Bostrychus Sinensis Research Articles

Characterization of interferon-stimulated gene 15 from Bostrychus sinensis: Cloning, expression and functional analyses

In this study, the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (referred to as BsISG15) was sequenced and characterized in Bostrychus sinensis. BsISG15 encodes a 155-amino-acid protein weighing ∼17 kDa, featuring two conserved ubiquitin-like domains and an LRGG conjugation motif at the C-terminal. The real-time PCR assays revealed constitutive expression of the BsISG15 gene in all examined organs of healthy B. sinensis, with the peripheral blood showing the highest level of expression. The expression levels of the BsISG15 gene in the head kidney, liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of B. sinensis were significantly altered by both poly (I:C) stimulation and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Western blot analyses showed that the expression of the BsISG15 protein was induced in both the liver and spleen of B. sinensis infected with either poly (I:C) or bacteria, with a concomitant increase in the levels of protein ISGylation, particularly evident in the bacterial-infected liver tissues. Besides, Western blot analyses have demonstrated that head kidney lymphocytes of B. sinensis are capable of secreting the free BsISG15 protein. The recombinant BsISG15 protein significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species, synthesis of NO, and phagocytosis in macrophages from B. sinensis and also upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (IFNg, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in these cells. Knockdown of endogenous BsISG15 elevated the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting a negative regulation of BsISG15 on the inflammatory response in macrophages. The results indicate that BsISG15 plays a significant role in the innate antiviral and antibacterial immunity of B. sinensis.

Morphological and transcriptional analysis of sexual differentiation and gonadal development in a burrowing fish, the four-eyed sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis)

Four-eyed sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis) is a commercially important sea water fish, and the male individuals exhibit significant advantages in somatic growth and stress resistance, so developing sex control strategy to create all-male progeny will produce higher economic value. However, little is known about the genetic background associated with sex differentiation in this species. In this study, we investigated gonadal development and uncovered critical window stages of sexual differentiation (about 2 mph), transition from proliferation to differentiation in female germ stem cells (GSCs) (2–3 mph) and male GSCs (3–4 mph). De novo transcriptome analysis revealed candidate genes and signaling pathways associated with sexual differentiation and gonadal development in four-eyed sleeper. The results showed that sox9 and zglp1 were the earliest sex-biased transcription factors during sex differentiation. Down-regulation of chemokine, cytokines-cytokine receptors and up-regulation of cellular senescence pathway might be involved in GSC differentiation. Weighted gene correlation network analysis showed that metabolic pathway and occludin were the hub signaling and gene in ovarian development, meanwhile the MAPK signaling pathways, cellular senescence pathway and ash1l (histone H3-lysine4 N-trimethyltransferase) were the hub pathways and gene in testicular development. The present work elucidated the developmental processes of sexual differentiation and gonadal development and revealed their associated revealed genes and signaling pathways in four-eyed sleeper, providing theoretical basis for developing sex-control techniques.

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the functional groups and niche of benthic crustaceans and fishes in mangrove wetland.

To investigate the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on mangrove wetland ecosystem, the benthic crustacean and fish samples were collected using cage nets in Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove Wetland, Fujian Pro-vince in August 2020, January and April 2021. The five sampling sites included two mangroves (Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata) sites, two S. alterniflora sites, and one mudflat site. The abundance, biomass, index of relative importance (IRI), Shannon diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (J), and Margalef richness index (D) were used to quantify the dominant species and species diversity of benthic crustaceans and fishes. The functional groups and niche of dominant species were also analyzed. A total of 37 species, from 2 phyla, 2 classes, 8 orders, and 17 families, were identified across the three seasons. Most of them were warm-water and euryhaline species, mainly carnivorous and omnivorous functional groups. The results of two-way analysis of variance and NMDS showed that the community diversity index of benthic crustacean and fish did not change significantly after the invasion of S. alterniflora compared with mudflat. Functional groups had changed significantly, with the species number of plankton functional groups, carnivorous and phytophagous functional groups being increased. Compared with mangrove sites, the number of species of benthic crustacean and fish in S. alterniflora sites was significantly increased. The spatio-temporal niche breadth of dominant species ranged from 0 to 1.4186, with Liza carinata (1.4186), Bostrychus sinensis (1.0168), Metapenaeus ensis (0.9469) and Exopalaemon carinicauda (0.8922) as the top four species.

Accumulation of nutrients and potentially toxic elements in plants and fishes in restored mangrove ecosystems in South China.

Mangroves are highly dynamic ecosystems that offer important services such as maintaining biodiversity, filtering pollutants, and providing habitats for fishes. We investigated the uptake and accumulation of nutrients and potentially toxic elements in mangrove plants and fish to better understand the role of mangrove restoration in maintaining mangrove biota quality. In mangrove plants, the average bioconcentration factors of nutrients and potentially toxic elements were in the order P > Pb > Mn > Mg > Se > Zn > Hg > Cu > Cd > As > Co > Cr > Ni > Fe > V > Sb, where only P (all plant species) and Pb (Sonneratia apetala Buchanan-Hamilton) had a BCF > 1.0 in mangrove plants. In general, Sonneratia spp. had better performances than Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce, Aegiceras corniculatum (Linn.) Blanco and Acanthus ilicifolius L. Sp. in terms of nutrient uptake and toxic metal(loid)s accumulation, and the best uptake capacity was found in S. apetala. Fast growth and easy adaptation make S. apetala suitable for a restored mangrove ecosystem, but continual management is needed to prevent its suppression of mangrove species diversity. The concentration of As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Cr and Pb in the mangrove sediment were 30-220% higher than the Chinese National Standard of Marine Sediment Quality Class I limits, suggesting that the sediments were unsuitable for aquaculture and nature reserves. Although a higher toxic metal(loid)s concentration in the sediment was found, the target hazard quotient (THQ) of this toxic metal(loid)s in 5 mangrove habitat fishes was <1.0, except THQ of Pb in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris Linnaeus was 1.17, and THQ of Cr in Bostrychus sinensis Lacépède was 1.12. The low THQ (less than 1.0) of mangrove habitat fishes suggested that the restored mangrove system could alleviate the bioaccumulation of toxic metal(loid)s in mangrove fish.

Drivers of temporal variations in fish assemblages from mangrove creeks in Beihai, southern China.

Mangroves are regarded as important settlement grounds and nurseries for fishes due to the sheltered nature of these ecosystems. To identify the drivers of temporal variations in fish assemblages, seasonal variations of fish assemblages and environmental variables were investigated in Nanliu River Estuary, China, from July 2019 to May 2020. In total, 17,680 individuals weighing 24,724.73 g belonging to 23 families and 45 species were collected. The dominant species were Ambassis urotaenia, Mugil cephalus, Coptodon zillii, Gambusia affinis, and Bostrychus sinensis. Fish assemblages were significantly different in seasonal periodicity according to the results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed that species richness, fish abundance, and biomass were significantly different, seasonally. The highest number of fish specimens captured was recorded in winter and summer, while the highest biomass was observed in autumn. Different ecological types of fish utilized mangroves in different ways. Hence, the findings in this study are instrumental in understanding and the conservation of mangroves even coastal wetland and fish resources in the process of mangrove restorations.

Production of functional sperm from in vitro-cultured premeiotic spermatogonia in a marine fish.

In vitro production of functional gametes can revolutionize reproduction by reducing generation intervals and accelerating genetic breeding in aquaculture, especially in fish with relatively long generations. Nevertheless, functional sperm production from in vitro-cultured spermatogonia remains a challenge in most aquaculture fish. In this study, we isolated and characterized premeiotic spermatogonia from marine four-eyed sleepers (Bostrychus sinensis), which are prone to ovotesticular or sterile testicular development, and induced the differentiation of the spermatogonia into flagellated sperm in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Artificial insemination indicated that the in vitro-derived sperm were capable of fertilizing mature oocytes to develop into normal larvae. Furthermore, melatonin significantly promoted spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and thus increased the efficiency in functional sperm production. The 3D culture system and resulting functional sperm hold great promise for improving the genetic breeding of aquaculture fish.

Variation in the Allometry of Morphometric Characteristics, Growth, and Condition Factors of Wild Bostrychus sinensis (Butidae) in Northern Vietnam

Variation in the Allometry of Morphometric Characteristics, Growth, and Condition Factors of Wild Bostrychus sinensis (Butidae) in Northern Vietnam

ADDITIONAL DATA ON SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FISH IN TIEN HAI WETLAND NATURE RESERVE, THAI BINH PROVINCE

Mangrove forests are important for many fish species, but this information is still poorly understood in Vietnam. Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the core areas of the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve, where mangrove forests are presented. To provide fundamental data for a better understanding of the role of mangroves for fishes, three surveys in March, July, and August 2019 at 5 stations within Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve were conducted. A total of 817 individuals were collected and 65 species belonging to 54 genera, 28 families of 11 orders were identified. Of the 11 orders, Perciformes was the most diverse in a number of families, and Gobiiformes was dominant in the number of species. Of the 65 species, three were listed in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007), i.e., Bostrychus sinensis as CR level, Clupanodon thrissa as EN level, Konosirus punctatus as VU level, and an invasive alien species (Oreochromis mossambicus). The present study added 15 species to the study site and 10 fish to the lowland of the Red River in comparison with previous works. In the additional list, there were some typical species, which are associated with mangrove forests, such as Escualosa thoracata, Muraenichthuys gymnopterus, and 17 species of gobies. The ichthyofauna in Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve was different from Phu Long mangrove forests (in Hai Phong), and significantly different from Van Uc estuary (in Hai Phong) and Bung Binh Thien wetland (in An Giang). These findings will be valuable for fish conservation and fisheries resources development in the study area.

The CXC Chemokine Receptors in Four-Eyed Sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis) and Their Involvement in Responding to Skin Injury.

CXC Chemokine signaling plays an important role in wound healing. The four-eyed sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis) is a commercially important marine fish, which is prone to suffer skin ulceration at high temperature seasons, leading to mass mortality of fish in aquaculture farms. The genetic background related to skin ulceration and wound healing has remained unknown in this fish. Herein, we identified 10 differentially expressed Bostrychus sinensis CXC chemokine receptors (BsCXCRs) in skin ulcerated fish by de novo transcriptome sequencing. The transcripts of these BsCXCRs were classified in seven types, including BsCXCR1a/1b, BsCXCR2, BsCXCR3a1/3a2, BsCXCR4a/4b, and BsCXCR5-7, and BsCXCR6 was the first CXCR6 homologue experimentally identified in teleost fish. These BsCXCRs were further characterized in gene and protein structures, as well as phylogenetics, and the results revealed that BsCXCRs have expanded to divergent homologues. Our results showed that, in healthy fish, the BsCXCR transcripts was mainly distributed in the muscle and immune related organs, and that BsCXCR1a/1b proteins located in the cytomembrane, BsCXCR4a/4b/5/6 in the cytomembrane and perinuclear region, and BsCXCR3a1/3a2/7 in the cytomembrane, perinuclear region, and nuclear membrane, respectively. In skin injured fish, the transcripts of all BsCXCRs were transiently increased within one hour after injury, suggesting the involvement of BsCXCRs into the early inflammatory response to skin injury in the four-eyed sleeper. These results are valuable for understanding the evolutionary events of fish CXCR genes and provide insights into the roles of CXCR family in fish skin injury.

Identification and characterization of the c-type lysozyme gene from a marine fish, Bostrychus sinensis

In this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (BsLyzC) was identified and characterized from a marine fish, Bostrychus sinensis. The BsLyzC encodes 154 amino acids and contains a signal peptide of 17 amino acids, two catalytic residues and eight cysteine residues. The genomic DNA of BsLyzC consists of four exons and three introns. The BsLyzC shares high sequence similarity with c-type lysozyme from other fish species. The qPCR assays indicated that the BsLyzC exhibited a constitutive expression pattern in eleven examined tissues of healthy B. sinensis individuals. The transcripts of BsLyzC could be significantly induced after infection of Vibrio parahemolyticus in blood, spleen and head kidney. The optimal temperature and pH for recombinant BsLyzC (rBsLyzC) were found to be 50 °C and 6.0, respectively. The rBsLyzC exhibited antibacterial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria. These results indicate that the BsLyzC is involved in the antibacterial immunity of B. sinensis.

Reproductive biology and annual reproductive cycles of two sympatric lineages of Bostrychus sinensis with a natural habitat on southeastern coast of China

The two phylogeographic lineages [South China Sea (SCS) lineage and East China Sea (ESC) lineage] of the four-eyed sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis) occur sympatrically along the southeastern coast of China, where there is a small percentage of hybrids in a natural habitat. To assess the mechanism responsible for the incomplete reproductive isolation between the SCS and ECS lineages of four-eyed sleeper, there was sampling of individuals from the Yueqing Bay from November 2018 to November 2019 to determine whether there are differences in characteristics of the reproductive cycles and reproductive biology. The two lineages varied in reproductive seasonality, body size and shape, and egg number. The SCS lineage spawned annually between May and August, with the absolute fecundity (AF) of the SCS lineage being 9960 to 39,517 eggs per female, and there was positive allometric growth of this species. The ECS lineage spawned annually between June and July, with females producing 4064 to 10,370 eggs per fish and individuals having an isometric growth pattern. Preliminary results indicated that there was partial overlap in the spawning season between the two lineages in the sympatric region, which may not be a primary factor in the incomplete reproductive isolation. Furthermore, the lineage differences in fecundity and body shape and size may lead to variation in mate choice and reproductive strategy. The results from this study provide insight into the biology, reproductive strategies, and speciation of the four-eyed sleepers.

Molecular characterization and functional analyses of a hepcidin gene from Bostrychus sinensis

To study the antimicrobial activity of Bostrychus sinensis hepcidin (termed as BsHep), we cloned and sequenced the cDNA of BsHep. The BsHep cDNA has a 273-bp open reading frame, which encodes 90 amino acids (aa). The BsHep protein contains a signal peptide of 24 aa, a mature peptide of 26 aa (65QSHLSLCRWCCNCCRGYKGCGFCCKF90), an RXXR motif (61REKR64), a conserved ATCUN motif (65QSH67) and eight cysteine residues (C71, C74, C75, C77, C78, C84, C87 and C88). The genomic DNA of BsHep contains three exons and two introns. The BsHep shared high sequence similarity with hepcidins of other teleosts. The real-time PCR analyses showed a constitutive expression of BsHep in ten examined organs of healthy B. sinensis, with the highest expression observed in the liver. After poly (I:C) stimulation and Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, the expression of BsHep was significantly changed in peripheral blood, liver, spleen and head kidney. The synthetic BsHep mature peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria (V. parahemolyticus and Escherichia coli) and one Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus). Moreover, the intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg synthetic BsHep mature peptide could not only elevate the expressions of immune relevant genes in liver of B. sinensis, but also improve the survival rate of B. sinensis against V. parahemolyticus infection. These results indicate that B. sinensis hepcidin plays an important role in innate immune defense against pathogenic bacterial infection, and the BsHep peptide could be used as a potential immunomodulator and an antimicrobial therapeutic agent in the aquaculture of B. sinensis.

Balancing selection maintains ancient polymorphisms at conserved enhancers for the olfactory receptor genes of a Chinese marine fish.

The study of balancing selection, as a selective force maintaining adaptive genetic variation in gene pools longer than expected by drift, is currently experiencing renewed interest due to the increased availability of new data, methods of analysis, and case studies. In this investigation, evidence of balancing selection operating on conserved enhancers of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes is presented for the Chinese sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis), a coastal marine fish that is emerging as a model species for evolutionary studies in the Northwest Pacific marginal seas. Coupled with tests for Gene Ontology enrichment and transcription factor binding, population genomic data allow for the identification of an OR cluster in the sleeper with a downstream flanking region containing three enhancers that are conserved with human and other fish species. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses indicate that the enhancers are under balancing selection as evidenced by their translineage polymorphisms, excess common alleles, and increased within-group diversities. Age comparisons between the translineage polymorphisms and most recent common ancestors of neutral genealogies substantiate that the former are old, and thus, due to ancient balancing selection. The survival and reproduction of vertebrates depend on their sense of smell, and thereby, on their ORs. In addition to locus duplication and allelic variation of structural genes, this study highlights a third mechanism by which receptor diversity can be achieved for detecting and responding to the huge variety of environmental odorants (i.e., by balancing selection acting on OR gene expression through their enhancer variability).

Cloning and Expression of Four Aquaporin Homologs from the Chinese Black Sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis): The Effects of Salinity Acclimation.

Several fish species are known to possess mechanisms that allow them to adapt to environments with different salinities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on the expression of aquaporins (aqp1a, aqp3a, aqp8a, and aqp9a) in the gills and intestines of Chinese black sleeper. After 30days of acclimation, the expression of aqp1a, aqp3a, and aqp9a in the gills was significantly higher in fish transferred to 5 ppt than in those transferred to 40 ppt seawater, whereas aqp8 expression was lower. In contrast, aqp1a, aqp3a, and aqp8a expression in the intestines was higher in fish acclimated in 40 ppt than in those acclimated in 5 ppt. During abrupt salinity acclimation, the levels of aqp1a and aqp9a in the gills varied over time in fish acclimated in 5 ppt, but not in 40 ppt. The aqp3a levels in gills were higher in the 5 ppt group after 24h than in the 40 ppt. The expression level of aqp8a in gills was higher in 40 ppt than in 5 ppt, except for that at 12h. In the intestines, expression level of aqp1a and aqp8a were significantly upregulated from 12 to 48h following acclimation in 40 ppt and aqp3a was higher in 40 ppt group than in 5 ppt, while aqp9a expression exhibited an opposite trend. These findings suggest that aqp1a, aqp3a, aqp8a and aqp9a may play a major osmoregulatory role in water transport in the gills and intestines during acclimation to different salinity environment.

FIRST DATA OF GOBY FISH IN TIEN HAI WETLAND NATURE RESERVE, THAI BINH PROVINCE

Gobiiformes is the second diverse order of fish, with more than 2000 species in the world, and 99 species in Vietnam. Many of them are commercially economic important. To understand goby fish diversity in a mangrove forest, three surveys were conducted in March, July, and August 2019 from Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve, Thai Binh Province. Based on morphology, a total of 25 species in 3 families of goby fish were determined in the study area. Of which, one is an endangered species (Bostrychus sinensis) as the CR category, and a number of new records were found, including one species for Vietnam (Wuhanlinigobius polylepsis), 5 species for northern Vietnam, and 9 species for the study area. Regarding the distribution pattern, the fauna from the study area shared much with those from others where mangroves and estuaries present, implying the importance of these ecosystems for goby fish. Furthermore, the maximum number of these shared goby species is 16, showing a diverse and unique characteristic of this fauna. These findings will be important information for further fish diversity conservation and fisheries exploitation in the study area.

Molecular cloning, mRNA expression and functional characterization of a catalase from Chinese black sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis)

In this study, the catalase gene of Chinese black sleeper Bostrychus sinensis (termed as BsCat) was sequenced and characterized. The BsCat, which encodes 525 amino acids, contains a catalase proximal active site signature domain (64FDRERIPERVVHAKGAG80) and a catalase proximal heme-ligand signature domain (354RLFAYPDTH362). The BsCat exhibits high sequence similarity with Cat of other species. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed a close evolutionary relationship of BsCat to catalase genes of other fishes. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the BsCat gene was constitutively expressed in most organs of B. sinensis, with predominant expression detected in liver, followed by peripheral blood and spleen. Moreover, the BsCat gene was significantly changed after either poly (I:C) stimulation or Vibrio parahemolyticus infection in peripheral blood, head kidney, liver and spleen. The enzymatic activity of purified recombinant BsCat (rBsCat) was 2261 ± 96 U/mg. The rBsCat exhibits optimum enzymatic activity at 15 °C and pH 7.0. Our results suggested that the BsCat is involved in the antioxidant defense and host immune response of Chinese black sleeper during pathogen invasion.

Molecular characterization of three caspases from Bostrychus sinensis and their transcriptional responses to bacteria and viruses.

The caspase family proteins are aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that transmit extracellular signals to cells, ultimately cause apoptosis and therefore play a key role in cellular immunity. In this study, we cloned and characterized three caspases from Chinese black sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis), Bscasp-1, Bscasp-8 and Bscasp-9. Real-time PCR analysis showed that Bscasp-1, Bscasp-8 and Bscasp-9 were universally expressed in all tested tissues of B.sinensis. Expression analyses showed that after poly(I:C) stimulation and bacterial (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) infection, the three caspases were significantly upregulated. After poly(I:C) stimulation, the change of Bscasp-1 expression in the head kidney was the most obvious; peak expression was about 80.78-fold more than that of the control. In addition, the expression of Bscasp-8 and Bscasp-9 in the peripheral blood and liver was 167.99- and 17.98-fold higher than that in the control group, respectively. After V.parahaemolyticus infection, the expression peaks of Bscasp-1 and Bscasp-8 in the peripheral blood and spleen were 85.82-fold and 280.83-fold that of the control. However, the expression of Bscasp-9 in the peripheral blood was upregulated only 8.33-fold higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that Bscasp-1, Bscasp-8 and Bscasp-9 are likely involved in response to viral and bacterial infection.

Molecular cloning, expression analyses and functional characterization of a goose-type lysozyme gene from Bostrychus sinensis (family: Eleotridae)

In this study, we sequenced and characterized the goose-type lysozyme gene, termed as BsLysG, from the Chinese black sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis). The BsLysG encodes 196 amino acids and contains a soluble bacterial lytic transglycosylases domain, three catalytic residues (Glu72, Asp85 and Asp102) and the GLMQ motif (Gly97, Leu98, Met99 and Gln100). No signal peptide was observed in the BsLysG protein. The genomic DNA of BsLysG contains five exons and four introns. The sequence analyses showed that the BsLysG exhibits high similarity with LysG from other fishes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the BsLysG is clustered together with its counterparts from other teleost fishes. The Real-time PCR analyses showed that the BsLysG was found to be ubiquitously expressed in ten examined organs in Chinese black sleeper, with predominant expression in spleen, followed by head kidney and peripheral blood. Expression analyses showed that the BsLysG was significantly upregulated in vivo after either pathogen Vibrio parahemolyticus infection or poly (I:C) challenge in peripheral blood, head kidney, liver and spleen organs. The purified recombinant BsLysG (rBsLysG) has optimal activity at 35 °C and pH 5.5. The rBsLysG exhibited antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and V. parahemolyticus). The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging analyses showed that the rBsLysG-treated V. parahemolyticus cells displayed morphological deformation. These results indicate that the BsLysG is involved in host immune defense against bacterial infection.

Evaluation of the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in &lt;i&gt; Bostrychus sinensis &lt;/i&gt; fish growing the soai rap estuary - Ho Chi Minh city

Evaluation of the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in &lt;i&gt; Bostrychus sinensis &lt;/i&gt; fish growing the soai rap estuary - Ho Chi Minh city

ĐÁNH GIÁ ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA HÓA CHẤT BẢO VỆ THỰC VẬT OCPs ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA CÁ BỚP BOSTRYCHUS SINENSIS NUÔI TẠI CỬA SÔNG SOÀI RẠP - TpHCM

This study was conducted from May to November 2017 to evaluate the accumulation of organochlorine pesticide chemicals (OCPs) in Bostrychus sinensis fish growing at the Soai Rap estuary, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The pesticide chemicals in the tissues of fish and the sediments of the estuary were analyzed using a gas chromatography method and Varian GC-450 (ECD) instrument. The results showed that in all tissue samples of fish, the content of DDTs was the highest (9.524 ng/g), followed by Aldrin (1.209 ng/g); HCHs (1.972 ng/g); Dieldrin (1.743 ng/g) and Endosunfans (1.053 ng/g), and the lowest values were Heptachlor (0.807 ng/g) and Eldrin (0.715 ng/g). The content of OCPs in all sediment samples from the study area was found to be lower than Vietnamese standard 43: 2012 /MONRE and some other standards in the world. The bioaccumulation factor of OCPs in the tissue of fish was very low level (BAF &lt; 100), for DDTs at low levels (100 &lt; BAF &lt; 500). The Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) of the seven substances in the sediment was Dieldrin &gt; DDTs &gt; Aldrin &gt; HCHs &gt; Endosunfans &gt; Heptachlor &gt; Endrin.