of Scg with catchment area and geomorphic parameters showed that drainage density and catchment area are the most important factors on Scg variation. However, other physical factors such as gully density and hillslope length should also be taken into account to determine where gully erosion becomes a dominant soil erosion process. Land managers, who rely on results of erosion models which mainly focus on rill and sheet erosion, should consider the results, which demonstrate the importance of gullies as a major sediment source.

Facies characteristic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Fahliyan Formation, Lower Cretaceous, in the Kuh-e Siah area, Zagros Basin, southern Iran

The Lower Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation, part of the Khami Group, unconformably overlies the Hith Formation and is conformably overlain by the Gadvan Formation in the study area in southern Iran. The Fahliyan Formation is a reservoir rock in Zagros Basin. This formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis in order to clarify the depositional facies and sedimentary environment in the Kuh-e Siah Anticline in Boushehr Province. Petrographic studies led to the recognition of 25 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open-marine in mid-ramp environment. An absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes indicate that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. These skeletal grains have been studied in order to increase the understanding of their distributions in time and space. A total of ten genera belonging to different groups of calcareous algae and 16 genera of benthic foraminifera are recognized from the Fahliyan Formation at Kuh-e Siah section.