Boundary Negotiations Research Articles

Kwestia podziału Prus Wschodnich w okresie II wojny światowej = The issue of the division of East Prussia in the period of World War II

This paper presents the reasons for, and the historical-political conditions underpinning, the liquidation and division of East Prussia after World War II. It is recalled here that, even before the War, Polish scholars, including quite a number of leading Polish geographers, had aimed to have such a political design implemented. The period of the War itself saw respective proposals drawn up in various detailed variants. The very first two of these were presented on April 2nd, 1940, in Paris by Division III of the Head Office of the Polish Army Commander (at that time General Władysław Sikorski). The subsequent proposal for the course of the border was as finalised by October 17th, 1940 in London, by the Bureau for Political Studies of the Polish Government-in-Exile. The three variants are presented and commented upon in the article, as well as shown in Fig. 1. They did not gain any high political status, unlike the decision on the division of East Prussia taken personally by Joseph Stalin in July1944, during a meeting with the Polish Delegation. This concept for the course of the border is also shown in Fig. 1. The defeat of Nazi Germany and the occupation of this German border province by the Red army made it possible for effect to be given to an already-formulated territorial postulate. The decisions of the three powers, taken in Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam, are also presented and commented upon. The final part of the paper then presents the procedures by which the borderline was delineated, and determined in practice, as this resulted in the ultimate division of East Prussia into Polish and Soviet parts. In particular, attention is paid to the boundary negotiations relevant to that, which took place throughout 1945. Over the longer term, the boundary in fact proved unstable, with individual localities changing their political affiliations from one state to the other. All this of course happened under strong pressure from the Soviet side that effectively left the Polish party helpless. The border that was finally established, largely in the form of a straight line running East-West, in fact persists through to the present day, and now separates Poland from the Kaliningrad District of the Russian Federation.

Diversity and commonalities in relationship experiences among self-identified bisexual parents in the United States

ABSTRACTAlthough bisexual parents represent the largest proportion of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) parents, their lived experiences are rarely included in prior research. The intimate relationships of bisexual parents may be similar to or distinct from monosexual (i.e. sexually oriented to one sex/gender) individuals, and such relationships impact individuals’ health and well-being, as well as family dynamics. We conducted phone interviews with 33 self-identified bisexual parents who were at least 18 years old, with at least one child (genetic, adopted, foster, stepchildren, partners’ children) living in the United States. As with individuals of all sexual identities, participants’ relationship structures (e.g. monogamy, commitment, co-parenting with former partners, single, dating) were diverse. Most participants’ partners were supportive of their bisexuality. Former relationships were often significant in positive ways, including beneficial co-parenting, or in negative ways, including poor co-parenting and experiences of biphobia. Open communication, boundary negotiation, and counseling were all strategies that reportedly strengthened relationships. Many participants viewed relationships differently based on the gender of their partner(s), and biphobia impacted these perceptions. Participants expressed the desire for targeted resources and therapeutic approaches for bisexual parents, since their role as a parent was often a primary factor in how they organized their relationships.

“Living with Ourselves”—Australia and East Timorese Self-Determination, 1973–1979

This paper examines Australian attitudes and decisions which undermined East Timorese self-determination between 1973 and 1979—beginning before the illegal Indonesian invasion in 1975 and ending in February 1979 at the commencement of Australian-Indonesian maritime boundary negotiations. During this period, key diplomats and politicians from both sides of Australian politics minimized, ignored, and overlooked human rights abuses in East Timor to advance Australian interests. This approach to East Timor was maintained for over two decades, but had been adapted from an earlier diplomatic blueprint established in the mid-1960s. The main Australian achievement from this approach was accessing East Timor's oil and gas reserves by a 1989 treaty with Jakarta. This was made possible by undermining the legal rights of the East Timorese and tacitly accepting the Indonesian occupation. In this period (1975–1979) around 84,200 Timorese from a pre-invasion population of 600,000–800,000 died as a direct or indirect consequence of the Indonesian invasion. By 1999, as many as 200,000 East Timorese had died since the 1975 invasion.

It takes four to tango: Quadrilateral boundary negotiations in the North-East Atlantic

This contribution examines the current state of play in the boundary negotiations between the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland in the North-East Atlantic. It reviews the recent British, Irish and Danish submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and finds that while these submissions have been instrumental in clarifying the legal and scientific basis of the parties’ perception of their continental shelf entitlements beyond 200nm, in view of Iceland's objections, such moves need to be reappraised. As things now stand, quadrilateral action is indispensable to any future settlement attempt, whether by interstate negotiation or through judicial means.

Adolescence and ‘Hypersexualisation’ in Francophone Quebec: A Story of Missed Revolutions and Cultural Boundary Negotiations

Social discussions, academic debates and increased media attention to the ‘sexualisation’ of adolescents, particularly of teenage girls, have been ubiquitous in Western countries over the past two decades. Since the turn of the century, ‘hypersexualisation’ has been much discussed in Quebec media. This article frames hypersexualisation as a discourse and analyses the articulations between some of its major components, namely the definition of the endangered and redeemable adolescent subject and the presence of a failure narrative pertaining to historically specific emancipatory ideals. By doing so, it reveals the ways in which discussions about adolescent sexuality in Quebec can contribute to boundary mapping in a globalised context.

Why Does Canada Have So Many Unresolved Maritime Boundary Disputes?

AbstractCanada has five unresolved maritime boundaries. This might seem like a high number, given that Canada has only three neighbours: the United States, Denmark (Greenland), and France (St. Pierre and Miquelon). This article explores why Canada has so many unresolved maritime boundaries. It does so through a comparison with Norway, which has settled all of its maritime boundaries, most notably in the Barents Sea with Russia. This comparison illuminates some of the factors that motivate or impede maritime boundary negotiations. It turns out that the status of each maritime boundary can only be explained on the basis of its own unique geographic, historic, political, and legal context. Canada’s unresolved maritime boundaries are the result of circumstances specific to each of them and not of a particular policy approach in Ottawa.

“I Am Your Faggot Anti-Pope”: An Exploration of Marilyn Manson as a Transgressive Artist

This article explores how Marilyn Manson functions as a transgressive artist, in order to demonstrate how his persona, music, and music videos cross social, cultural and moral boundaries. In contrast to existing definitions of transgression as a synonym for the breaking of taboos, commonly used in critical interrogations of extreme music, I define transgression as the (re)construction of social order by means of boundary negotiation. I therefore do not read Manson’s work as political radicalism or anti-social shock, but as a creative process which (re)constructs the ideologies it appears to attack. The article explores three areas in which this (re)constructive aspect of transgression is most evident. Firstly, I explore how Manson’s work functions as a liminal rite-de-passage for adolescents to facilitate a successful transition into adulthood. Secondly, I study how Manson crossed over into the mainstream during the Mechanical Animals-era, and how his relationship with the media affected his negotiation of the mainstream-underground boundary. Finally, I trace how his flirtations with Satanism (re)construct and maintain social order. Manson’s transgressive quality, I argue, lies primarily in his ability to expose how American society is (re)constructed and maintained through the crossing and renegotiation of its own limits.

Ecosystem Services as a Boundary Concept: Arguments from Social Ecology

Ecosystem services (ES) are defined as the interdependencies between society and nature. Despite several years of conceptual discussions, some challenges of the ES concept are far from being resolved. In particular, the usefulness of the concept for nature protection is questioned, and a strong critique is expressed concerning its contribution towards the neoliberal commodification of nature. This paper argues that these challenges can be addressed by dealing more carefully with ES as a boundary concept between different disciplines and between science and society. ES are neither about nature nor about human wellbeing, but about the mutual dependencies between nature and human wellbeing. These mutual interdependencies, however, create tensions and contradictions that manifest themselves in the boundary negotiations between different scientific disciplines and between science and society. This paper shows that approaches from Social Ecology can address these boundary negotiations and the power relations involved more explicitly. Finally, this implies the urgent need for more inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration in ES research. We conclude (1) that the social–ecological nature of ES must be elaborated more carefully while explicitly focussing on the interdependencies between nature and society; (2) to better implement inter- and transdisciplinary methods into ES research; and (3) that such ES research can—and to some extent already does—substantially enhance international research programmes such as Future Earth.

Funnelling through foundations and crime stoppers: how public police create and span inter-organisational boundaries

ABSTRACTPublic police require a reliable supply of resources to operate effectively, and police increasingly seek resources from private organisations and individuals. Since police departments are public bodies, they encounter boundaries in doing so. The key challenge for public police is how to access private resources for initiatives while seeming to avoid real or alleged influence from private entities providing them. This article examines policing across inter-organisational boundaries and boundary negotiation by investigating two kinds of private organisations – police foundations and Crime Stoppers organisations – operating in Canadian jurisdictions, and which reflect significant trends in public police practices. Both organisational models were established by public police in the United States in 1970s, have proliferated, and now commonly operate adjacent to – but not within – North American police departments. Both models, and especially how they connect, create distance from, and otherwise relate to public police, lend insight into how boundaries are maintained, negotiated, and spanned. Implications of these arrangements for future research and the public good are discussed.

‘It’s about using the full sanction catalogue’: on boundary negotiations in a multi-agency organised crime investigation

ABSTRACTInter-organisational and inter-disciplinary investigations are increasingly deployed against criminal networks and cross-jurisdictional crimes. This study provides a unique empirical window into an inter-organisational investigation against a large organised crime network in Norway. Building on interview data from the participants in the multi-agency investigation team that was summoned for this case, the article discusses co-ordination issues that arise when organisations with different goals and interests collaborate to reach a common goal. The article studies co-ordination from inside of the investigation team and discusses the interchangeable use of criminal and administrative law. While bridging organisational boundaries enable agencies to pool powers, co-ordination across organisations may challenge the protection of sometimes conflicting aims and interests.

Maritime Boundary Negotiations between China and Korea: The Factors at Stake

Despite a great number of negotiations between China and Korea, the two countries have failed to delimit a maritime boundary in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Primarily they have held conflicting principles regarding maritime boundary delimitation, namely an equidistant line as opposed to the natural prolongation of the land territory. Ieodo, a submerged rock in a strategic location, claimed by both China and Korea, is also another focus of negotiations. Other factors, including straight baselines, military activities, fishery and underwater mineral resources, are also important considerations in the maritime boundary negotiations.

Separating, replacing, intersecting: The influence of context on the construction of the medical-nursing boundary

The distribution of work, knowledge, and responsibilities between doctors and nurses is a longstanding object of interest for medical sociologists. Whereas the strategies through which nurses and doctors construct their professional boundary have been thoroughly examined, little is known about why the regulation of the medical-nursing boundary varies across care settings. In the article, I argue that this gap in knowledge can be attributed to insufficient examination of the ‘negotiation context’, namely the features of the social and organisational environment that directly affect doctor-nurse boundary negotiations. Adopting a negotiated order perspective, and drawing data from a hospital ethnography, the article describes the different ways of constructing the medical-nursing boundary (separating, replacing, and intersecting) which were observed in three different care settings (a neurology ward, a neurosurgical ward, and an intensive care unit). Constant comparison of the observed interactional patterns led to the identification of three factors that significantly affected the construction of the medical-nursing boundary, specifically: patients' state of awareness, the type of clinical approach adopted by nurses and doctors, and the level of acuity on the ward. The article advances our knowledge of the medical-nursing boundary by shedding light on its flexible and contextual nature and by adding further nuance to the boundary-blurring/boundary-reinforcing dichotomy. New features of the ‘negotiation context’ are identified that enable more convincing explanations of why the medical-nursing boundary varies across care settings. Finally, the study advances the negotiated order theory by offering a framework for considering the structural differences that shape local negotiations.

"Our Time is Up": A Relational Perspective on the Ending of a Single Psychotherapy Session.

This paper, written from a relational perspective, examines the final minutes of an individual psychotherapy session, and is organized around the topics of boundary negotiation, unwitting self-disclosures, visual challenges, and countertransference. Attending to session-ending material is important because the separation involved lends heightened emotional intensity to the oftensignificant material that appears in the final minutes. This material often serves as a bridge to the psychotherapeutic work to be taken up in subsequent sessions. Session-ending dynamics call upon the therapist to prioritize empathy, validation, and support for the patient suffering from early deprivation; identify and heal narcissistic injury in the patient wishing to be special; judiciously alter the frame when doing so will benefit the patient and not constitute a boundary violation; avoid re-traumatization; admit mistakes; confront blatant denial; advance agency; address uncomfortable topics; set appropriate limits; and deal authentically with uncomfortable countertransference. Numerous clinical examples serve to illustrate these clinical phenomena.

Putting the U in carbon capture and storage: rhetorical boundary negotiation within the CCS/CCUS scientific community

ABSTRACTThis paper examines responses to a framing shift from carbon capture and storage (CCS) to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) within science and engineering professionals’ communication. We argue that the framing shift is a breach in the rhetorical boundaries of the CCS professional community that calls forth negotiation through responses that proactively support, resist, or acquiesce. This study offers a heuristic for examining scientific framing in expert-to-expert internal scientific rhetoric. It also contributes to contemporary research on the intersection of rhetoric of science and science, technology, and society; the social dimensions of CCS; energy communication; and applied communicative practices in scientific communities.

Trading zones, boundary objects, and the pursuit of news innovation

Amid growing calls for greater collaboration between journalism and computer programming, this article examines a salient case study that reveals processes of communication, exchange, and work production at the intersection of these social and occupational worlds. We focus on a key stage of the Knight-Mozilla News Technology partnership – namely, an online ‘Learning Lab’ through which 60 individuals sought to coordinate around a shared interest in the innovation of journalism through open-source software. Drawing on the science and technology studies concepts of trading zones and boundary objects, we explore how distinct understandings about news and technology converged, diverged, and ultimately blended around three thematic ambitions: making news more process-oriented, participatory, and socially curated. This window onto boundary negotiations in journalism provides a glimpse into the future development of news and its norms and values, as programmers and their ethics assume a greater role in the journalistic field – in the very heart of some of its leading institutions.

Blurring boundaries and negotiating subjectivities – the Uyghurized Han of southern Xinjiang, China

ABSTRACTNegotiations of collective subjectivities among the Han living in ethnic minority areas of the People's Republic of China have so far received little attention. This article explores one such process among the ‘Uyghurized Han’ living in southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, an area in which Han make up less than one-fourth of the population. Based on research material collected during long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this article suggests that Uyghurized Han creatively construct a sense of belonging in Xinjiang by positioning themselves at the interface of Han-ness and Uyghur-ness. They do so by engaging in contradictory but nonetheless simultaneous processes of blurring and fixing boundaries of identity vis-à-vis both Uyghur and other Han. The aim of the present article is to discuss the ways in which their collective subjectivities are produced in the process of boundary negotiation.

The Vienna Convention and Legally Binding Treaties: Implications for the Maritime Boundary Negotiations between Australia and Timor-Leste

I have been charged by the organisers of this seminar with discussing treaty law and its implications for the possible resumption of maritime boundary negotiations between Australia and Timor-Leste before 2057. Perhaps this is the most contentious mandate of today because it involves arguments about changing the status quo. My paper will unfold in two parts. I will first provide a necessary introduction and context in order to understand the arguments about the revival of the maritime boundary negotiations between Australia and Timor-Leste through a failure of the Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea (which I will call CMATS). I will then turn to the Arbitration under the Timor Sea Treaty, commenced by Timor-Leste against Australia in 2013, and which is currently pending before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague. The Arbitration apparently disputes Australia’s exclusive right to tax the pipeline to Darwin from the Bayu Undan gas field in the Joint Petroleum Development Area under Article 8(b) of the Treaty. Based on information that is publicly available (because the Arbitration remains a closed, secret proceeding), I will review the arguments, pro and con, under the law of treaties that might be run to allow Timor-Leste to escape CMATS before 2057 and revive Australia’s obligation to negotiate the boundary dispute in good faith with East Timor. These arguments relate to whether the circumstances surrounding the conclusion of CMATS renders CMATS invalid or otherwise void at international law.

Exploring the Effects of Workplace Health Promotions: A Critical Examination of a Familiar Organizational Practice

As workplaces become sites where health issues are addressed, organizations have an ever-increasing presence in the personal lives of workers. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate how workplace health promotions (WHPs) violate four types of boundaries: (a) cultural, (b) privacy, (c) confidentiality, and (d) ethical, all of which are managed through communication. We apply Petronio’s (2002) communication privacy management theory to frame health-related boundary negotiations between employee and employer. This chapter concludes with a call for more research on WHPs from interpretive, critical, feminist, and postcolonial approaches.

The Social Context of Racial Boundary Negotiations: Segregation, Hate Crime, and Hispanic Racial Identification in Metropolitan America

How the influx of Hispanics is reshaping the U.S. racial landscape is a paramount question in sociology. While previous research has noted the significant differences in Hispanics' racial identifications from place to place, there are comparatively few empirical investigations explaining these contextual differences. We attempt to fill this gap by arguing that residential context sets the stage for racial boundary negotiations and that certain environments heighten the salience of inter-group boundaries. We test this argument by examining whether Hispanics who live in highly segregated areas and areas that experience greater levels of anti-Hispanic prejudice are more likely to opt out of the U.S. racial order by choosing the other race category in surveys. Using data from the American Community Survey and information on anti-Hispanic hate crimes from the FBI, we find support for these hypotheses. These findings widen the theoretical scope of the roles segregation and prejudice play in negotiating racial identifications, and have implications for the extent to which Hispanics may redefine the U.S. racial order. Language: en

Introduction to Working with Military Families

After the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks in New York, the United States engaged in the global war on terror with two wars, primarily in Iraq and Afghanistan, leading to sustained military operations that lasted for over a decade. Service members deployed to dangerous combat locations, and their families who remained home juggled the numerous demands of daily life. The deployment/s of a service member and subsequent reintegration represents a period of sustained stress for these families and everyone in the system is affected, sometimes negatively, and personal and family change and growth always result from the experience. There has been a large and growing body of literature related to families and military deployment, especially over the last decade. Deployment is an essential and noble component of life in the military. Service members risk their lives and make great sacrifices to defend the freedoms of citizens at home. Yet, deployment and related events represent a crisis for members of families who face many changes and transitions during this time. Post deployment, family members are faced with getting to know each other again, a process made more difficult if the deployment was difficult and family life now includes variables such as poor mental health, financial strain, or recovery from injury. These changes, no matter how big or small, represent losses and additions to daily life and require many skills and qualities including adaptability, communication, patience, understanding, conflict resolution, anxiety management, boundary negotiation, co-parenting, building connection, and acceptance, to name just a few. Effective interventions for military families have the potential to result in changes that have long-lasting consequences across generations. From a military perspective, service members are more content and able to focus more easily on their work when things are going well at home. From a family perspective, children are better off when parents get along, for example, when they are communicating well, agree on family rules and routines, and show positive examples of love. From an individual perspective, life is easier to cope with when things run smoothly on the home front. When relationships are working well, family is the best support system, the finest motivator, and the most prized team. Positive family support makes it easier to face mental health concerns, employment difficulties, and the aftermath of war. Conversely, negative family relationships add to stress, exacerbate mental health problems, and can lead to detrimental outcomes including suicide, interpersonal violence, and other regrettable life-altering decisions. In this special issue focused on military families, twelve articles, authored by a diverse array of scholars, provide insight into the wellbeing of these families, and interventions to strengthen family functioning. Two articles focus on helping children who are dealing with the deployment of a parent in the military. Two articles describe prevention approaches for couples and interventions aimed at educating couples before, during, and after deployment, in a way that addresses problems before they even start. One paper focuses on an intervention for military spouses, a group who have needs for added supports and understanding during a difficult time. Four papers describe different interventions for couples including those dealing with PTSD, intimate partner violence, and sexual trauma. One of these papers includes an innovative description on & Adrian Blow blowa@msu.edu