Ownership Boundaries Research Articles

Pelanggaran Batas Privasi Anak dalam Praktik Sharenting pada Kalangan Selebriti Indonesia

The use of social media is increasingly massive, parents uploading photos, videos or other information about their children on social media has become increasingly common and has become a source of controversy in Indonesia recently. This research aims to investigate violations of children's privacy boundaries that occur due to sharenting practices among Indonesian celebrities. Using document study methodology, researchers compiled data related to sharenting practices that occurred in the latest Indonesian celebrity controversies and analyzed them in accordance with Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory. The results of the research show that YouTube Adsense is a reward that is expected from parents who practice sharenting. Children are considered to have no awareness of their ownership of privacy so they are deemed unable to regulate their privacy rules. The failure to coordinate privacy boundaries between children and parents causes the boundaries of ownership of children's personal information to become blurred. The practice of sharenting by parents among Indonesian celebrities can raise ethical concerns regarding children's privacy rights and weak ownership of children's privacy in accordance with the concept in CPM theory.

Experiences with wildfire are associated with private landowners’ management decisions, relationships, and perceptions of risk

As human populations grow and anthropogenic change increases, costly wildland fires increasingly affect rural, public–private interface landscapes. Climate change, a history of fire suppression, and biological invasions are increasing fire risk in systems worldwide. Fires that ignite in one jurisdiction can spread across ownership boundaries, with the result that landscape-scale fire management and planning requires understanding differential fire response and management across jurisdictions. To illuminate relationships between landowner attitudes and fire management and their experience with past wildfires, we combined geospatial wildfire data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) database and survey response data from 586 private landowners across three national park-centered ecosystems in the American West. We aimed to examine whether landowners’ attitudes toward their land, neighbors, public agencies, and fire itself were related to (a) whether they had experienced fire on their parcels, and (b) the extent and severity of the most recent fire event and the time elapsed since that fire. We found that the degree to which respondents reported that they manage for fire is related to whether a fire had burned on their parcels during their land tenure or, if prior to their tenure, within two years of their acquisition of the land. For those respondents that had thus experienced fire, their level of concern about wildfire, interactions with neighbors and public agencies, and perception that their land contributed to a broader economic or natural system were all related to the time that had elapsed since the fire. Furthermore, total burned area and the percent of the burn that was high severity interacted with time since fire to predict respondents’ attitudes and perceptions. Our findings illustrate the importance of personal past experiences in shaping private land managers’ relationships and viewpoints, as well as the likelihood that they invest in current fire management.

Study of land potential based on soil characteristics using interpolation and scoring methods for non agricultural uses: a case study in Wonosalam, Jombang District, East Java

The state asset land managed by UPN "Veteran" East Java is located in the Wonosalam District based on land certificate data issued by the Jombang BPN covering 13.5 hectares. Currently more than 50% of the land has not been used optimally to support learning, research and community service. The problems that arise in utilizing land assets to support learning, research and community service are 1) the legal boundaries of land ownership are not yet clear, 2) there is no land use master plan to support the learning process, 3) there is no potential data that can be used. prepare use and development plans. Against the background of the problems above, this research aims to map the potential of state land assets by "spatial interpolation, scoring and weight overlay" of land characteristics. Interpolation is a way of calculating the area of several representative measurement points, while scoring and "Weight Overlay" is a facility provided by ArcMap GIS which combines input spatial data with weighting (weight factor) and scoring. Land unit maps are obtained from overlaying relief, geology, slope and land use maps. Interpolation, Scoring and Weight Overlay of the nine land characteristics yielded a potential land asset for buildings, good category 16.61% (44,130.38 m2); moderate 25.66% (67,382.75 m2) and bad 7.523% (19,784.88 m2). Playing field potential, good category 54.73% (71,865.05 m2) and medium 45.27% (59,432.62 m2). Potential for road infrastructure development in the good category 32.38% (42513.74 m2); Moderate 42.68% (56035.24 m2) and Bad 24.94% (32748.69 m2), and all of these potentials are in Slightly Flat topography (Slope, 0-3%) to hilly (Slope, 15-25%).

Scientific and applied principles of inventory of territorial communities' lands in Ukraine

The article examines the process and stages of land inventory. The Resolution of the CMU dated June 5, 2019 No. 476 "Procedure for Land Inventory" was analyzed. The territory of a part of the settlement, which is subject to inventory, and the effectiveness of land resource management measures have been analyzed. The components and essence of land during the inventory were studied. Proposals for improving the scientific and applied principles of land inventory are offered. The land-resource potential and the efficiency of its use within the settlement, which is the object of the study, were investigated and studied. It is proposed to improve the scientific and applied principles of land inventory as a result of the establishment of security zones, restricted zones around regime-forming objects, and the establishment of the settlement boundary. The process of carrying out topographical and geodetic works, the types of surveys used for the inventory process were investigated. It is proposed to improve measures to save resources and time for work during the update of the cartographic base by combining surveying methods. The analysis of the data of the State Land Cadaster and the database of state acts of the self-governing body, which can increase the effective management of land and improve the state of land use, was carried out. The necessity of carrying out a land inventory in order to study land resources to simplify the land management and urban planning process, effective implementation of land management by creating an electronic resource with survey materials and the results of topographical and geodetic works is substantiated. Determined: boundaries of land plots based on the results of the inventory; boundaries of land plots with an assigned cadastral number; boundaries of lands granted ownership; boundaries of land plots used without documents certifying property rights to them; boundaries of lands not granted for ownership or use. It is proposed to improve the scientific and applied principles of land inventory, due to the creation of an electronic resource for the publication of the results of land management works, with the aim of increasing the investment attractiveness of the community, effective management of community lands and significantly simplifying the search for plots for various needs.

The Fire Adapted Communities Pathways Tool: Facilitating Social Learning and a Science of Practice

Abstract Wildfire science, policy, and practice lack systematic means for “tailoring” fire adaptation practices to socially diverse human populations and in ways that aggregate existing lessons. This article outlines the development and initial operationalization of the Fire Adapted Communities Pathways Tool, an inductive set of processes that help facilitate dialogue about needs and priorities for wildfire adaptation strategies across ownership boundaries or partners. We outline the stages and considerations organized by the tool, including how its components build from decades of social science and practitioner experience facilitating fire adaptation choices among communities spanning the United States. We then outline examples for how the pathways tool provides opportunities to reflect and respond to the needs of diverse human populations implementing fire adaptation in distinct places. Finally, we discuss how the tool can help advance a “science of practice” for wildfire adaptation by promoting social learning or gathering monitoring information at multiple scales. Study Implications: The pathways tool provides a series of empirically informed processes, choices, and engagement tactics designed to foster shared agreement about the best practices for wildfire adaptation across site-specific local conditions. We outline how the tool can advance adaptation processes for a variety of users, including (1) a community oriented planning process that will help reinforce or catalyze collective action about fire management, (2) a systematic approach for monitoring differential progress toward development of fire-adapted communities, and (3) a potential feedback mechanism that informs programmatic foci or allocation of future resources across potential actions designed for diverse social conditions.

BIM/IFC-based 3D spatial model for condominium ownership: A case study of China

ABSTRACT As the number of high-density buildings has increased, the management of property with complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration and management. The three-dimensional (3D) modeling of condominium ownership has emerged as an effective means of meeting this challenge and has attracted great attention from fields such as geographical information science, urban planning and management, and property administration. Much progress has been made in building 3D models of condominium ownership; however, existing studies are all on a case-by-case basis and have left some critical issues unsolved, such as vague ownership boundaries, spatial rights without physical counterparts, and the unfixed spatial extent. The purpose of this study is to construct a 3D building ownership model with multiple levels of detail in the context of Chinese law to overcome the defects of 3D models above. This 3D model is presented in a case study of China by subdividing ownership boundaries based on clarifying the internal structure of condominium ownership, embedding the apportionment mechanism, and integrating the semantics, attributes, and geometry associated with the physical and legal entity of the condominium. The proposed 3D model is implemented by extending Building Information Modeling (BIM) based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and inheriting legal information from Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). In this study, examples of condominium ownership from three real legal dispute cases in China are analyzed and tested. The study clearly demonstrates that the proposed model can provide a better cognitive understanding of the legal space of property by rendering unambiguous ownership boundaries and presenting the spatial internal structure of ownership, which offers solid technical support for dealing with property registration and many legal dispute cases about condominium ownership.

Austrian Cadastre still in use – Example proceedings to determine the legal status of land property in southern Poland

The cadastral map is a large-scale cartographic record of property ownership that preserves the dimensions and shape of an owned land parcel on the earth surface, but also the spatial relationship of all individual parcels to each other. There are hundreds of thousands of cadastral maps to be found all over the world. Cadastral maps aided land assignment and taxation, presenting statistics essential for territorial administration, or as a symbol of state control over land. The historical land cadastre introduced in the early nineteenth century in the Austrian Empire, was the foundation of many countries' land register systems. One of the areas it covered was Galicia, a southern part of Poland annexed by Austria in the eighteenth century during the Partitions. The study evaluates the use of old Austrian cadastral maps in southern Poland, mainly in matters related to property boundaries. The Austrian Cadastre lost its importance in Poland after the Second World War due to sociopolitical changes. Still, it became a source of data on real property boundaries once again after the 1989 transformation, which restituted and enhanced ownership rights. Today, modern court proceedings on boundary disputes, easement appurtenant decisions, release of property, grant of property title, or usucaption often need to refer to historical legal sources, including the Austrian Cadastre (cadastral maps and land tax registers) to determine ownership boundaries. The paper presents numerous examples of modern uses of historical land cadastre documents, including cadastral maps and land tax registers in land surveying and legal procedures in Poland. The results show that data from the historical land cadastre remain a source of information when determining ownership boundaries despite the time passed. Therefore, the cadastral documentation offers not only historical and research value but also a practical one.

THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE REAL ESTATE BOUNDARY STABILIZER

The process of fixing the boundaries of real estate ownership is one of the issues that is of particular importance, especially with the expansion of real estate buying and selling operations and the expansion of the construction psrocess and related matters, the most important of which is the knowledge of the boundaries of this property and fixing them in order to preserve rights and to avoid infringement on the rights of neighbors. In terms of the need for him to know the science between identifying and confirming real estate ownership accurately and verifying the documents necessary for the process of establishing ownership, there is no doubt that any error in this work raises the responsibility of the real estate property installer.
 Civil liability arises when a person exceeds the limits authorized to him under the rules stipulated in the state's income, whether in legislative or contractual form. The nature of the responsibility of the registrant of real estate ownership seems to be a tort civil liability, due to the absence of a contractual link between the registrant of ownership and the owner of the real estate subject to fixing the boundaries, as fixing the boundaries of the property is only done based on a site survey to measure its dimensions and diameters, and this on-site viewing and inspection, which is called detection, is only done By the technical employee at the Real Estate Registration Department.

Restrictions on Land Ownership For Citizens by States Adhering to Pancasila Ideology, Islamism and Communism

Land is a necessity that cannot be separated in everyone’s life. The need for land continues to increase, but its availability is very limited. Meanwhile, the number of human growth continues to increase. So that almost all countries place land property as part of private law, but the ownership provisions are regulated by the state in public law. The focus of this research is to find out how the legal comparison of the boundaries of ownership of land rights and that of a country, by assessing the ideological values applied to a country, especially countries that adhere to Pancasila, Communism and Islamism. The aim of this research is to find the comparison of land ownership limits for every citizen who adheres to the ideology of Pancasila, Islamism and Communism, which prevails in a country. The research method used is normative legal research, which is a doctrinal research that examines the opinions of experts and legal documents or is also known as legal research.
 Keywords: Pancasila ideology; restrictions; Islamism; Communism; ideological values

Discussing Data Ownership Disputes and Data Protection from Data Crawling Practices

As a new kind of oil, data is an important resource that enterprises compete for in the digital economy, and mastering data means mastering the market. However, the game of endless crawlers and anti-crawler technologies reflects the conflicting relationship between data crawling and resource protection. In China's judicial practice, the general provisions of Article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law are usually applied to the regulation of data crawling. The application of this provision should find a balance between the protection of data resources and the restriction of data monopoly, so as to resolve the conflict between data grabbers and data collectors, data sharing and the protection of data rights and interests; it also needs to be discussed in terms of the competitive relationship, the legitimacy of the act and whether the principle of necessary facilities can be defended. As the cornerstone of the legitimacy of data capture, we should discuss how to protect data and maximize its value by building a system of data rights attribution, so as to alleviate the inherent tension between incentivizing data production and reducing the risk of individual privacy infringement, form a reasonable division between individual users, platform enterprises and the government and the state regarding the content and boundaries of data ownership, and build a "common ground" between the public, online platforms and the government and the state in data governance. This will lead to the establishment of a "co-construction, co-management and sharing" pattern of government national data governance.

App Deconfliction: Orchestrating Distributed, Multi-Agent, Multi-Objective Operations for Power Systems

Advanced distribution systems need to integrate and orchestrate intelligent subsystems and grid-edge devices that are increasing both in number and sophistication while also serving multiple system-level objectives such as resilience, decarbonization, equity, and profitability. A modular platform-based approach to distribution system operations technology enables operators to deploy a tailored set of best-of-breed algorithms and applications. Combined with the parallel deployment and control of intelligent grid-edge and Internet-of-things devices, this creates a complex environment of distributed-control environment with applications that spans ownership boundaries. Conflicts can emerge between applications that want to control overlapping sets of device setpoints. We propose a formalized approach to resolving these conflicts that can be applied when integrating new algorithms or developing customized solutions. A Deconfliction Pipeline is inserted between the device-controlling applications and the device protocol converter, which transmits control setpoints from the operations platform to the devices. The Deconfliction Pipeline executes a process that sets up, solves, and acts on a formally defined deconfliction problem. The deconfliction problem can be solved using a combination of rules and heuristics, application engagement, and optimization. We demonstrate how a few of the most basic solution strategies can be used to orchestrate harmonious behavior between a pair of simple applications with conflicting greedy optimization objectives.

Data lifecycle of underground land administration: a systematic literature review

Underground Land Administration (ULA) plays a paramount role in recording, registering and managing underground ownership boundaries and rights, restrictions and responsibilities associated with underground assets. 3D digital models provide a great potential to modernise ULA as it is evident in research studies. Several steps, from data acquisition to the use of underground land data have been considered by studies to support 3D ULA. These steps form the ULA data lifecycle. This paper provides an overview of methods, techniques and tools used in different steps of the ULA data lifecycle and identifies research gaps, challenges, and potential opportunities for future studies.

Who owns the beach?

Many Americans believe that beaches are “owned” by the public from the vegetation line/dunes to the ocean. However, this is not true on the 70% of land abutting the shoreline that is privately owned. This private land extends down to mean high or low water lines. In contrast to relatively uniform ownership boundaries, beach access varies greatly among states and is based on the Public Trust Doctrine (PTD), that in turn is based on English common law. Under English common law shorelines have two titles. One is the public’s right of use, and the other is private rights of possession and exclusive use. States can convey rights of possession, but they cannot convey the public’s trust rights and are obliged to govern, manage, and protect the public’s trust rights. Therefore, even though a property owner may “own” the beach, that ownership is still subject to paramount rights of the public to use trust lands for public purposes. Some states such as Texas, Oregon, Hawaii, North Carolina, and New Jersey have opened up their beaches by giving the public lateral access from the vegetation line down to the ocean despite part of this land being privately owned. Their actions have been backed by state courts that cite the PTD. It is within the power of all states to do the same. The Corps of Engineers has opened up public access on the 350 miles of shoreline where it has placed beach nourishment, because for a project to be funded the Corps requires a perpetual easement for public use, usually from the vegetation line to the ocean. The Corps also requires states or local governments to provide perpendicular access to beaches by providing parking and other amenities. Conflicts between beach owners and the public have increased with private-beach signs and even fences springing up. Sea level rise will intensify these conflicts. If property owners resort to building structures such as seawalls and revetments, publicly accessible beach widths will decrease. If governments buy coastal properties through managed retreat or if owners support beach nourishment, public access will increase. There also will be increasing pressures for states to follow the lead of those that used the PTD to open up lateral access to beaches.

Higher incidence of high‐severity fire in and near industrially managed forests

The increasing prevalence of high‐severity wildfire in forests in the US state of California is connected to past forest management, but uncertainty remains regarding the differential effects of land ownership on these trends. To determine whether differing forest management regimes, inferred from land ownership, influence high‐severity fire incidence, we assembled and analyzed a large dataset of 154 wildfires that burned a combined area of more than 971,000 ha in California. We found that where fires occurred, the odds of high‐severity fire on “private industrial” lands were 1.8 times greater than on “public” lands and 1.9 times greater than on “other” lands (that is, remaining lands classified as neither private industrial nor public). Moreover, high‐severity fire incidence was greater in areas adjacent to private industrial land, indicating this trend extends across ownership boundaries. Overall, these results indicate that prevailing forest management practices on private industrial timberland may increase high‐severity fire occurrence, underscoring the need for cross‐boundary cooperation to protect ecological and social systems.

Can privatization of distribution substations improve electricity reliability for non-residential customers? An application to Nepal

This paper takes on a novel perspective to the overloading of distribution substations by considering the common-pool characteristics of electric infrastructure capacity. Using firm- and substation-level data from Nepal, the results provide evidence of common-pool resource (CPR) problems across substations’ ownership boundaries: firms with captive substations experience fewer and shorter unplanned outages than firms connected to shared substations. Based on these findings, private investments in captive substations emerge as a coping mechanism for firms against unreliable electricity supply. A generalized cost-benefit analysis framework for such investments is developed and used to quantify the benefits to Nepalese non-residential customers.

Database Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Remote Sensing dan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Subak Temaga Kecamatan Denpasar Timur

Database of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Resources Based on Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System at Subak Temaga East Denpasar Subdistricts. Subak Temaga doesn’t yet have a database according to Government Regulation No. 25 of 2012 concerning Information System for Sustainable Food Agriculture Land (SFAL). A geospatial-based database needs to be compiled to implement these regulation. The research aims: compile a database of artificial resources, agricultural resources, land resources and human resources to support SFAL in Subak Temaga, create land ownership maps in Subak Temaga, compile an information system of SFAL and land ownership based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). This research uses a survey method to obtain primary data, then doing the mapping to compile the information system based on geospatial. The research results: artificial resources (irrigation, jogging track/farm road), land resources (soil family, landform, slope, rainfall, land suitability, soil fertility), agricultural resources (types of farm commodities, productivity, agriculture tools and machinery, cropping pattern, types and dosage of fertilizer), human resources (name, address, age, last education, farmer status, ownership status, ownership large and boundary, profit-sharing system). Farmer status consists of 56 owner farmers (30,9%) and 125 sharecropers (69,1%). Land ownership status consist of 432 freehold polygons (92,7%) and 34 non freehold polygons (23.8%). Remote sensing is used to determine the boundaries of land ownership, GIS is used to compile a geospatial-based information system for LP2B and land ownership.

Integration of cadastral survey data into building information models

ABSTRACT Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property. The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents. This practice is efficient for simple land parcels but can be challenged in complex building developments. To address the issues stemmed from 2D methods of representing cadastral survey data, 3D spatial information models can be considered as a viable solution for managing cadastral survey data. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enables colsslaborative 3D management of the design, construction, and operation of buildings. There have been extensive studies conducted to investigate the connectivity between BIM and 3D cadaster. Most of these studies focus on managing legal information, such as ownership boundaries and attributes, in BIM-based environments. However, there is limited investigation on how surveying measurements can be mapped into BIM. In this study, the proposed method for integrating the cadastral survey data into the BIM environment includes identifying cadastral survey requirements, using BIM entities relevant to cadastral survey data, enrichment of a BIM prototype, and evaluation of the prototype. The major contribution of this study is to demonstrate the storage of cadastral survey data such as survey marks and traverse lines in the BIM environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the further enrichment of BIM with incorporating data elements related to cadastral surveying practices. It is confirmed that current BIM-based tools provide restricted capabilities for explicit management and visualization of cadastral survey data. This limitation can be addressed in the future enhancements of BIM in terms of supporting important elements for cadastral survey data.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah (Adat) Suku Korowai

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the mechanism for resolving customary land disputes in the Korowai tribe. The research method used is the approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The location of this research was determined in Yanimura District, Boven Digoel Regency. Because of the considerations in that place there are always land disputes. The data collection process used was observation, interviews and FGD. And the data analysis process includes stages, data categorization, data description and data interpretation. The results show that land has an important meaning in the culture of the Koroeai tribe because it is related to values and sources of life. Disputes (ownership) of land that occur are often spearheaded by claims from 2 different owners, and because of differences in the determination of the boundaries of customary land ownership that is communally owned by clans, or certain communities. Settlement of customary land disputes of the Korowai tribe can be resolved by the customary parties as well as possible to mediate between the two warring parties. Then, a system of sanctions in the form of fines is given to parties who are considered detrimental to other parties.

Collaborative conservation in the United States: A review of motivations, goals, and outcomes

For centuries, communities around the globe have worked together to manage resources—a process often referred to as community-based conservation. More recently in the US, diverse stakeholders have partnered to address complex environmental issues that span land ownership or administrative boundaries, calling these efforts collaborative conservation. Reviews of community-based and collaborative conservation have historically focused on developing countries. To synthesize published information on U.S.-focused groups, we conducted a literature review with the following objectives: 1) characterize geographic distribution, types of participants, and sources of funding for these groups; 2) assess issues motivating group formation, goals, activities to achieve those goals, and outcomes; 3) identify whether these goals, activities, and outcomes were biophysical, social, and/or economic. To accomplish these objectives, we searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and reports in online databases from 1800's-2017. Our review resulted in 245 documents describing 296 collaborative conservation groups across all 50 states (primarily the Western U.S.) and the District of Columbia. The top three issues motivating collaborative group formation included impacts of land and resource degradation on livelihoods, water quality and management, and managing land and resources across ownership boundaries. We found that there was little published information on the outcomes of group activities (16% of groups). For the limited number of groups for which the literature reported outcomes, there was no relationship between positive outcomes and group characteristics. Our findings suggest that renewed efforts to evaluate the impact of collaboration on conservation are warranted and could support learning and improved action.

The ownership challenge in the Internet of things world

The products of the fourth industrial revolution will come in the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. They will be unified cyber-physical entities. A fallout of this paradigm is that our orthodox conceptions of private property and ownership will come under stress in ways not experienced before. The rights and boundaries of ownership will become obfuscated and hard to demarcate in the IoT-world. In this paper, we explore these issues from historical and theoretical perspectives to speculate on possible institutional and policy arrangements to manage the challenge. Towards this end, we propose a threshold utility principle of ownership that can serve as the starting point of addressing the private property and ownership challenge in the emergent IoT world.