The object of study in this paper is the Faiveley CX-PG pantograph. We first used the large-eddy simulation (LES) model to simulate the surrounding fluctuating flow field. We then identified the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph via the Q criterion, and performed a Fourier transform on the fluctuating pressure. We finally used the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation to predict the far-field radiation noise of the pantograph. Through these steps, we explored the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph, aeroacoustic performance of the pantograph's main components, and the relationship between them, and proposed corresponding acoustic optimization countermeasures. The results showed that the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph varied with time and had a certain periodicity, and that the sound source intensity of the pantograph was mainly distributed in the bottom frame, three insulators, balance beam, upper arm frame, and lower arm. The sound source energy of these components accounted for approximately 92% of the total energy; the influencing factors for the aerodynamic sound source intensity of the pantograph included the shedding positions and vorticities of the vortex structures as well as whether it was located in the wake of the vortex structures. The aerodynamic noise of the pantograph could be effectively controlled by adjusting the vortex shedding position, reducing the vorticities of the vortex structures, increasing the distance between the mutually interfering components, setting the diversion structure to control the discharge area of the vortex structures. The sound source energy of the bottom frame area accounted for more than 50% of the total energy; a settlement platform or shroud could be installed to effectively control the noise in the area, thereby effectively reducing the noise radiated by the pantograph. The simulation results in this paper were in good agreement with the wind tunnel test results and theoretical results, and can provide a reference for the optimal design of future acoustics for the pantograph.