Bounce Back Research Articles

Weaving culture with consequence: Immigrant status and child maltreatment outcomes in early adulthood

BackgroundChild maltreatment is associated with a host of negative consequences over the life course, the most concerning of which is violence. Nevertheless, many abused and neglected youth do not grow up and commit violence. Meanwhile, research consistently finds an immigrant paradox, where foreign-born nativity is protective against a range of negative life outcomes. It may be that immigrants to the U.S. are more resilient to child maltreatment and less likely to engage in violence later in life. ObjectiveThis study contributes to the literature on victimization and the immigrant paradox by determining whether the effect of child maltreatment on later violence varies between immigrants and non-immigrants. Participants and settingThe present study uses a subsample of 964 foreign- and 12,808 native-born persons from Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. MethodsLogistic regression models are specified and interaction terms are used to determine moderating effects of immigrant status on the link between child maltreatment and later violence. ResultsFindings indicate that child maltreatment significantly increased the odds of violent behavior in early adulthood by nearly 64 %, and this result was not moderated by immigrant status. Supplemental analyses continued to show generality in maltreatment effects. ConclusionsThe idea that child maltreatment is less harmful among foreign-born persons, or that they are able to “bounce back” from this form of victimization due to their unique multicultural assets, is not evidenced here. Key policy implications include a need for culturally competent victim services.

Would the Conservative Aspect of Asian Culture Help People Bounce Back?: An Investigation into the Correlation Between Defensive Pessimism and Resilience

The rising interest in resilience as a desired mental health counselling outcome has prompted increased research into its predictors. In addition to genetic factors and excellent social ties, previous researchers argued that people's coping approach toward environmental dangers might be a significant element. Defensive pessimism, a prominent cognitive strategy among conservative civilizations such as Asian culture and persons with a propensity for mental illness, functions as a strategy that protects individuals from failure and misery by decreasing their expectations and anxiety. The author did qualitative research on Asian volunteers to examine the relationship between defensive pessimism and resilience. The results of this paper contradict the authors' hypothesis that adopting defensive pessimism would increase individuals' resilience. And the findings reveal a significant negative correlation between the two. Additionally, the significant linear regression indicated that defensive pessimism might be a weak negative predictor of resilience. The results may contribute to the early identification of harmful coping strategies in psychological assessment and help with treatment plan development in mental health counselling.

The Impact of a Mental Health Game (eQuoo) on the Resilience of Young Adults: A Case Series Study

Background: mHealth apps are showing promise as an accessible means to improve mental health and wellbeing. However, there is limited evidence for their efficacy, particularly in periods after their initial usage, and in non-Western cultures. Objective: In this study, we explored the impact of eQuoo, an emotional fitness application which gamifies self-reflection and learning, in terms of its ability to build resilience in a sample of young people in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: Individuals (n = 264, M = 25.65 years, SD = 4.84; 52% female) completed self-reports consisting of three different measures of resilience (the Rugged Resilience Measure, Adult Resilience Measure, Brief Resilience Scale). Assessments were taken at the start and end of a five-week use period, and also three months after baseline. Results: Comparison tests indicated various improvements in resilience between baseline and five weeks and at three months, depending on the subgroup of participants (whether male or female or younger or older), as well as in terms of the way resilience was operationalised (e.g., ability to ‘bounce back’ or the protective factors associated with managing adversity). Conclusion: The study indicates that eQuoo can build resilience and can therefore provide a convenient means of supporting the mental health and wellbeing of young adults.

Harnessing the Crowd: How Ventures Learn to “Bounce Back” from Failure

Harnessing the Crowd: How Ventures Learn to “Bounce Back” from Failure

The Influence of Early Life Experiences on Later Life Behaviors: An Examination of the Life of Walt Disney

In this paper we tell the story of Walt Disney, synthesizing the concepts of critical biography with those of life-span theory (LST) from sociology and psychology literature. In this manner, we can better understand how events in one’s life can have a significant impact throughout that person’s life. The paper focuses on four themes: (a) work ethic and pursuit of success, (b) perseverance – bounce back from adversity and keep moving forward, (c) alliance with others who complement one’s own strengths and offset one’s weaknesses, and (d) commitment to excellence. Through these themes, we demonstrate how early life experiences influenced Walt Disney’s behavior throughout his life. Table 1 is provided to outline the key events in the life of Walt Disney, cross-referencing the events as reported within the major Walt Disney biographies.

Association between resilience and frailty in older age: Findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

ObjectivesResilience, a capacity to cope with adversity, has been linked to better functioning and health in older age. However, little is still known about resilience in relation to frailty. We explored whether resilience would be associated with frailty in older age and if we would observe differences in association between resilience and frailty according to the type of adversity. MethodsThe study included 681 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944. Adversities in older age and resilience were assessed between 2015 and 2018 with the Hardy-Gill resilience scale, scores ranging from 0 (low) to 18 (high resilience). Frailty was assessed in 2017–18 by using a deficit accumulation-based Frailty Index with a scale from 0 to 1. Adversities were coded into categories by using a data-driven approach. A linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between resilience and frailty. ResultsResilience was inversely associated with frailty in older age (β -0.009, 95% CI -0.011 to -0.007, p<0.001). The association was observed for all other type of adversities except adversity in relationships and economical adversity. DiscussionA higher resilience was related to lower levels of frailty in older age. Differences in association between resilience and frailty were observed according to the type of adversity. Focusing on the type of adverse events and the capacity to “bounce back” after an adversity in older age may reveal new perspectives on how to prevent and postpone frailty.

The Dynamics of Cognition Process of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Recent economic slowdown and subsequent bounce back has translated into different learnings for organizations. This article attempts to understand the various factors at work that have defined the cognition process of small and micro level enterprises and their readiness to adapt to new situation(s). A comprehensive review of literature has helped identify certain factors that were inculcated into a questionnaire administered on 50 micro and small Indian business enterprises from where the final variables have been identified. The key conclusions show a mix of factors, five in number, which have been grouped under the broad headings of external and internal variables. The flexibility to acquire new knowledge appears to be key for sustainability, among the factors and variables studied. Another aspect is the size of an organization has little role to play in cognition process, and its flexibility to adapt to new situations for survival and growth.

Hybrid Finite Element-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Modelling for Optimizing Cutting Parameters in CFRP Composites.

Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is increasingly being used in various applications including aerospace, automotive, wind energy, sports, and robotics, which makes the precision modelling of its machining operations a critical research area. However, the classic finite element modelling (FEM) approach has limitations in capturing the complexity of machining, particularly with regard to the interaction between the fibre-matrix interface and the cutting edge. To overcome this limitation, a hybrid approach that integrates smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPHs) with FEM was developed and tested in this study. The hybrid FEM-SPH approach was compared with the classic FEM approach and validated with experimental measurements that took into account the cutting tool's round edge. The results showed that the hybrid FEM-SPH approach outperformed the classic FEM approach in predicting the thrust force and bounce back of CFRP machining due to the integrated cohesive model and the element conversion after failure in the developed approach. The accurate representation of the fibre-matrix interface in the FEM-SPH approach resulted in predicting precise chip formation in terms of direction and morphology. Nonetheless, the computing time of the FEM-SPH approach is higher than the classic FEM. The developed hybrid FEM-SPH model is promising for improving the accuracy of simulation in machining processes, combining the benefits of both techniques.

Research on the Role of Banks during the Global Financial Crisis

The purpose of this paper is going to the role of banking during in the recession. After the Nobel prize in Economic Sciences 2022 was presented, it makes people rethink the role of banks. Therefore, this paper picks up the 2008 financial crisis as an example to show it. Initially, the background of the 2008 financial crisis in treating the economy bounce back is mentioned. Deregulation and Fed’s monetary policy to decrease the interest rate are analyzed. After the period of stimulating the economy, the economic developed fast. Meanwhile, real estate market reaches saturation. In order to make profits, the banking launched sub-prime loans and CDO and CDS derived from sub-prime loans. Further economic stimulus comes with a growing property bubble, as the change in the adjusting exchange rates, Subprime defaults increase, the subprime mortgage crisis and the 2008 financial crisis are born. 2008 financial crisis was resulted in the housing bubble explodes, investment banking bankruptcy and rapid increase in unemployment rate, even Influence the worldwide. To deal with the financial crisis, Dodd-Frank Act was published, Basel III and government increasing the spending and banking decline interest near to zero. The main cause of the 2008 financial crisis was the neglect of regulators and the failure of banks to consider the risks posed by unqualified lenders, therefore, studying in 2008 financial crisis is important.

Utility of an Emergency Department Observation Unit in Providing Care for Patients With Blunt Thoracic Trauma.

Background The use of Emergency Department Observation Units (EDOUs) to treat patients with a variety of complaints has grown over recent years. However, the treatment of patients with traumatic injuries in EDOUs is infrequently described. Our study sought to describe the feasibility of treating patients with blunt thoracic trauma in an EDOU in consultation with our trauma and acute care surgery (TACS) team. Together, our Emergency Department (ED) and TACS teams designed a protocol for the treatment of patients with specific blunt thoracic injuries (fewer than three rib fractures, nondisplaced sternal fractures) that we felt would require less than 24 hours of care in a hospital setting. Methods This study is an IRB-approved retrospective analysis comparing two groups before (pre-EDOU) and after (EDOU) the creation of the EDOU protocol, which was implemented in August 2020. Data was collected at a single, Level 1 trauma center with approximately 95,000 annual visits. Similar inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select patients in both groups. We conducted two-sample t-tests and Chi-square testing to assess for significance. Primary outcomes include length of stay and bounce-back rate. Results A total of 81 patients were included in our data set across both groups. Forty-three patients were included in our pre-EDOU group while 38 patients were treated in our EDOU once the protocol was implemented. Patients in both groups were of similar age, gender and had similar Injury Severity Scores (ISS) ranging from 9 to 14. Hospital length of stay was shorter for the EDOU group (31.5 hours) compared to the pre-EDOU group (36.4 hours) although not statistically significant. When risk stratified by ISS, hospital length of stay did reach statistical significance and was found to be shorter for patients with ISS scores greater than or equal to 9 that were treated in the EDOU (29.1 hours vs. 43.8 hours, p = .028). Both groups had one patient each bounce back for repeat evaluation and additional care. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential use of EDOUs to treat patients with mild to moderate blunt thoracic injuries. The availability of trauma surgeons for consultation along with ED provider experience may be rate-limiting steps in utilizing observation units to care for trauma patients. Additional research with more participants is needed to determine the impact of implementing such a practice at other institutions.

Bounce Backs Quality Improvement Projects Are of Low Yield and Often Lack Meaningful Teaching Points

Bounce Backs Quality Improvement Projects Are of Low Yield and Often Lack Meaningful Teaching Points

286 A Comparison of Teleburn to In-person Consultations of Pediatric Patients in a Children’s Emergency Department

Abstract Introduction Regional Burn Centers provide burn care but there are disparities in access to regional burn centers for pediatric patients. Teleburn is a tool that enables providers without a certified burn center to provide photos of a burn to experts and receive recommendations on burn care. Our facility implemented a Teleburn system in December 2019. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Teleburn system to the gold standard in-person consultation in regards to burn infection rate, clinic follow up rate, post-burn admission rate, and 72-hour bounce back rate. Methods Data was collected from December 2019-March 2022 through the electronic medical record. A total of 416 patient encounters that met criteria were analyzed. The criteria for a Teleburn encounter are displayed in Fig. 1 and this was the criteria applied to the in-person burn consults. A non-inferiority study was designed comparing proportional outcomes of telemedicine burn initial visits to emergency department visits in regard to burn infection rate, clinic follow up rate, post-burn admission rate, and 72-hour bounce back rate. The data were compared with a difference of greater than 10% being considered inferior. Results Amongst the patient encounters 45.6% were female and ages ranged from 7 weeks to 19 years. Most common burn type was scald at 47.5%, with thermal being second at 43.7%. No differences were identified in rates of readmission - 1.67% difference (95% CI -27%&amp;lt; x&amp;lt; 23.8%) and return within 72 hours – 0.7% difference (-18.4%&amp;lt; x&amp;lt; 19.7%). Teleburn patients were 12.6% less likely to follow up (2.7%&amp;lt; x&amp;lt; 22.40%). Only one infection was identified, which is insufficient to conclude non-inferiority in terms of infection events. Conclusions While convenient, Teleburn consult could not be demonstrated to be non-inferior to in-person consultation. No differences in infection rates were identified, and difference in readmission and return were clinically insignificant. Efforts to improve follow-up may prove successful in raising the standard to that of in person visits given the large geographic areas covered by most regional burn centers. Applicability of Research to Practice This research advocates for more enhancement of Teleburn consult systems for pediatric acute minor burns and presents easily surmountable limitations. This study demonstrates that telemedicine may be effective and feasible to regional burn centers if follow up can be improved.

Shaping a resilient future in response to COVID-19

Science today defines resilience as the capacity to live and develop with change and uncertainty, which is well beyond just the ability to ‘bounce back’ to the status quo. It involves the capacity to absorb shocks, avoid tipping points, navigate surprise and keep options alive, and the ability to innovate and transform in the face of crises and traps. Five attributes underlie this capacity: diversity, redundancy, connectivity, inclusivity and equity, and adaptive learning. There is a mismatch between the talk of resilience recovery after COVID-19 and the latest science, which calls for major efforts to align resilience thinking with sustainable development action. The concept of resilience, once meaning the ability to ‘bounce back’ to the status quo, now refers to the capacity to live and develop with change. A mismatch between the latest science of resilience and the talk of resilience recovery after COVID-19 requires resilience thinking to be aligned with sustainable development.

Novel Schemes of No-Slip Boundary Conditions for the Discrete Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme Based on the Moment Constraints.

The boundary conditions are crucial for numerical methods. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring boundary conditions for the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS). The importance and originality of this study are that it assesses and validates the novel schemes of the bounce back (BB), non-equilibrium bounce back (NEBB), and Moment-based boundary conditions for the DUGKS, which translate boundary conditions into constraints on the transformed distribution functions at a half time step based on the moment constraints. A theoretical assessment shows that both present NEBB and Moment-based schemes for the DUGKS can implement a no-slip condition at the wall boundary without slip error. The present schemes are validated by numerical simulations of Couette flow, Poiseuille flow, Lid-driven cavity flow, dipole-wall collision, and Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The present schemes of second-order accuracy are more accurate than the original schemes. Both present NEBB and Moment-based schemes are more accurate than the present BB scheme in most cases and have higher computational efficiency than the present BB scheme in the simulation of Couette flow at high Re. The present Moment-based scheme is more accurate than the present BB, NEBB schemes, and reference schemes in the simulation of Poiseuille flow and dipole-wall collision, compared to the analytical solution and reference data. Good agreement with reference data in the numerical simulation of Rayleigh-Taylor instability shows that they are also of use to the multiphase flow. The present Moment-based scheme is more competitive in boundary conditions for the DUGKS.

Perspective: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the resilience of the population

BackgroundA vital stakeholder in the successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic is the public. The degree of involvement of the population in managing the pandemic, and the leadership perception of the public, had a direct impact on the resilience of the population and level of adherence to the issued protective measures.Main bodyResilience refers to the ability to ‘bounce back’ or ‘bounce forward’ following adversity. Resilience facilitates community engagement which is a crucial component of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The article highlights six insights recognized in studies conducted in Israel during and following the pandemic concerning the resilience of the country’s population. (1) Contrary to varied adversities in which the community serves as an important support system to the individuals, this type of support was substantially impaired during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the need to maintain isolation, social distancing, and lockdowns. (2) Policy-making during the pandemic should be based on evidence-based data, rather than on assumptions made by decision-makers. This gap led the authorities during the pandemic to adopt measures that were ineffective, such as risk communication based on ‘scare tactics’ concerning the virus, when the highest risk perceived by the public was political instability. (3) Societal resilience is associated with the public’s behavior, such as with vaccine hesitancy and uptake. (4) Factors that affect the levels of resilience include, among others, self-efficacy (impacts individual resilience); social, institutional, and economic aspects as well as well-being (impact community resilience); and hope and trust in the leadership (impact societal resilience). (5) The public should be perceived as an asset in managing the pandemic, thus becoming a vital part of the ‘solution’. This will lead to a better understanding of the needs and expectations of the population and an applicable ‘tailoring’ of the messages that address the public. (6) The gap between science and policymaking must be bridged, to achieve optimal management of the pandemic.ConclusionsImproving preparedness for future pandemics should be based on a holistic view of all stakeholders, including the public as a valued partner, connectivity between policymakers and scientists, and strengthening the public’s resilience, by enhancing trust in authorities.

Effects of the Six C's Psychological First Aid Model on Acute Stress Responses in a Simulated Emergency Situation

Introduction:Arrival to the emergency room (ER) can increase stress levels in patients and family members. Thus, there is a need for a short and effective form of PFA provided by ER staff members, to reduce acute stress responses (ASR). Past studies have shown that psychological interventions based on emotional expression do not help to regulate extreme emotional expressions nor does it prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Alternatively, the Six C's model adopts a neuropsychological approach that focuses on cognitive communication, challenging for efficient activation, organizing the event's chronological order and reduction in loneliness by committing to stay with them. This experimental design study examined the effectiveness of the Six C's model on reducing signs of ASR.Method:Sixty-three participants (mean age 41.8 years) voluntarily took part. They were randomly assigned to the Six C's intervention (experimental condition) or to supportive emotional expression (control condition). They listened to a three minute audio recording of a real emergency 911 phone call. Interventions (SIX C's or emotional) were provided before and after listening to the recording. Before, immediately after, and five minutes after the recording, participants' anxiety, heart-rate variability (HRV) and mental resilience levels were measured.Results:For all three outcomes, the Time x Group interactions were statistically significant. Following "simple effects", analysis revealed that The Six Cs participants showed lower anxiety and less reductions in HRV and resilience than controls immediately after the stressor. Furthermore, the Six C's participants recovered faster on all three outcomes compared to controls, five minutes after the stressor.Conclusion:This study showed the Six C's model moderates people's ASR. Furthermore, the Six C's method helps people to "bounce back" faster psychologically and neuro-physiologically. These findings support using the Six C's model to reduce ASR and increase resilience, which is highly relevant to ER staff.

Does inflation trigger early repayment on Covid-19 UK guaranteed loans?

ABSTRACT The UK government underwrote more than 1.68 million business loans totalling £78.4bn during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the Bounce Back Loan (BBL) had a 100% guarantee and the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS) 80%, the public sector contingent liability is very large. In this article, we explore whether or not the recent and dramatic rises in UK inflation have prompted firms with COVID-19 BBL and CBILS guaranteed loans to repay their outstanding debt early (in advance of the full 6-year loan term as specified in the original loan agreement). Our results show that this was indeed the case with increasing inflation exerting a strong and positive effect on early loan repayment on both guarantee schemes. This is consistent with the firm’s debt aversion and a desire to reduce existing debts in anticipation of a future economic recession, liquidity problems and high interest rates.

Geographies of COVID‐19

Geographies of COVID‐19

Blueprints for well-being: Modeling the way through Human-Centered Leadership and Pathway to Excellence.

Blueprints for well-being: Modeling the way through Human-Centered Leadership and Pathway to Excellence.

“I earned the right to build the next American car”: How autoworkers and communities confront electric vehicles

Recent climate and infrastructure legislation in the United States emphasizes the accelerated manufacture and deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) as a major decarbonization strategy. The implications of this transition toward EVs on those who have traditionally worked within the automotive industry and surrounding communities have yet to be evaluated in the literature. It is unclear whether the move to EVs will create non-union positions that are hourly, temporary, and lower-paid. Through 67 focus groups across six deindustrializing cities in the American Midwest, we bring analytical tools from cultural sociology into the Just Transitions literature to examine how autoworkers, former autoworkers, managers, and community members imagine the future of the EV transition. Our findings underscore a marked divergence between the people who assemble cars and the people who manage workers or are part of communities that may benefit from new technologies. Managers and community members expressed confidence in the automobile industry's history of agility and ability to “bounce back” from challenges that confront it. In contrast, autoworkers held deep skepticism about the transition to EVs, on issues ranging from access, usefulness, and infrastructure, with many believing that the technology itself is over-hyped, not appropriate for consumers' needs, and merely a political charade. Workers suspect that their past contributions will be forgotten and express suspicion about the green energy transition. Our findings underscore the need to consider how differently situated groups imagine the future costs and benefits of energy transitions in order to effectively build coalitions across civil society, workers, and government.