University Of Colorado At Boulder Research Articles

University of Colorado and Black Swift Technologies RPAS-based measurements of the lower atmosphere during LAPSE-RATE

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) together with a variety of surface-based remote and in situ sensors as well as radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The observations from LAPSE-RATE were aimed at improving our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties, and surface–atmosphere exchange and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. The current paper describes the observations obtained using four different types of RPASs deployed by the University of Colorado Boulder and Black Swift Technologies. These included the DataHawk2, the Talon and the TTwistor (University of Colorado), and the S1 (Black Swift Technologies). Together, these aircraft collected over 30 h of data throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley, sampling altitudes between the surface and 914 m a.g.l. Data from these platforms are publicly available through the Zenodo archive and are co-located with other LAPSE-RATE data as part of the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 27 May 2021). The primary DOIs for these datasets are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3891620 (DataHawk2, de Boer et al., 2020a, e), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4096451 (Talon, de Boer et al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4110626 (TTwistor, de Boer et al., 2020b), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861831 (S1, Elston and Stachura, 2020).

Information seeking behaviors of environmental journalists

Journalists and librarians share a common goal of providing information to the public, yet very little is known about how journalists’ information seeking behavior intersects with libraries. This case study seeks to understand the information seeking behavior of environmental journalists by investigating how their information needs intersect with the library and how their information seeking behavior changed over the course of their 9-month fellowship at the University of Colorado Boulder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven environmental journalists at the beginning and end of their fellowship, while an open coding approach was used to identify themes. Generally, study participants conducted research by (1) identifying a story idea and conducting a preliminary search, (2) expanding their knowledge on the topic through scientific articles and interviews with experts, (3) conducting field research, and (4) completing research when information is redundant and they are confident with their knowledge. This process, and their growing feelings of confidence as they conducted research, were similar to, but not exactly, Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process model. Their interactions with the library were mostly limited to accessing books and articles. Overall, there was little change in the participants’ information seeking behavior, possibly due to limited time to learn new resources, reliance on preexisting research habits, professional competence, and lack of awareness of library services (e.g. librarians, workshops, and public academic library access). An understanding of journalists’ information seeking behavior can help librarians conduct instruction and outreach efforts that address journalists’ information needs.

About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Piloting During a Pandemic

Key TakeawaysFour pilot teams shared experiences with piloting during the COVID‐19 pandemic, emphasizing that thoughtful planning streamlines the piloting process while mitigating the risk of transmitting illness.Remote access to and control of pilot equipment, along with the use of virtual communication platforms, enabled teams to successfully perform pilot‐scale studies.Operating pilot systems through the pandemic allowed teams to respond to drastic changes on a small scale to mitigate risks around full‐scale processes at the treatment plant.

Inside World War One? The First World War and Its Witnesses. Edited by Richard Bessel and Dorothee Wierling. Studies of the German Historical Institute London. Edited by Andreas Gestrich. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. x+346. $104.00.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsInside World War One? The First World War and Its Witnesses. Edited by Richard Bessel and Dorothee Wierling. Studies of the German Historical Institute London. Edited by Andreas Gestrich. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. x+346. $104.00.Martha HannaMartha HannaUniversity of Colorado Boulder Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 93, Number 2June 2021 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/713871 Views: 219Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Ethical Consumerism, Democratic Values, and Justice

Philosophy & Public AffairsVolume 49, Issue 3 p. 237-274 Original Article Ethical Consumerism, Democratic Values, and Justice Brian Berkey, Corresponding Author bberkey@wharton.upenn.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-027X Search for more papers by this author Brian Berkey, Corresponding Author bberkey@wharton.upenn.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-027X Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12191 This paper has been influenced, in different ways, by three wonderful philosophers who sadly passed away recently, all much too young. The first is Waheed Hussain, whose important work has given shape to the debates to which this paper aims to contribute. I never got the chance to speak with Waheed about this paper in particular, but I was fortunate enough to meet him on a couple of occasions, and to benefit from his sharp wit and penetrating intellect. The second is Stephen White, with whom I had a very helpful discussion at the 2020 Central Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association. And the third is Rachelle Bascara, who attended a talk that I gave on a very early draft of the paper at the Association for Social and Political Philosophy in 2016, and with whom I had an extremely helpful discussion afterwards. I am also grateful to audiences at the 2016 International Conference on Economic Philosophy, the 2016 Association for Social and Political Philosophy Conference, the 2016 Society for Applied Philosophy Conference, the 2016 North American Society for Social Philosophy Conference, the 2017 Transatlantic Normative Business Ethics Workshop, the 2020 Workshop on Morals, Markets, and Market-Based Societies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, the Georgetown University Institute for the Study of Markets and Ethics, the 2021 Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, and the Penn Normative Philosophy Group. Caleb Pickard provided excellent comments at the Boulder Workshop, as did Amanda Greene at the Eastern APA. For very helpful written comments, I am grateful to Craig Agule, Justin Bernstein, Ewan Kingston, Amy Sepinwall, and two anonymous Associate Editors for this journal. I have also benefitted from discussions with Sahar Akhtar, Eilidh Beaton, Amy Berg, Sandrine Blanc, David Boonin, Jason Brennan, Vince Buccola, Adam Burgos, Chetan Cetty, Lee-Ann Chae, Rutger Claasen, Nico Cornell, Geert Demuijnck, Tom Donaldson, Ryan Doody, David Faraci, Brian Feinstein, Harrison Frye, Mike Gadomski, Axel Gosseries, Mark Hanin, Nicole Hassoun, Lisa Herzog, Rob Hughes, Peter Jaworski, Julian Jonker, Errol Lord, Emily McGill, Susan Sauvé Meyer, Tom Mulligan, Pierre-Yves Néron, Eric Orts, Govind Persad, Alexander Reese, Eric Sampson, Amanda Shanor, Patrick Taylor Smith, Alan Strudler, Preston Werner, Florian Wettstein, and Youngbin Yoon. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume49, Issue3Summer 2021Pages 237-274 RelatedInformation

Just 2% of SARS-CoV-2−positive individuals carry 90% of the virus circulating in communities

We analyze data from the fall 2020 pandemic response efforts at the University of Colorado Boulder, where more than 72,500 saliva samples were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using qRT-PCR. All samples were collected from individuals who reported no symptoms associated with COVID-19 on the day of collection. From these, 1,405 positive cases were identified. The distribution of viral loads within these asymptomatic individuals was indistinguishable from what has been previously observed in symptomatic individuals. Regardless of symptomatic status, ∼50% of individuals who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 seem to be in noninfectious phases of the disease, based on having low viral loads in a range from which live virus has rarely been isolated. We find that, at any given time, just 2% of individuals carry 90% of the virions circulating within communities, serving as viral "supercarriers" and possibly also superspreaders.

Engineering the Future of Outreach

While academic libraries strive to meaningfully engage their campus communities, it can be hard to imagine new and creative outreach strategies. InfoMotion, a customized tricycle, is the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries’ “vehicle” to meet patrons where they are and embed ourselves in the campus community. InfoMotion was mobile and eye-catching, but it was cumbersome as we navigated campus pathways. The authors discuss their institutional context and describe an impactful partnership with engineering students to design an electric-assist system for InfoMotion. This collaboration resulted in a more user-friendly way for Libraries personnel to engage with the campus community, and helped the authors learn about student information needs while building relationships with engineering faculty and students.

A Body of Knowledge and Pedagogy for Global Engineering

Global engineers must be taught to consider the historical and present causes of persistent poverty and systematic barriers to prosperity. Such training will better inform the choices engineers make and help move the engineering sector away from a product and community-level focus towards working to address the root causes of poverty. A framing for Global Engineering has recently been proposed by the Mortenson Center in Global Engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, building on over 15 years of curricular efforts. Global Engineering, as taught by the Mortenson Center, positions the field as a complement to Global Health and Development Economics while further embracing a historically contextualized and anti-colonial training.

An Astronomer’s Journey into Quantitative Reasoning

The University of Colorado Boulder campus introduced what may have been the world’s first quantitative reasoning (QR) requirement in 1984 and started offering a QR course in 1988. Although I am an astronomer by training, I had the privilege of creating and teaching that course, which led to my co-authorship of the first textbook directed specifically at QR courses. In this “Roots and Seeds” piece, I will discuss how this course and textbook came to be, how I as an astronomer ended up involved in it, and how this work has connected with other aspects of my career.

Keep Writing Weird: A Call for Eco-Administration and Engaged Writing Programs

Influenced by ecological theories of writing, the author proposes a new model for writing curriculum design and community-based projects. The article provides a project of the Writing Initiative for Service and Engagement at the University of Colorado Boulder as an example of programmatic engagement with a community issue using an ecological methodology.

Judge rules against university

CASE NAME: Moudden v. The University of Colorado Boulder, et al., No. 18‐cv‐2514 (D. Colo. 12/20/19).

C&EN talks with Jose-Luis Jimenez, aerosol expert

An academic researcher’s frenetic life sounds relaxing to Jose-Luis Jimenez these days. Since March, the analytical and atmospheric chemist at the University of Colorado Boulder has worked nonstop, urging the US Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization to acknowledge that airborne aerosols play an important role in transmitting COVID-19. He’s one of 239 experts in multiple scientific fields who in July signed an open letter to the agencies ( Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa939 ). The CDC has since updated its stance, stating that inhalation is the main mode of transmission of the novel coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. As of C&EN’s deadline, the WHO’s guidance still suggests a minor role for aerosols . To Jimenez, the CDC’s update was a long time coming, and the WHO’s position is a start but not enough. So he has gone directly to the public, explaining in interviews and written

Influenza’s Progress: The Great Epizootic Flu of 1872–1873 in the North American West

Research Article| January 01 2021 Influenza’s Progress: The Great Epizootic Flu of 1872–1873 in the North American West Thomas G. Andrews Thomas G. Andrews THOMAS G. ANDREWS is Professor of History at the University of Colorado Boulder. His first book, Killing for Coal: America’s Deadliest Labor War (2008), won six awards, including the Bancroft Prize. His most recent book, Coyote Valley: Deep History in the High Rockies (2015), is an environmental history of the Colorado headwaters region of Rocky Mountain National Park. He is now working on a multi-book project on human-animal relationships in U.S. history. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (2021) 89 (1): 4–30. https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.1.0004 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Thomas G. Andrews; Influenza’s Progress: The Great Epizootic Flu of 1872–1873 in the North American West. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 2021; 89 (1): 4–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.1.0004 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2021 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2021 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Éloge du mauvais lecteur par Maxime Decout

Reviewed by: Éloge du mauvais lecteur par Maxime Decout Warren Motte Decout, Maxime. Éloge du mauvais lecteur. Minuit, 2021. ISBN 978-2-7073-4662-9. Pp. 147. The appeal of this book becomes evident in its very first pages. It is both learned and amusing, non-sectarian and critically pluralistic. It is pleasantly discursive and intellectually invigorating. It is moreover distinctly engaging. That latter feature is nourished in the first instance by Decout's rhetorical decision to address his reader directly in the second person, switching to the first person plural when he seeks to invoke a commonality of experience. He launches his study with a contention that may seem obvious: "[N]ous ne lisons pas tous de la même façon" (7). As we scan that difference, that multiplicity, we identify the "bad" reader, easily defined as that other person, the one who does not read like we do. Decout suggests, however, that bad readers may have something to offer us, insofar as their readings are active rather than passive, and are often animated by creative impulses that we "good" readers repress. He urges us to think about good and bad readings in new ways, inviting us to consider literature in long focus. The examples that he offers in support of his argument are well chosen and widely ranging, from Cervantes, Montaigne, and Sterne; to Chateaubriand, Balzac, and Flaubert; to Proust, Kafka, and Joyce; to Chevillard, Viel and Senges. Bad reading was long considered a very dangerous thing, Decout points out; and if bad readers were easily identified (Don Quixote, Emma Bovary, for instance), good readers were defined mostly by implication. Until the twentieth century that is, and the work of figures like Sartre, Barthes, Booth, Eco, Riffaterre, and Iser. More recently still, as part of a broad reconsideration of readerly practices, certain critics have begun to question those normative formulations, and certain writers have begun to furnish space intended to promote freer readings, ones less constrained by textual prescriptions. "La mauvaise lecture, malgré ses aberrations, a ses vertus," argues Decout, "surtout quand elle est plus sage que la bonne lecture" (67). He points out that bad reading comes in an astonishing variety of shapes. It can result from fetishism, fanaticism, or fantasy. It can be fueled by naiveté or by an excess of erudition, by projection of subjectivity, or by a strained and threadbare objectivism. It can be leisurely in character or aggressively programmatic. In extreme instances, it can be interventionist, seeking to change what the text provides as notionally given—and here, as elsewhere in the book, the influence of Pierre Bayard can be detected, most particularly the dimension of his work that Bayard has designated as a kind of "critique d'amélioration." In its best expressions, bad reading responds more readily to our readerly desire than good reading. The playful, puckish tone in which Decout invites us to serve an apprenticeship in bad reading functions [End Page 221] to leaven more sober considerations. For at its most fundamental level, Éloge du mauvais lecteur is an eloquent, ardent brief for a more mobile, agile, resourceful, creative sort of reading, one that might accommodate that most elusive and precious of readerly attitudes: joy. Warren Motte University of Colorado Boulder Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Science and Society: Integrating Historical Science Materials Into an Undergraduate Biology Course

<em>Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education</em> (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2011) stresses the importance of fostering an understanding of the relationship between science and society. We describe a library-based activity that enables students in an undergraduate microbiology class to explore this relationship over the course of centuries, with the library functioning as a laboratory. Students are guided by a worksheet as they explore historical materials such as books, newspapers, letters, government publications, articles, scientific treatises, and artifacts. Working in pairs, students answer questions about the content and reflect on how the ideas in the documents relate to the scientific understanding at the time. Exploring authentic materials in a library setting provides a powerful learning experience. This activity was also successful using digitized documents during the COVID-19 pandemic, when remote teaching was required. Student responses to a post-activity questionnaire indicated that the activity sparked a keen interest in the history of science as well as introspection about the relationship between science and society. This approach can be generalized for different biology courses and education levels. <em>Primary image:&nbsp;</em> Students examining historical books and microscopes.&nbsp;Students working in pairs to complete worksheet questions during one of two visits to the University of Colorado Boulder&rsquo;s Special Collections.

Le pont de Bezons par Jean Rolin

Reviewed by: Le pont de Bezons par Jean Rolin Warren Motte Rolin, Jean. Le pont de Bezons. P.O.L, 2020. ISBN 978-2-8180-4911-2. Pp. 238. When Jean Rolin decides to walk along the Seine from Melun to Mantes, he knows that his project is a bit absurd and quirky. He is further aware that the site he has chosen as the pivotal point of that project seems utterly arbitrary. His commitment thereto is nevertheless unshakable: "Heureux celui qui a vu le jour se lever sur le pont de Bezons" (9). Throughout his career, Rolin has indulged his taste for places that other people typically overlook: neglected, insignificant, and largely undefined sites on the margins of things. He returns again and again to those places, most particularly in books such as Zones (1995), Traverses (1999), La clôture (2002), Terminal Frigo (2005), and Savannah (2015). In this most recent book, he draws our attention to the culture of those disregarded spaces, to the way that their eclectic character puts conventional ways of imagining culture into question. Here, Gustave Caillebotte's house rubs elbows with a Buffalo Grill; one is in conversation both with the local mailman and with Madame de Sévigné; one's thoughts turn to René Char, then to Britney Spears, and back again. Rolin reflects upon ornithology, and the plight of Syrian refugees, and the phenomenon of the gilets jaunes. He observes a cemetery caretaker reading a thick volume, and imagines it to be War and Peace, but no, it is a book by Joël Dicker. He invites us to visit fields of lettuce and disaffected military installations. He offers us glimpses of his own family history, some of them not conspicuously flattering. His tone is melancholic and nostalgic—even though he [End Page 262] recognizes that the past he imagines is largely fantasized. The rhythm of the book is that of walking. In itself, such a feature is not new. One thinks for instance of certain Romantic poets, or of contemporary figures from Jacques Réda to Jacques Roubaud. Neither is the concern for marginal space absolutely original, for surely Rolin owes something to previous experiments, like Julio Cortázar and Carol Dunlop's Les autonautes de la cosmoroute, ou un voyage intemporel Paris-Marseille (1983) or François Maspero's Les passagers du Roissy-Express (1990). Rolin's book shines most brightly by virtue of its style. He writes an extraordinary sentence, long and consciously dilatory, beautifully constructed, consistently beguiling. One could point to any page of this book in support of that claim, but here is an example, chosen among many others: "Inévitablement, en marchant le long des berges de la Seine, outre qu'il est très rare que survienne un événement quelconque, ou même une simple rencontre, à moins de l'avoir suscitée, on retombe de loin en loin sur des spectacles identiques à quelques détails près, dont l'un des plus courants est celui d'un convoyeur à bande transportant au-dessus du quai ou du chemin de halage des céréales en vrac ou d'autres marchandises moins nobles, telles que des matériaux de construction" (74). Writing like that is something special; it deserves not only to be read, but to be celebrated. Warren Motte University of Colorado Boulder Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

An austrian avant-garde ed. by Patrick Greaney and Sabine Zelger

Reviewed by: an austrian avant-garde ed. by Patrick Greaney and Sabine Zelger Helga Mitterbauer Patrick Greaney and Sabine Zelger, eds., an austrian avant-garde. Translated by Patrick Greaney with additional translations by Ana Jelnikar and Stephen Watts. Los Angeles: Les Figues Press, 2020. 352 pp. The volume an austrian avant-garde, edited by Patrick Greaney, who also translated the German literary texts into English and teaches at the German studies program of the University of Colorado Boulder, and Sabine Zelger, who teaches German pedagogy at the Hochschule Vienna/Krems, definitely offers a fresh view on its subject. By using the indefinite article "a," the two editors mark their "distance from attempts to identify […] with a single understanding of avant-garde practices" (16). This opens the field in several directions: in time, as the volume covers a period from the 1950s until today; in writers represented and in genre, by reaching far beyond prose; and in giving up the claim to be "on the forefront" of a new trend—usually considered inherent in the definition of avant-garde. By emphasizing the conflicting potential of the idea, the editors attempt to include a wider range of writers and emphasize the role exclusion plays in constituting the avant-garde. Given this, the title of the introduction, "Everything Can Also Be Called Something Else," can be read as a programmatic guideline for the arrangement of the texts. An extremely open conceptualization of avant-garde such as this and the lack of a clear definition of the term may disappoint some readers. However, it is very important that a volume like this has been published: [End Page 174] First of all, it gives insight into a field of Austrian literature that is definitely worth reading. Editing an English volume of texts that are often hermetic and challenging for every translator has to be recognized as very meritorious. The choice of texts integrated in the publication is also striking: Greaney and Zelger have chosen a feminist approach to the Austrian avant-garde that is usually connected with the Vienna group around Friedrich Achleitner, H. C. Artmann, Konrad Bayer, Gerhard Rühm, and Oswald Wiener. Aside from all the credit they deserve for their anti-conservative transcending of Austrian postwar literature, which was still being written within the frame of Nazi aesthetics, this group is also notorious for its misogynistic attitude toward the production of female writers and artists. Well-known remarks by Elfriede Gerstl, Friederike Mayröcker, VALIE EXPORT, and others bear witness that women were only accepted at their tables in the Viennese cafés as long they remained silent. By focusing on "Another Avant-garde," Greaney and Zelger shine a light exactly on Austrian female writers of the avant-garde who are still underrated. This statement concerns the generation of Ilse Aichinger, Gerstl, and Mayröcker as well as the following generation with Margret Kreidl and Ilse Kilic and the even younger one featuring Ann Cotten, Kathrin Röggla, and Lisa Spalt. A volume on Austrian avant-garde with a feminist approach would certainly not be complete without a contribution by Nobel Prize laureate Elfriede Jelinek. Her play After Nora (2013) completes a triumvirate of outspoken feminist texts. While Jelinek's play criticizes the capitalization of fashion, Margret Kreidl's "dramolett" (a term of Jelinek's) Ladies' Program (2005), denouncing the social pressure put on women, demonstrates the great poetic strength of this Viennese writer. Although the editors emphasize their feminist approach, the volume is well balanced for texts written by female and by male writers: with the exception of Oswald Wiener, examples by all members of the Vienna Group can be found in the volume; texts penned by Heimrad Bäcker—whose journal and edition neue texte served as an important vehicle for publication by avantgarde writers in the 1970s and 1980s—and by Andreas Okopenko (one of the authors orbiting around the Vienna Group) are also integrated in the volume. Further, we find an excerpt from Herbert J. Wimmer's volume Membran reflecting on the loss of his long-term companion Elfriede Gerstl, with whom he co-authored books as well as their cards. An important discovery are the computer-generated...

Elle, la mère par Emmanuel Chaussade

Reviewed by: Elle, la mère par Emmanuel Chaussade Warren Motte Chaussade, Emmanuel. Elle, la mère. Minuit, 2021. ISBN 978-2-7073-4671-1. Pp. 94. When Tolstoy offered his famous remark about unhappy families, he was surely not thinking of the kind of family that Emmanuel Chaussade describes in this, his first novel. For the state of this family beggars the notion of unhappiness, so deeply is it marked by catastrophe of every imaginable sort. At ninety-four pages, Elle, la mère is clearly no Anna Karenina. Nonetheless, it brims with event, with character, and with stories. It focuses upon a mother and her son. Both are anonymous (though on two occasions we are encouraged to infer that the latter's name is "Gabriel"). The narrative point of view is that of the son, but the story is told in the third person, rather than the first, a technique that affords the son some distance, and likewise serves to keep we readers at a safe affective remove. The novel begins with the mother's funeral, at which the son is the lone mourner. The mood of the tale does not brighten in any significant way thereafter, as the son tries to understand who his mother actually was, seeking out her origins, her experience, and the source of the misery that bedeviled her, and that constitutes his principal inheritance. He understands that she spent her entire life in moral paralysis—"La mère est vivante à l'extérieur, morte à l'intérieur" (58)—and he wonders if he is not condemned to follow her example. He discovers a multigenerational story of neglect, indifference, violence, and abuse wherein men rape their sisters-in-law and mothers sexually abuse their sons. In some cases, this "Gabriel" is obliged to do a considerable amount of excavation to uncover these events, such is the way this family hushes its scandals. In other cases, the "secret" is right before his eyes, yet recognizing and acknowledging it nevertheless proves challenging. Others do not welcome the revelations of family secrets, however. When late in life the mother begins to tell hard truths about her family, the son's siblings take care to silence her, arranging for her to be interned in a psychiatric hospital: "À leurs yeux, elle est l'unique dépositaire de leur propre folie" (74). All this to say that there is very little light on the horizon of this novel, where things go from bad to worse in an unrelenting manner. Chaussade practices a very effective strategy of saturation here, using techniques of accretion and iteration to argue the persistence of wrongdoing in a family unwilling ever to confront and denounce it. The chronic nature of that dynamic suggests that it will indeed persist. However, Chaussade invites us to reflect upon the son's quest and its consequences. Though there is no question of definitive relief, one wonders whether the son may expect any therapeutic effect, however modest, beyond the most salient result of his inquiries, that is, a most difficult story, very well told. [End Page 256] Warren Motte University of Colorado Boulder Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Quantification and source characterization of volatile organic compounds from exercising and application of chlorine‐based cleaning products in a university athletic center

Humans spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, impacting their own air quality through occupancy and activities. Human VOC emissions indoors from exercise are still relatively uncertain, and questions remain about emissions from chlorine-based cleaners. To investigate these and other issues, the ATHLETic center study of Indoor Chemistry (ATHLETIC) campaign was conducted in the weight room of the Dal Ward Athletic Center at the University of Colorado Boulder. Using a Vocus Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (Vocus PTR-TOF), an Aerodyne Gas Chromatograph (GC), an Iodide-Chemical Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (I-CIMS), and Picarro cavity ringdown spectrometers, we alternated measurements between the weight room and supply air, allowing for determination of VOC, NH3 , H2 O, and CO2 emission rates per person (emission factors). Human-derived emission factors were higher than previous studies of measuring indoor air quality in rooms with individuals at rest and correlated with increased CO2 emission factors. Emission factors from personal care products (PCPs) were consistent with previous studies and typically decreased throughout the day. In addition, N-chloraldimines were observed in the gas phase after the exercise equipment was cleaned with a dichlor solution. The chloraldimines likely originated from reactions of free amino acids with HOCl on gym surfaces.